ARNOTT, R. AND SMALL, K. (1994) The economics of traffic congestion. American Scientist 82, 446455.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a recent review of the traffic assignment problem and [12] for a recent volume of papers on road pricing. The traditional objective of congestion pricing has been to determine link tolls which will cause the solution of the tolled user optimal problem to be optimal for the untolled system problem [1]. In most of the lit1 2 erature, the one choice given has been the vector of marginal social cost pricing tolls. Recently, in [3] we have introduced the notion of a toll set, i.e. the set of all tolls which accomplish this objective for a given problem instance. A primary result concerns the ....

....certain functions derived from this map. 1.2.2 Theory of Toll Pricing and Prior Results Suppose that every user of a given arc a on a traffic is charged an amount M a of toll (if this number is negative, then the user receives a subsidy) in dollars. Assuming that R is the value (in =min, see [1]) of a unit of time to a given user, then the effective delay as perceived by that user on arc a is given by s a (v) M a =R. Letting fi a = M a =R, the effective time delay experienced by all users of the network is given by: s fi (v) s(v) fi; where fi is the vector whose components are fi ....

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R. Arnott and K. Small, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, Vol. 82, 1994, 446-455.

....and the number of ATM switches between transmitter and receiver in the range of 4 (corresponding to a fullymeshed, core edge topology) to 8, we postulate the following utility as a function of delay at a 2 Some limited information can occasionally be obtained. For instance, Arnott and Small [1] have studied the economics of highway traffic and through drivers actions have been able to determine their willingness to pay for saved travel time. 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0 20 40 60 80 100 T2 (100 ms delay 160 ms) Video Application Utility Function T1 ....

Richard Arnott and Kenneth Small. The Economics of Traffic Congestion. American Scientist, 82:446--455, September/October 1994.

....As traffic congestion increasingly becomes a problem facing modern cities, new life is being given to an idea long proposed by transportation economists: the tolling of congested urban streets, especially during peak traffic periods. Arnott and Small, in a recent excellent popular article [2], have discussed the pros and cons of congestion pricing, noting, in particular, that modern technology makes the electronic collection of tolls possible. Primary questions in the analysis of congestion tolling include which streets to toll, for how much, and with what objective. As noted in [2] ....

....[2] have discussed the pros and cons of congestion pricing, noting, in particular, that modern technology makes the electronic collection of tolls possible. Primary questions in the analysis of congestion tolling include which streets to toll, for how much, and with what objective. As noted in [2] the predominant idea is to set tolls, on possibly every street, according to the policy of marginal social cost pricing, with the objective of obtaining a traffic pattern which optimizes the collective use of the network. The purpose of this paper is to define and characterize mathematically the ....

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R. Arnott and K. Small, The Economics of Traffic Congestion, American Scientist, Vol. 82, 1994, pp. 446-455.

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ARNOTT, R. AND SMALL, K. (1994) The economics of traffic congestion. American Scientist 82, 446455.

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