L.G. Roberts, "Data by the packet," IEEE Spectrum, vol. I l, pp. 46-51, Feb. 1974.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....1963 0.42 40.8 kbps 1964 0.34 50.0 kbps 1967 0.33 50.0 kbps 1970 0.168 1971 0.102 1974 0.11 0.026 56.0 kbps 1992 0.00094 0.00007 45 mbps Notes: 1. Costs are based on sending one million bits of data approximately 1200 miles on a path that traverses five routers. Sources: 1960 74 from Roberts (1974). 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. The costs of both communications and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (on a per packet basis) than communications (Roberts (1974) ....

....from Roberts (1974) 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. The costs of both communications and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (on a per packet basis) than communications (Roberts (1974)) but switching has become substantially cheaper since then. We have estimated the 1992 costs for transporting 1 million bits of data through the NSFNET 8 A NOC monitors traffic flow at all nodes in the network and troubleshoots problems. 9 We estimated costs for the network backbone only, ....

Roberts, L. G. (1974). Data by the packet. IEEE Spectrum, XX, 46--51.

....costs, and 50 month amortization at a nominal 10 rate yields a rental cost of about 4900 per month for the router. The costs of both lines and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (per packet) than lines (Roberts (1974)) but switching has since become substantially cheaper. In Table 1 we show estimated 1992 costs for transporting 1 million bits of data through the NSFNET backbone and compare these to estimates for earlier years. As can be seen, in 1992 lines cost about eight times as much as routers. Table 1. ....

....1962 10.00 1963 0.42 40.8 kbps 1964 0.34 50.0 kbps 1967 0.33 50.0 kbps 1970 0.168 1971 0.102 1974 0.11 0.026 56.0 kbps 1992 0.00094 0.00007 45 mbps Notes: 1. Costs are based on sending one million bits of data approximately 1200 miles on a path that traverses five routers. Sources: 1960 74 from Roberts (1974). 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. The structure of the NSFNET backbone directly reflects its costs: lots of cheap routers manage a limited number of expensive lines. We illustrate a portion of the network in Figure 1. Each numbered square is an RS6000 ....

Roberts, L. G. (1974). Data by the packet. IEEE Spectrum, XX, 46--51.

....concern in communications was cost effective use of the transmission medium. This was done by providing sophisticated error detection and recovery procedures because of the frequent occurrence of transmission errors in the communications medium and, less frequently, losses at the switching nodes [12] [14] With the recent rapid improvements in data transmission and switching technologies, and the widespread installation of fiber, this concern shifted to increasing software processing speeds. These advances also increased the need to recover from congestion induced losses when large volumes ....

. L. Roberts. "Data by the Packet". IEEE Spectrum 11, 2 (February 1974), 46-51.

....1962 10.00 1963 0.42 40.8 kbps 1964 0.34 50.0 kbps 1967 0.33 50.0 kbps 1970 0.168 1971 0.102 1974 0.11 0.026 56.0 kbps 1992 0.00094 0.00007 45 mbps Notes: 1. Costs are based on sending one million bits of data approximately 1200 miles on a path that traverses five routers. Sources: 1960 74 from Roberts (1974). 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. 11 A NOC monitors traffic flow at all nodes in the network and troubleshoots problems. 12 We estimated costs for the network backbone only, defined to be links between common carrier Points of Presence (POPs) and the ....

....nor for the terminal costs of setting up the packets or tearing them apart at the destination. The costs of both communications and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (on a per packet basis) than communications (Roberts (1974)) but switching has become substantially cheaper since then. 13 We have estimated the 1992 costs for transporting 1 million bits of data through the NSFNET backbone and compare these to estimates for earlier years in Table 1. As can be seen in 1992 the line cost is about eight times as large as ....

Roberts, L. G. (1974). Data by the packet. IEEE Spectrum, XX, 46--51.

....1962 10.00 1963 0.42 40.8 kbps 1964 0.34 50.0 kbps 1967 0.33 50.0 kbps 1970 0.168 1971 0.102 1974 0.11 0.026 56.0 kbps 1992 0.00094 0.00007 45 mbps Notes: 1. Costs are based on sending one million bits of data approximately 1200 miles on a path that traverses five routers. Sources: 1960 74 from Roberts (1974). 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. The costs of both communications and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (on a per packet basis) than communications (Roberts (1974) ....

....from Roberts (1974) 1992 calculated by the authors using data provided by Merit Network, Inc. The costs of both communications and switching have been dropping rapidly for over three decades. In the 1960s, digital computer switching was more expensive (on a per packet basis) than communications (Roberts (1974)) but switching has become substantially cheaper since then. We have estimated the 1992 costs for transporting 1 million bits of data through the NSFNET 9 A NOC monitors traffic flow at all nodes in the network and troubleshoots problems. 10 We estimated costs for the network backbone only, ....

Roberts, L. G. (1974). Data by the packet. IEEE Spectrum, XX, 46--51.

No context found.

L.G. Roberts, "Data by the packet," IEEE Spectrum, vol. I l, pp. 46-51, Feb. 1974.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC