Javier Pinto. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(6):777--808, 1998.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... approaches suffer in comparison, at least judging by the existing literature; they require more elaborate mechanisms, usually extending their basic ontology to include the concept of an action occurrence, perhaps also together with an actual path in the tree of histories (e.g. 10, 11] but see [9, 12] for different viewpoints) For a rich account of both narratives and hypothetical reasoning, which also requires an enriched ontology, see [5] Regardless of the approach, the existing literature provides a rather limited concept of what a narrative is; the examples all concern linear action ....

Javier Pinto. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(6):777-- 808, 1998.

....approach vs direct formalization approach In general, researchers that use a high level language to formalize reasoning about actions have normally followed the methodology of: 4 This term was coined by Reiter in [42] where he discussed this drawback. The later papers of Reiter and Pinto [38,42] avoid this drawback but to prevent it they abandon minimization of action occurrences. We further explain premature minimization and do a detailed comparison of our approach with theirs in Section 11.5. 110 C. Baral et al. Artificial Intelligence 104 (1998) 107 164 developing a ....

.... we first compare NATs with Sandewall s filter preferential entailment and then give a detailed comparison of our work with other proposals that do both narrative and hypothetical reasoning; particularly, those by McCarthy [33] Kakas and Miller [19] Miller and Shanahan [35] and Pinto and Reiter [38,39]. 11.1. Sandewall s filter preferential entailment The notion of filtering was first introduced by Sandewall [44] to be able to formally obtain explanations in terms of action occurrences given action descriptions (in terms of conditions and effects) physical laws, and observations about ....

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J. Pinto, Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus, Manuscript, 1996 (http://lyrcc.ing.puc.cl/jpinto/).

....to (2.2) Other examples of actual future readings of (1.1) can be found in [BH98] where an Ockhamist ( Pri67] Bur79] branching time logic is considered. Artificial Intelligence too has recently paid some attention to the notion of actual line , e.g. in the Situation Calculus ( PR95] [Pin98]) We believe that, in this area, the picture of Time provided by Definition 2.1 is particularly significant in connection with Partial Information Reasoning. When information is partial, there are many future developments of the present state of a#airs 6 that are compatible with our knowledge ....

J. Pinto. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. J. of Logic and Computation, 8(6):777--808, 1998.

....car to the airport, and doing the packing, observes his car with a demobilizing dent. The agent did not see the exogenous action that made the dent so it cannot put a corre 4 This term was coined by Reiter in [Rei96] where he discussed this drawback. The later papers of Reiter and Pinto [Rei96,Pin96] do not have this drawback but to prevent it they abandon minimization of action occurrences. We do a detailed comparison of our approach with theirs in Section 11.5. 4 sponding action occurrence to its narrative, but it should be able to infer such an occurrence from its observation that the ....

.... preferential entailment and then give a detailed comparison of our work with that of other proposals that do both narrative reasoning and hypothetical reasoning; particularly, those by McCarthy [McC95] Kakas and Miller [KakMil96] Miller and Shanahan [MilSha94] and Pinto and Reiter [PinRei93,Pin96] 11.1 Filter preferential entailment of Sandewall The notion of filtering was first introduced by Sandewall [San89] He introduced it to be able to formally obtain explanations in terms of action occurrences given action descriptions (in terms of conditions and effects) physical laws, and ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Pinto, J. 1996. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Manuscript (http://lyrcc.ing.puc.cl/jpinto/).

....at different time points (labeled by actualsituation constants) and ordering among actual situations. Given such descriptions, which includes observations, we can then: 2 This term was coined by Reiter in [Rei96] where he discussed this drawback. The later papers of Reiter and Pinto [Rei96,Pin96] avoid this drawback but to prevent it they abandon minimization of action occurrences. We further explain premature minimization and do a detailed comparison of our approach with theirs in Section 11.5. 3 plan from the current situation by doing hypothetical reasoning; explain ....

.... filter preferential entailment and then give a detailed comparison of our work with other proposals that do both narrative and hypothetical reasoning; particularly, those 44 by McCarthy [McC95] Kakas and Miller [KakMil96] Miller and Shanahan [MilSha94] and Pinto and Reiter [PinRei93,Pin96] 11.1 Sandewall s filter preferential entailment The notion of filtering was first introduced by Sandewall [San89] to be able to formally obtain explanations in terms of action occurrences given action descriptions (in terms of conditions and effects) physical laws, and observations about ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Pinto, J. 1996. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Manuscript (http://lyrcc.ing.puc.cl/jpinto/).

....approach, consisting of adding active rules to a modi cation of the original speci cation. These rules enforce the satisfaction of the ICs by triggering appropriate auxiliary actions. Preliminary work on this, in a general framework for knowledge representation of action and change, is shown in [Pin98b]. The last alternative is the subject of this paper. There are several issues to be considered. First, a computational mechanism should be provided for deriving active rules and repairing actions from the ICs. Second, the active rules should be consistent with the rest of the speci cation and ....

....immediately when they are expected to be executed with the purpose of restoring the integrity of the database. In this paper we consider only static integrity constraints. A methodology for treating dynamic integrity constraints as static integrity constraints is presented in [AB98a] In [Pin98b] they are called natural actions. Complex database transactions have been treated in [BPV99] In this paper we restrict ourselves to primitive transactions only. L. Bertossi, J. Pinto In the rest of this paper, with the purpose of illustrating our approach, we will consider only ICs of the ....

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J. Pinto. Occurrences and Narratives as Constraints in the Branching Structure of the Situation Calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8:777-808, 1998.

....approach, consisting of adding active rules to a modification of the original specification. These rules enforce the satisfaction of the ICs by triggering appropriate auxiliary actions. Preliminary work on this, in a general framework for knowledge representation of action and change, is shown in [26, 25]. The last alternative is the subject of this paper. There are several issues to be considered. First, a computational mechanism should be provided for deriving active rules and repairing actions from the ICs. Second, the active rules should be consistent with the rest of the 1 These are the ....

....is, the future is not open to all possible evolutions, but constrained by the necessary execution of actions mentioned in the rules that fire, given that their related conditions hold. The notion of execution in SC was first introduced in [27] 6 . This problem has subsequently been treated in [21, 26]. Our discussion is based upon [26] The starting point is the observation that every situation s identifies a unique sequence of actions. That is, situations can be identified with the history of actions that lead to them (starting in S 0 ) s = do(a n ; do(a 2 ; do(a 1 ; S 0 ) ....

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Javier Pinto. Occurrences and Narratives as Constraints in the Branching Structure of the Situation Calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8:777--808, 1998.

....that appear in formulas are assumed to be universally quantified with maximum scope. 6 the tree of situations, such that the actions that occur fall in that branch [11, 7] An alternative is to consider occurrences as constraints that limit the situations that can be considered legal, as in [9, 10]. Here, we use a simplified version of what was proposed in [10] We define the predicate legal for situations, such that: legal(s) j s S 0 (8s 0 ; c; a) s 0 s occurs(a;s 0 ) do(c;s 0 ) s oe a 2 c] 10) Thus, a situation is considered legal if all the actions that lead from S 0 to ....

....with maximum scope. 6 the tree of situations, such that the actions that occur fall in that branch [11, 7] An alternative is to consider occurrences as constraints that limit the situations that can be considered legal, as in [9, 10] Here, we use a simplified version of what was proposed in [10]. We define the predicate legal for situations, such that: legal(s) j s S 0 (8s 0 ; c; a) s 0 s occurs(a;s 0 ) do(c;s 0 ) s oe a 2 c] 10) Thus, a situation is considered legal if all the actions that lead from S 0 to it are possible (expressed with the s S 0 literal) and if all ....

PINTO, J. Occurrences and Narratives as Constraints in the Branching Structure of the Situation Calculus. Submitted to the Journal of Logic and Computation URL = ftp://lyrcc.ing.puc.cl/pub/jpinto/jlc.ps.gz, 1997.

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Pinto, J. 1998b. Occurrences and Narratives as Constraints in the Branching Structure of the Situation Calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation. To appear.

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Javier Pinto. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(6):777--808, 1998.

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Javier Pinto, `Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus', Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(6), 777--808, (1998).

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Javier A. Pinto. Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the situation calculus. Journal of Logic and Computation, 8(6):777--808, 1998.

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