N. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Feb. 1991.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....passed between processes. Minsky et al. argue that such anonymity is generally ill advised in the context of open systems unless suitable security measures are provided. Law Governed Linda [Minsky,94] is an adaptation of a previously defined law governed architecture for message passing systems [Minsky,91] 81 In Law Governed Linda, a set of rules, known as the laws, are provided which serve to restrict the interaction between each process and the tuple space. These rules define a model which limits the effect that events occurring at the boundary between processes and the communication medium, ....

N.H. Minsky, "The Imposition of Protocols over Open Distributed Systems", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....could be to identify a strategy profile such that, given that each agent acts according to the strategy assigned to it in this profile, the specification is satisfied. Then, it would be possible to enforce this behavior by instituting the appropriate behavior as the law of the system [37, 38]. Clearly, this law would be consistent with the system specification (according to which it has been designed) since it would force each agent to use the strategy prescribed to it in the strategy profile, while this strategy profile has been chosen to satisfy the specification of the system. ....

....adoption, our emphasis is on the design of artificial systems where agents are assumed to conform to every law prescribed by the system s designer. The law based approach can be traced to the beginning of the decade with work on lawgoverned systems in the context of software engineering (Minsky, [37]) In this framework, the author studied how a set of rules, governing the behavior of the objects of a system, can facilitate the implementation of protocols. In Minsky s terms a law is an enforced specification of protocols . The approach is particularly adept at coordinating heterogeneous ....

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 17(2):183--195, 1991.

....All solutions and methods proposed in these works require some form of collaboration from application system objects in order to carry out dynamic reconfigurations. Thus some reconfiguration logic has to embedded into application object source codes. Work on LGA (Law Governed Architecture) [34, 33] proposes doing dynamic reconfiguration by building reconfiguration primitives into the law that governs object interactions. However, reconfiguration examples for which use of LGA has been illustrated in [34] enforce only communication consistency, namely making 169 sure that restrictions on ....

....requires involvement of relatively complex controllers in communication pathways. This is likely to introduce significant delays in communication. Careful analysis of overheads introduced by LGA is necessary before this architecture may be advocated for use in distributed systems. As indicated in [33], globality is essential in LGA and hence LGA is less suitable when protocols to be represented as law can be localized to a few agents, that is, when heterogeneity rather than regularity is the norm. We will conclude this chapter with a summary of the principal observations. RESTCLK provides ....

N. H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....agent community, etc. Anyway, Communicators can emulate Linda based models but, since they are designed on the basis of the analysis of agent requirements, they are able to better support the human like behaviour of agent coordination. An approach similar to the Communicator model is given in [11], where Minsky et al. propose the concept of Law Governed Interactions to support coordination policies in distributed systems. Here, coordination is mediated by controllers which embed the rules and the actions to be performed when a message of a given type is sent or delivered. With respect ....

N. H. Minsky. The Imposition of Protocols over Open Distributed Systems. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....views on a case by case basis, and will require further exploration before it can be applied, for example, to description of interaction protocols. 2.7. 5 Law Governed Architecture Naftaly Minsky has proposed a model of system protocol enforcement based on his work in law governed systems [Min91] According to his model, a protocol is specified by a global collection of laws, or constraints on how components may act depending on the actions that have occurred previously in the system. Each component is controlled by an enforcer, which ensures that no action is taken unless it is ....

Naftaly H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 17(2):183--95, February 1991.

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N. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Feb. 1991.

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

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Minsky, N.: The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (1991)

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....change. Later in Section 4, we will show how this policy BT can be implemented in LGI, augmented with a technique to deal with the openness of the community, and be enforced scalably, over the interactions between such agents. 3. Law Governed Interaction (LGI) an Overview Broadly speaking, LGI [5] is a message exchange mechanism that allows an open group of distributed agents to engage in a mode of interaction governed by an explicitly specified policy, called the interaction law (or simply the law ) of the group. The messages thus exchanged under a given law are called and the ....

....presenting the law, and explaining how it is scalably enforced under LGI, we start with some remarks on the deployment of a law in general, and some specificity regarding . In stipulating the actual text of a law, LGI currently supports two languages: a) a Prolog like language, introduced in [5], employed below, and (b) a restricted version of Java, described in [12] In particular, this is the time when the communal decision is made as to which (kinds of) agents, perhaps even how many of them, can) play which roles, including the choice of trustworthy CA. Then, one needs to ensure that ....

N. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,Feb. 1991.

....existing P S services can handle the entire scope of policy AP . In Section 4 we will show how policy AP can be formulated and enforced in a decentralized, communal manner, with only marginal involvement of the P S mediator. 3 Law Governed Interaction (LGI) an Overview Broadly speaking, LGI [12] is a message exchange mechanism that allows an open group of distributed agents to engage in a mode of interaction governed by an explicitly specified policy, called the interaction law (or simply the law ) of the group. The messages thus exchanged under a given law are called and the ....

....under LGI, of policy AP discussed in Section 2. We start with some general remarks on the deployment of a law. To begin with, of course, the actual text of the law has to be stipulated. LGI currently supports two languages for writing laws: a) a Prolog like language, introduced in [12], and (b) a restricted version of Java, described in [18] The former of these languages is employed below. We envision that such stipulation is done by a group of pertinent stake holders, including, in our example, the administrators of this hospital, and the representatives of other users, with ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....are interpreting the same law L; and (c) that are securely transmitted over the network. This architectural idea has been later adopted by Stefik in his trusted systems work [28] although Stefik s work may have been done without any knowledge of the previous (1991) work of this author [22]. But Stefik applied this idea only in the limited context of right management. Broadly speaking, these assurances are provided as follows. controllers used for mediating the exchange of authenticate themselves to each other via certificates signed by a certification authority specified by ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....based on the thesis that the only reliable way for ensuring that a heterogeneous distributed community of software modules and people conforms to a given policy is for this policy to be enforced. As part of this research program, we have devised a mechanism called law governed interaction (LGI) [13, 14] for this purpose. As has been demonstrated in [2, 17] LGI can be used to specify a wide range of policies to govern the We use here the term community in its sense in the enterprise language currently under development within ISO [9] It is a collection of agents (or, objects) formed to ....

....LGI, of a policy ensemble comprised of the above mentioned four policies. Of course, in practice, the ensemble of enterprise policies is likely to be significantly larger and more complex. 3 Law Governed Interaction (LGI) an Overview LGI is a message exchange mechanism, first introduced in [13], that allows an open group of distributed agents to engage in a mode of interaction governed by an explicitly specified policy, called the law of the group. The messages thus exchanged under a given law are called messages, and the group of agents interacting via messages is called a ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....overview of LGI, introducing the concepts necessary for understanding the LGI based auctioning system. Section 3 builds upon this section and it describes how LGI can be applied as the underlying technology for supporting online auctions. LGI is a message exchange mechanism, first introduced in [6], that allows an open group of distributed agents to engage in a mode of interaction governed by an explicitly specified policy, called the law of the group. The messages thus exchanged under a given law are called and the group of agents interacting via is called a community or, more ....

N. H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....in these policies at will. This mechanism must also be flexible enough to accommodate the many to many business relationships that normally exist between enterprises. We already addressed certain aspects of this problem, using a message exchange mechanism called Law Governed Interaction (LGI) [7, 9]. In particular, a technique for establishing intraenterprise policies, like P 1 and P 2 above, has been presented in [8, 2] And the issue of interoperability between enterprises has been addressed in [12] But our previous interopearbility mechanism su#ers from several di#culties. Chief among ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....is the effect of revocation of certificates on the delegation of privileges within a community, such as the delegation, by a doctor to a nurse, of the right to make orders. The second challenge is the on line change of a communal policy itself, to be handled according to the protocol outlined in [10]. ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....coordination. In Section 3 we introduce an implementation of regulated coordination by a toolkit called Moses, illustrating it with a detailed example. This implementation, which uses message passing as the basic coordination primitive, is based on previous work by the authors and their colleagues [11,12]. To demonstrate the range of applicability of Moses we discuss in Section 4 the implementation of two additional coordination policies: for fair voting, and for monitoring. Section 5 places this work in the context of current research on coordination; and we conclude with a thought about some ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....members of the group are made to obey it, but it is enforced locally, at each process. This concept, which is currently implemented by an experimental toolkit called Moses using binary message passing as the basic coordination primitive, is based on previous work by the author and his colleagues [7, 8, 6]. LGI constitutes an effective separation between policy and mechanism. It provides flexible and reliable means for establishing a wide range of regularities necessary to support coordination and access control in distributed applications. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 ....

....enable L to distinguish between different kinds of members, so that the ruling of the law for a given event may depend on its home. Some of the attributes 3 An agent may, in particular, be a person interacting with other members of his group directly from a terminal. 4 However, as explained in [7], we intend to provide means for the global changing of R 5 of an agent have a predefined semantics, such as the attribute self(n) that defines n to be the unique identifier for this agent (unique within the group) In general, however, the semantics of attributes is defined, for a given group, ....

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....under which policies are defined formally and explicitly, and are enforced by a unified mechanism. Each policy under this scheme specifies the type of messages regulated by it and the law that governs these messages. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of law governed interaction (LGI) [13, 14], currently implemented by an experimental toolkit called Moses. This toolkit can support a wide range of security models and policies, including: conventional discretionary models that use capabilities or access control lists, mandatory lattice based access control models [17] and the more ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....to it. It is our thesis that the only reliable way for ensuring that an heterogeneous distributed community of software modules and people conforms to a given policy is for this policy to be enforced. Such an enforcement is, indeed, possible under the concept of law governed interaction (LGI) [8, 10]. LGI is a message exchange mechanism that enables an heterogeneous collection of distributed agents to engage in a mode of interaction governed by an explicitly specified and scalable enforced policy, called the law of this collection. A collection of agents thus interacting via LGI under a given ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991. 13

....as black boxes. Second, recognizing that single conglomerate system may involve many di#erent, and sometimes unrelated, activities, we attempt to regulate different activities separately, under di#erent laws. These two relaxations gave rise to the concept of law governed interaction (LGI) [7, 2], briefly presented in the following section. In Section 4 we will shaw how LGI can be used to establish some of McKeeman s accounting principles as evolution invariants of a financial system. 3 The Concept of Law Governed Interaction (LGI) Broadly speaking, LGI is a message exchange mechanism ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

....regularities are much more reliable and flexible than manually implemented ones, and they can be maintained as invariants of the evolution of the system. But [14] presents an abstract model of LGA, which is language independent, and can be applied to distributed systems, as has been done in [11]. In this 4 paper we specialize this model to deal with traditional inheritance based object oriented languages. More specifically, we describe here a layer of Darwin 2 called Darwin E that supports law governed architecture for systems written in the Eiffel language [10] The rest of this paper ....

....in this paper, are applicable to many other object oriented languages, such as C , Ada and Modula 3. All one needs to realize such an application is to construct an environment like Darwin E for such languages. Moreover, the concept of LGA can be extended to distributed systems as shown in [11, 16]. ....

N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, February 1991.

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 17(2):183--195, 1991.

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N.H. Minsky. The imposition of protocols over open distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 17(2):183--195, 1991.

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