Arbab F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Ciancarini P, Hankin C (eds); Springer-Verlag, April 1996; pp. 34--56.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....[16] The latter are two earlier theoretical models exploring aspects of IWIM. A fuller treatment of all these issues can be found in [8] Section 5 concludes. 2 The IWIM Model In this section we review the generic coordination framework known as the Ideal Worker Ideal Manager (IWIM) model [2,3,5]. The basic concepts in the IWIM model are processes, events, ports, and channels. A process is a black box with well de ned ports of connection through which it exchanges units of information with the other processes in its environment. A port is a named opening in the bounding walls of a ....

Arbab F. \The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities." in: Proc. COORD-96, Ciancarini, Hankin (eds.), LNCS 1061, 34-56, Springer, 1996.

....nodes of the search tree are visited by propagation and subsequent splitting. 2. 2 Coordination Model and Language Coordination languages o#er language support for composing and controlling software architectures made of parallel or distributed components [13] In the IWIM model of coordination [4], these components are represented by processes. In addition to processes, the basic concepts of IWIM are ports, channels and events. A process is a black box that exchanges units of information with the other processes in its environment through its input ports and output ports, by means of ....

....a set of worker processes. For this purpose, manager processes can create worker processes and make channel connections to their ports. A manager process may be considered a worker processes by another manager. At the bottom of this hierarchy there is always a layer of atomic workers. Manifold [4, 5] is a coordination language for writing program modules (coordinator processes) to manage complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperating processes that comprise a single application. The conceptual model behind Manifold is based on IWIM. A ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In Ciancarini, Hankin (eds.) Coordination Languages and Models, LNCS 1061, pp. 34--56, Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....in a distributed (or at least concurrent) environment, then we speak of coordination rather than scripting. A coordination language is concerned with managing dependencies between concurrent or distributed components. Classical coordination languages are Linda [CG89] Darwin [MDK92] and Manifold [Arb96] Glue. Although we claimed that components must be designed to be composed, the simple fact is that we are often constrained to use (legacy) components that are not plug compatible with the components we want to work with. These situations are referred to as compositional mismatches [Sam97] ....

.... a configuration language for distributed agents that models composition in terms of dataflow [MDK92] The composition primitives of Darwin have a formal semantics specified in terms of the # calculus [EP93] Manifold is a pure coordination language that models external components as processes [Arb96] A manifold is a process that can dynamically connect input and output ports depending on its current state. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for specifying reusable higher level coordination abstractions and protocols as well as for implementing dynamically evolving architectures. ....

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, LNCS 1061, pages 34--56. Springer, April 1996. Proceedings of Coordination '96.

....a service provider (EXAMINE) 16] These two capabilities used in concert allow for scheduling a program with more confidence in execution time. Other coordination languages such as MANIFOLD are appropriate for this type of composition, but lack the EXAMINE and ESTIMATE primitives found in CLAM [17,18]. The current supported runtime system for CHAIMS is known CPAM (CHAIMS Protocol for Autonomous Megamodules) 19] The protocol removes the barriers imposed by different programming languages and distribution protocols, while providing support for the scheduling primitives in CLAM. Programs ....

F. Arbab, "The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities," First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications (Coordination'96), Cesena, Italy, April 15-17 1996. (Also appears in LNCS 1061, Springer-Verlag, pp. 3456.)

....of CP automata in expressing mobility we describe another example, a variant of the Dining Philosopher problem in which diners may move, and which requires two further operations on CP automata case feedback , and place feedback. 3. 1 The IWIM coordination model Arbab in a series of papers [1] [2], 5] has described a conceptual model of coordination, idealized workers and idealized managers (IWIM) on which his language MANIFOLD is based. The essential features of IWIM are as follows: The elements of the model are processes; each process may partake of two roles a worker role and a ....

F. Arbab, The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 34--56, Springer--Verlag, 1996.

....of the distributed bucket sort. In section 5 we show how mobility of processes may be modelled using CP automata, introducing at the same time two extra feedback operations on CP automata. We finish with a section of conclusions. 1. 1 The IWIM coordination model Arbab in a series of papers [1] [2], 5] has described a conceptual model of coordination, idealized workers and idealized managers (IWIM) on which his language MANIFOLD is based. The essential features of IWIM are as follows: The elements of the model are processes; each process may partake of two roles a worker role and a ....

F. Arbab, The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 34--56, Springer--Verlag, 1996.

....per video sample. Furthermore, the processing must obey real time 1 To avoid repetition of the long phrase communication protocol and coordination language we write interaction language. We leave open whether the communication protocol and the coordination language are strictly separated or not [3]. constraints because data rates are externally imposed. Applications are increasingly complex and dynamic in their behaviour, and the design and implementation of multimedia systems is therefore challenging [27] The use of interaction languages structures the design process (how do we come to a ....

....for data storage and or communication. Tokens are gathered in collections such as channels or pools. Components and channels can be connected in a topology using ports, and tokens are associated to channels or perhaps more generally to token pools. Systems can be generically described in many ways [2, 26, 28, 3]; we do not intend to do so here. Con guration services enable the construction and modi cation of a con guration of the system. Entities must be created, destroyed, or modi ed (e.g. started, suspended, stopped, moved, ushed) and their interaction speci ed or modi ed (e.g. event triggers, ....

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Farhad Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination languages and models, volume 1061 of Lecture notes in computer science, pages 34-56, 1996.

....communication mechanisms.The major disadvantage of this particular approach is that the interactions are defined in an ad hoc manner, that precludes further analysis of the interaction patterns like, for instance, the study of the dead lock behavior of the cooperating tools. The Manifold [Arb96] language uses events and data streams through named ports as communication mechanisms. Coordination is described by means of transition diagrams. The ToolBus has many objectives in common with Manifold, although the technical details are largely different: process descriptions based on process ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In

.... model is similar to the one of software architectures: making a clear separation between computational elements and their relationships by providing abstractions for controlling synchronization, communication, creation, and termination of concurrent and distributed computational activities [2]. One can also consider coordination as the scripting of concurrent and distributed components. 5 3.2 Concepts in practice In order to illustrate our approach of components, architectures, scripts, and glue, consider the following UNIX shell script which reverses the lines of a 7 bit character ....

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, LNCS 1061, pages 34--56. Springer, April 1996. Proceedings of Coordination '96.

....Fagot, Adriano Scutell a CWI Postbus 94079 1090 GB Amsterdam e mail: fadriano, fagotg cwi.nl 1 Introduction Coordination languages [Coo99] are used for the orchestration of various activities of a distributed, parallel application. A representative of this class of languages is MANIFOLD [Arb95,Arb96a,Arb96b]. Promela [Hol91] is a high level modelling language used for the specification of concurrent systems and it can be argued that it is also a sort of coordination language [Hol99] Besides last observation the idea of this work comes from the fact that there is a correspondence between MANIFOLD ....

....contains two examples, some planning for future work and conlcusion is drawn in Section 5 2 MANIFOLD and its relation with Promela and Spin This section is a sketchy outline of the characteristics of the coordination language MANIFOLD. The reader who wishes to learn more on MANIFOLD may consult [Arb95,Arb96a,Arb96b], for Promela and Spin the book written by Gerard Holzmann [Hol91] and the online documentation [WWWSP] are our references. Like Promela applications, a MANIFOLD application consists of various running processes of some given types. We find two kinds of processes in MANIFOLD: atomic and ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56.

.... PREMO are quite unlike those in other APIs such as GKS, PHIGS, or OpenGL [2] PREMO is not intended as a rendering engine, but as a framework for integrating media processing and rendering, performing a service for digital media somewhat like what a coordination language like Linda [4] or Manifold [1] does for concurrent processing. The main objective of this paper is to describe just how PREMO does integrate support for graphics into its general model of distributed multimedia; a second objective is to provide an overview of the Standard. Section 2 describes the main provisions of the first ....

F. Arbab: "The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities", in: Coordination Languages and Models, Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1061, 1996.

.... decentralized (i.e. objects communicate explicitly to realize the coordination) or hybrid (i.e. achieved through the cooperation of both the objects and a coordinator agent) Mukh95a] As COOLs promote data encapsulation and behaviour over data, the coordination in COOs must be control driven [Frol93a, Mukh95a, Arba96b, Mins97a]. Contrary to Linda based approaches [Kiel96a] where the coordinated objects are aware of the virtual shared space to which they communicate, coordination should be transparent from the point of view of the coordinated objects [Frol93a, Mukh95a, Mins97a] Moreover, it should be non intrusive: ....

....systems is developed using concurrent object oriented languages. These languages provide only limited support for the specification of an abstraction of the coordination. In the last few years, a new set of so called coordination languages: Linda [Gele92a] Gamma [Bana95a] Manifold [Arba96b], ActorSpace [Agha93c] Objective Linda [Kiel96a] to cite a few, have been developed to support the construction of coordination layers in software system. Due to space limitation we limit ourselves the approaches that support object oriented concurrent programming and we focus on different ....

F. Arbab, The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities, COORDINATION '96, LNCS 1061, Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 34-55.

....targets by extending a state of the art coordination language with real time capabilities. In particular, we concentrate on the so called control or event driven coordination languages ( 4] which we feel they are particularly suited for this purpose, and more to the point the language Manifold ([1]) We show that it is quite natural to extend such a language with primitives enforcing real time coordination and we apply the proposed model to the area of distributed multimedia systems. 2 The Coordination Language Manifold Manifold ( 1] is a control or event driven coordination language, ....

....purpose, and more to the point the language Manifold ( 1] We show that it is quite natural to extend such a language with primitives enforcing real time coordination and we apply the proposed model to the area of distributed multimedia systems. 2 The Coordination Language Manifold Manifold ([1]) is a control or event driven coordination language, and is a realisation of a rather recent type of coordination models, namely the Ideal Worker Ideal Manager (IWIM) one. In Manifold there exist two different types of processes: managers (or coordinators) and workers. A manager is responsible ....

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F. Arbab, "The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities", First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications (Coordination'96), Cesena, Italy, 15-17 April, 1996, LNCS 1061, Springer Verlag, pp. 34-56.

....E.S.Manolakos and D.G. Galatopoullos part of the code unaltered. This scheme allows for the reusability and incremental development of modular software components for parallel applications. The JavaPorts tasks follow the Ideal Worker Ideal Manager (IWIM) model of anonymous communications [1, 2] i.e. a task may exchange messages with other tasks without knowing their identity, in contrast to the Targeted Send Receive (TSR) model. Each task is assumed to be an ideal worker who performs some job without knowing or caring about how the inputs it is using arrived at its ports, or where its ....

....on clusters, but also high quality parallel code in which hiding the coordination and communication details from the user does not come at the expense of adding a prohibitively large overhead. JAVAPORTS Informatica 17 page xxx yyy 3 Task1 = Manager Task2 = Worker1 port[0] port[0] port[1] Task3 = Worker2 port[0] Node 1 Node 2 begin configuration begin definitions define machine Node1= corea.cdsp.neu.edu define machine Node2= walker.cdsp.neu.edu define task Task1= Manager define task Task2= Worker1 define task Task3= Worker2 end definitions begin allocations ....

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F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. Coordination '96, Lecture Notes on Computer Science, vol. 1061, April 1996.

....Building such applications will not be trivial, even with the help of components, because too many low level aspects come into play at once in the logic of the coordination code. There have been many proposals for high level coordination models and languages, such as tuple spaces or the IWIM model [7], each of which proposes a way to separate coordination from computation. We believe that this is not enough, and take our cue from three other domains: software architecture, scripting and object orientation. First, it is now well established that different architectural styles exhibit different ....

Farhad Arbab, "The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities," Proceedings of COORDINATION'96, P. Ciancarini and Chris Hankin (Eds.), LNCS 1061, Springer -Verlag, Cesena, Italy, 1996, pp. 34-55.

....of deadlock and termination. press some coordination structures it could be argued that such structures are not coordination structures, and therefore that Linda is not deficient. However, at least one facility which appears in other non Linda coordination languages (for example IWIM [3]) the provision of private or point point communication, cannot be implemented using the classical Linda model. Consequently, there is a prima facie case that the classical Linda model requires some enhancement. The rest of this section investigates such an enhancement. The following two ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume LNCS1061, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, 1996.

....paradigms [AHM96, CE96] which provide the synchronization, communication, and creation destruction of computational activities required to orchestrate the individual computations into a coherent system. Examples of coordination paradigms include Gamma [BL93] Linda [CG89] and the IWIM model [Arb96] Messengers is similar in some respects to PoliS [Cia94] a variant of Linda intended to simplify the design of distributed systems by incorporating explicit partitioning of the underlying state space (called a tuple space in the Linda model) One difference is that in PoliS, computational ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, pages 34--56, Cesena, Italy, April 1996. Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1061.

....could be derived by inheritance. The PREMO MRI component is not itself a rendering engine, but rather a framework for integrating media processing and rendering, performing a service for digital media somewhat like the service that a coordination framework, such as Linda [15] or Manifold [4], provide for concurrent processing. 172 7.2.2 The Hierarchy in Overview Primitives are structures, that is, the object type Primitive inherits from SimplePREMOObject. At the top level, PREMO distinguishes between the seven kinds of primitive shown in Figure 7 3: Captured, Form, Tracer, ....

F. Arbab: "The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities". In: Coordination Languages and Models, Springer Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1061 series, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York, pp. 34-56, 1996.

....introduce the FLO C model 1 , which takes up the component connector distinction and applies it to the implementation level. Our explicit connectors implement the collaboration of components, therefore they are the ideal location for coordination code. Minsky et al. 13] and many other authors [4] recognized the need for such explicit entities, that represent and enforce interaction policies. FLO C s connectors are abstractly defined, and only rely on the interfaces of the active objects they coordinate. Thus, they are independent from the implementation of the coordinated objects. This ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In COORDINATION'96, 1996.

....realization of a coordination based version of the CDa algorithm. 3. THE COORDINATION LANGUAGE MANIFOLD is a language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperative processes [5] MANIFOLD is based on the IWIM model of communication [6]. The basics concepts in the IWIM model (thus also in MANIFOLD) are processes, events, ports, and channels. Its advantages over the Targeted Send Receive model (on which object oriented programming models and tools such as PVM, PARMACS, and MPI are based) are discussed in [5; 17] A MANIFOLD ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of LNCS, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, Apr. 1996.

....of this proposition solver. MANIFOLD is a coordination language developed at the CWI in the Netherlands. It is very well suited for applications involving dynamic process creation and dynamically changing (ir)regular communication patterns among sets of independent concurrent cooperating processes [Arb95, Arb96]. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2 we give a brief introduction to the MANIFOLD language by discussing a toy application. Apart from showing some of the syntax and semantics of MANIFOLD we find in this example already, in nutshell, most elements of the MANIFOLD ....

....and has several advantages. An important advantage is that it results in a clear separation between the modules responsible for computation and the modules responsible for coordination, and therefore also strengthens the modularity and enhances the re usability of both types of modules (see [Arb96], Arb97] We now illustrate MANIFOLD through an example that implements a game of table tennis between you and me . We give the MANIFOLD source file of this example below (lines numbers have been added) 1 #include MBL.h 2 3 #include rdid.h 4 5 event ping, pong. 6 7 ....

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F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....by supporting task groups, we model more dynamic interaction scenarios than languages that define dependencies in terms of explicit task instances. Another distinguishing feature is the ability to define application specific events, in particular events delimiting phases in task execution. [3] presents the IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities, which has been implemented by the Manifold language [4] This model provides well defined primitives and constructs for synthesizing complex cooperation patterns, carefully separating computation and communication aspects. ....

F. Arbab. "The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities". In Coordination Languages and Models, 1996. vol 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, SpringerVerlag.

....rewriting, message passing, or even HTML, as a powerful language for data exchange but with a weak coordination protocol. In the rest of this section we give an example showing what changes in the passage from a purely concurrent programming style to a coordinated one. The example is from Arbab [14] and it stresses the point in the particular case of his language MANIFOLD. It clarifies in general the question in the case of languages based on message passing models, showing the transition from Milner s CCS to a new coordination oriented version. It must be said, however, that MANIFOLD is not ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. LNCS, 1061, 1996.

....are stored at the receiver side. Thus, if a port in a group disappears, then the sequence of information that has not been read is lost. S Stream ports (S inPort, S outPort, S Blop inPort and S Blop outPort classes) The resulting connection has the same semantics as the S Channel defined in [1] (S for synchronous) This connection always results from the matching of uni directional contradictory oriented ports. In contrast to other connections, this connection never contains data, due to its synchronous nature. KK Stream ports (KK inPort, KK outPort, KK Blop inPort and KK Blop ....

....ports. In contrast to other connections, this connection never contains data, due to its synchronous nature. KK Stream ports (KK inPort, KK outPort, KK Blop inPort and KK Blop outPort classes) The resulting connection has an analogous semantics to the asynchronous KK Channel defined in [1] (K for keep) with its specific semantics (see below) when a port disappears from one end of the connection. As for S Streams, this connection always results from the matching of contradictory oriented ports. If the connection is broken at its consuming port, the next new matching port will ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications, number 1061 in LNCS. Springer Verlag, April 1996.

....Linda s tuple space onto the World Wide Web and Bonita [34] addresses performance issues for the implementation of Linda s in and out primitives. Some research tackles security issues of tuple spaces [38] 31] Other models and languages are based on control oriented approaches (IWIM Manifold [2], 3] ConCoord [22] Darwin [28] message passing paradigms (Actors [1] object oriented techniques (Objective Linda [25] JavaSpaces [37] multi set rewriting schemes (Bauhaus Linda [11] Gamma [4] or Linear Logic (Linear Objects [5] A good overview on coordination models and languages ....

....ports (communication interfaces) these ports are connected to other ports belonging to other agents. This means that an agent has no identifier of other agents. For anonymous communication, connections between ports can be achieved by an external specialized agent (a coordinator agent, like in [2]) or as a result of the matching of ports which depends on port characteristics. Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) has developed several techniques for coordination [23] such as Organizational Structuring techniques (e.g. 39] Multi Agent Planning techniques (e.g. 24] and Negotiation ....

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F. Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications, number 1061 in LNCS. Springer Verlag, April 1996.

....in the field of Open Distributed Processing[3, 7, 11] has recognised the need to distinguish between the behaviour of distributed components and their interaction. The notions of binding[3] and binding object[7] are conceptually equivalent to the coordination primitives in languages like Manifold[1] and ConCoord[6] This paper presents Finesse, a language for describing the interaction of components in open distributed systems. Finesse has evolved out of research in open distributed processing, beginning with the A1 p architecture model[3] and more recently, a semantic model for describing ....

....ability to capture coordination protocols and build increasingly high level abstractions of that coordination. More recently, a number of coordination languages have been based on the idea of building a network of connections between ports and or interfaces, as is done by ConCoord[6] and Manifold[1]. ConCoord in particular has powerful abstraction capabilities and language independence. The primary difference between these languages and Finesse is that Finesse does not use explicit connections between interfaces, with the causal and parameter relationships allowing the optimisation of ....

F. Arbab. The iwim model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models, number 1061 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 1996.

....computing values to be written to its output ports from values read from its input ports. The coordination requirements of a process, such as connecting its ports to ports of other processes through channels are handled by other processes. Examples of the channel based approach are the IWIM model [Arb96], and the ConCoord programming environment [Hol96] Another approach to coordination is medium based coordination. At a very abstract level, all medium based approaches to coordination work on the same principle. There is a common medium, or state space, shared by the processes. Processes can ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, pages 34--56, Cesena, Italy, April 1996. Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1061.

....Communication Orchestrator 2.1 Communication Server The Communication Server manages the communication between the entities in the conceptual model. The general outline of the Communication Server was inspired by the language MANIFOLD and its underlying concepts (see section 3. 1 and [Arb96]) The two most important notions are event and data flow. An event is an asynchronous, non decomposable (atomic) message, broadcasted by the Communication Server or by a constrainable, constraint, solver, or coordinator entity. Raising an event means that it is broadcasted to the environment. An ....

....the design process. 3. 1 Manifold MANIFOLD is a coordination language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperating processes [AHS93] The language is based on the IWIM (Idealized Worker Idealized Manager) model of communication [Arb96]. IWIM separates computation from communication concerns and establishes that no process is responsible for its own communication with other processes. It describes a communication protocol which discriminates between worker processes, which perform a computational task, and manager processes, ....

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, volume 1061, pages 34--56. Springer, 1996.

....paradigms [AHM96, CE96] which provide the synchronization, communication, and creation destruction of computational activities required to orchestrate the individual computations into a coherent system. Examples of coordination paradigms include Gamma [BL93] Linda [CG89] and the IWIM model [Arb96] Messengers is similar in some respects to PoliS [Cia94] a variant of Linda intended to simplify the design of distributed systems by incorporating explicit partitioning of the underlying state space (called a tuple space in the Linda model) One difference is that in PoliS, computational ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, pages 34--56, Cesena, Italy, April 1996. Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1061.

....running in a parallel computing environment. MANIFOLD is a coordination language developed at CWI (Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) in the Netherlands. It is very well suited for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent concurrent cooperating processes [1, 3]. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we introduce the discrete equations under consideration. In Section 3, we describe the concept of sparse grid methods. For this, first standard multigrid methods are described. In Section 4, we briefly describe the sequential ....

....6. 5 The Manifold coordination language In this section, we briefly introduce MANIFOLD: a coordination language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperating processes [1] MANIFOLD is based on the IWIM model of communication [3]. The basic concepts in the IWIM model are processes, events, ports and channels (Sections 5.1 through 5.3) A MANIFOLD application consists of a (potentially very large) number of processes running on a network of heterogeneous hosts, some of which may be parallel systems. Processes in the same ....

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F. Arbab, The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities, in: P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, eds., Coordination Languages and Models, Proceedings of Coordination '96, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1061 (Springer, Berlin, 1996) 34--56.

....of STL STL 1 materializes the separation of concern as it uses a separate language exclusively reserved for coordination purposes and provides primitives which are used in the computation language to interact with the entities to be coordinated. It shares many characteristics with the IWIM [3] model of coordination like ConCoord [13] or Manifold [2] The coordination model of STL comprehends five building blocks which will now be introduced gradually: 1. Processes, as a representation of active entities; 2. Blops, as an abstraction and modularization mechanism for processes and ports; ....

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications, number 1061 in LNCS. Springer Verlag, April 1996.

No context found.

Arbab F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Ciancarini P, Hankin C (eds); Springer-Verlag, April 1996; pp. 34--56.

....data space models. The characteristics of channel based models are attractive from the point of view of coordination. Dataflow models, Kahn networks [12] and Petri nets can be viewed as specialized channel based models that incorporate certain basic constructs for primitive coordination. IWIM [1, 13] is an example of a more elaborate coordination model based on channels, and Manifold [2, 8] is an incarnation of IWIM as a real coordination programming language that supports dynamic reconfiguration of Kahn network topologies. A common strand running through these models is a notion that is ....

....of channels that can be used in Pew makes it easy to construct other coordination models. For instance, we consider how Manifold and a Linda like shared tuple space model can be modeled in Pew in the following two subsections. 14.1 Manifold The constructs in the coordination language Manifold [1, 8] can be described in Pew in a straight forward manner. A port in Manifold is simply a synchronous channel. Following the Manifold s rules of access, the source ends of input ports and the sink ends of output ports are publicized for access from the outside of their owner processes, while their ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34-56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....developed as separate black box pieces of code, perhaps by independent 2. Overview of the executive program HYMAN 3 groups, with no regards for their potential coupling in some future application. Thus, the concept of coordination from outside becomes relevant in practice here. The IWIM model [1], which o#ers a paradigm for exogenous control oriented process coordination, seemes ideally suited for the situation described above. In IWIM, a clear distinction is made between two classes of processes: workers and managers. Worker processes are considered as black boxes with regulated openings ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

.... schemes) and control primitives (such as iterators, fixed points, and conditionals) On the other hand, the concept of coordinating a number of activities, such that they can run concurrently in a parallel and distributed fashion, has recently received wide attention [4, 5] The IWIM model [1, 2] (Ideal Worker Ideal Manager) is based on a complete symmetry between and decoupling of producers and consumers, as well as a clear distinction between the computational and the coordination communication work performed by each process. A direct realization of IWIM in terms of a concrete ....

....of BALI, and remain closer to its formal model. 3. 1 The Coordination Language MANIFOLD MANIFOLD is a language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperative processes [1] MANIFOLD is based on the IWIM model of communication [2]. The basic concepts in the IWIM model (thus also in MANIFOLD) are processes, events, ports, and channels. Its advantages over the Targeted Send Receive model (on which objectoriented programming models and tools such as PVM [13] PARMACS [15] and MPI [7] are based) are discussed in [1, 27] 7 ....

Arbab, F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models (Apr. 1996), P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, Eds., vol. 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 34--56.

....protocols describe the routing of the information between various processes that comprise a concurrent application, and the dynamic changes that take place in such routing networks in reaction to events. MANIFOLD is based on the IWIM (Idealized Worker Idealized Manager) model of communication [19]. The basic concepts in the IWIM model (and thus also in MANIFOLD) are processes, events, ports, and channels (in MANIFOLD called streams) In IWIM, a process can be regarded as a worker process or a manager (or coordinator) process. An application is built as a (dynamic) hierarchy of worker and ....

....advantages. One important advantage is that it results in a clear separation between the modules responsible for computation (the workers) and the modules responsible for coordination (the managers) This strengthens the modularity and enhances the re usability of both types of modules (see [20, 19, 21]) A MANIFOLD application consists of a (potentially very large) number of processes that run as threads bundled up (automatically or under user control) in one or more operating system level processes (called task instances in MANIFOLD) The di#erent task instances in a MANIFOLD application can ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

.... as well as the ability to adapt dynamically (as opposed to having processes with rigid, well defined behaviour) In this paper we use the generic coordination model IWIM (Ideal Worker Ideal Manager) and a specific control oriented event driven coordination language (MANIFOLD) based on IWIM ([3,4]) to model Electronic Commerce activities. Electronic Commerce makes heavy use of all aspects related to coordination technologies, namely communication (between, say, sellers and potential customers) cooperation (as in the case of brokering) or coordination (as in the case of distributed auction ....

.... MANIFOLD MANIFOLD ( 4] is a coordination language which, as opposed to the Linda family of coordination models described in the previous section, is control (rather than data ) driven, and is a realisation of a new type of coordination models, namely the Ideal Worker Ideal Manager (IWIM) one ([3]) In MANIFOLD there are two different types of processes: managers (or coordinators) and workers. A manager is responsible for setting up and taking care of the communication needs of the group of worker processes it controls (non exclusively) A worker on the other hand is completely unaware of ....

F. Arbab, The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities, First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications (Coordination'96), Cesena, Italy (15-17 April, 1996), LNCS 1061, Springer Verlag, pp. 3456.

....and short reference to our future activities. 2 The Coordination Model IWIM and the Language MANIFOLD MANIFOLD is a coordination language which is control (rather than data ) driven, and is a realisation of a new type of coordination models, namely the Ideal Worker Ideal Manager (IWIM) one ([3]) IWIM is a generic, abstract model of communication that supports the separation of responsibilities and encourages a weak dependence of workers (processes) on their environment. Two major concepts in IWIM are separation of concerns and anonymous communication. Separation of concerns means that ....

F. Arbab, "The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities", First International Conference on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications (Coordination'96), Cesena, Italy, 15-17 April, 1996, LNCS 1061, Springer Verlag, pp. 34-56.

....coordination model is the glue that binds separate activities into an ensemble. Manifold is a coordination language [2] for orchestration of concurrent activities in massively parallel and distributed computing environments. Manifold is based on the IWIM (Idealized Worker Idealized Manager) model [1]. It provides a way to describe special processes whose job it is to coordinate the cooperation of several concurrent worker processes in a parallel and or distributed application. This glue language can be used in conjunction with different classical sequential languages (e.g. C, Fortran, etc. ....

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Springer-Verlag, COORDINATION96, number 1061 in LNCS, pages 34--56, April 1996. Cesena (Italy).

....2. An informal overview of MANIFOLD This section is a brief informal overview of the MANIFOLD coordination language. MANIFOLD is a control oriented coordination language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperating processes [5, 3, 4, 10]. Two major concepts in MANIFOLD are separation of concerns and anonymous communication. Separation of concerns means that computation concerns are isolated from the communication and cooperation concerns. Anonymous communication means that the parties engaged in communication with each other need ....

Arbab, F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models (April 1996), P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, Eds., vol. 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 34--56.

....coordination languages, models of communication. 1. Introduction Some of the shortcomings of the common approaches to the design and development of parallel and distributed applications stem from the fundamental properties of the various models of communication used to construct this software[5]. Without a proper programming paradigm for expressing the coordination of the cooperation of various active components that comprise a single concurrent application, programmers are forced to use low level communication constructs, such as message passing, directly in their code. Because these ....

....on the IWIM model of communication developed at CWI. A 2. Two Models of Communication 2 summary of the IWIM model is presented here in x2. An introduction to the MANIFOLD language which is based on that model appears in x3 in this paper. A more detailed description of IWIM and MANIFOLD appear [5], which also contains a review of some related work and a comparison with other coordination models and systems. An overview of an earlier version of the MANIFOLD language and its implementation was published in [2] which contains a series of other examples. The complete syntax and semantics of ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

F. Arbab, "The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities," in: P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin (eds.), Coordination '96, Lecture Notes in Computer Science #1061, Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....between MANIFOLD and processes written in other languages (e.g. C) automatically perform the necessary data format conversions when data is routed between various different machines. 2. 1 Conceptual Model MANIFOLD is based on the Idealized Worker Idealized Manager (IWIM) model of communication[3]. In this section we briefly describe this model and discuss its advantages over the TargetedSend Receive (TSR) model on which object oriented programming models and tools such as PVM[8] PARMACS[10] and MPI[11, 6] are based. The basic concepts in the IWIM model (thus also in MANIFOLD) are ....

....There are four basic stream types designated as BB, BK, KB, and KK, each behaving according to a slightly different protocol with regards to its automatic disconnection from its source or sink. Furthermore, in MANIFOLD, the BK and KB type streams can be declared to be reconnectable. See [2] or [3] for details. 2.4 Events and State Transitions In MANIFOLD, once an event is raised by a process, it continues with its processing, while the event occurrence propagates through the environment independently. Any receiver process that is interested in such an event occurrence will automatically ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Model, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....schemes) and control primitives (such as iterators, guards, fixed points, and conditionals) On the other hand, the concept of coordinating a number of activities, such that they can run concurrently in a parallel and distributed fashion, has recently received wide attention. The IWIM model [1, 2] (Ideal Worker Ideal Manager) is based on a complete symmetry between and decoupling of producers and consumers, as well as a clear Published in Proceedings of 1998 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 98) Special Track on Coordination Models, Languages and Applications, February 27 March ....

....of BALI, and remain closer to its formal model. 3. 1 The Coordination Language MANIFOLD MANIFOLD is a language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperative processes [1] MANIFOLD is based on the IWIM model of communication [2]. The basics concepts in the IWIM model (thus also in MANIFOLD) are processes, events, ports, and channels. Its advantages over the Targeted Send Receive model (on which object oriented programming models and tools such as PVM [11] PARMACS [12] and MPI [5] are based) are discussed in [1, 21] A ....

Arbab, F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models (Apr. 1996), P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, Eds., vol. 1061 of LNCS, Springer-Verlag, pp. 34--56.

....2 An informal overview of MANIFOLD This section is a brief informal overview of the MANIFOLD coordination language. MANIFOLD is a control oriented coordination language for managing complex, dynamically changing interconnections among sets of independent, concurrent, cooperating processes [5,3,4,10]. Two major concepts in MANIFOLD are separation of concerns and anonymous communication. Separation of concerns means that computation concerns are isolated from the communication and cooperation concerns. Anonymous communication means that the parties engaged in communication with each other ....

Arbab, F. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination Languages and Models (April 1996), P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, Eds., vol. 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, pp. 34-- 56.

....between MANIFOLD and processes written in other languages (e.g. C) automatically perform the necessary data format conversions when data is routed between various different machines. 2. 1 Conceptual Model MANIFOLD is based on the Idealized Worker Idealized Manager (IWIM) model of communication[3]. In this section we briefly describe this model and discuss its advantages over the TargetedSend Receive (TSR) model on which object oriented programming models and tools such as PVM[9] PARMACS[11] and MPI[13, 7] are based. The basic concepts in the IWIM model (thus also in MANIFOLD) are ....

....There are four basic stream types designated as BB, BK, KB, and KK, each behaving according to a slightly different protocol with regards to its automatic disconnection from its source or sink. Furthermore, in MANIFOLD, the BK and KB type streams can be declared to be reconnectable. See [2] or [3] for details. 2.4 Events and State Transitions In MANIFOLD, once an event is raised by a process, it continues with its processing, while the event occurrence propagates through the environment independently. Any receiver process that is interested in such an event occurrence will automatically ....

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Paolo Ciancarini and Chris Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Model, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, April 1996.

....supports the separation of computation and coordination responsibilities, and encourages a weak dependence of workers (processes) on their environment. We refer to this generic model as the Idealized Worker Idealized Manager (IWIM) model. More detailed description of this model is given elsewhere [2]. The basic concepts in the IWIM model are processes, events, ports, and channels. A process is a black box with well defined ports of connection through which it exchanges units of information with the other processes in its environment. A port is a named opening in the bounding walls of a ....

F. Arbab, The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities, in Coordination Languages and Models, P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, Eds., LNCS 1061, Springer-Verlag, pp. 34-56, April 1996.

No context found.

F. Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Proc. of the International Conference Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of LNCS, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, 1996.

No context found.

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In P. Ciancarini and C. Hankin, editors, Coordination Languages and Models, volume 1061 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 34--56. Springer-Verlag, June 1996.

No context found.

Farhad Arbab. The IWIM model for coordination of concurrent activities. In Coordination languages and models, volume 1061 of Lecture notes in computer science, pages 34--56, 1996.

No context found.

Arbab F. (1996); The IWIM Model for Coordination of Concurrent Activities. in: Proc. COORD-96, Ciancarini, Hankin (eds.), LNCS 1061, 34-56, Springer.

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