R. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X window system. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....messages. The next layer up provides functions for synchronisation of data shared in a collaboration session (e.g. text buffer, fine grain locking unlocking for concurrent user access) On top of this, resides what we call the Co X layer , which inherits the capabilities for X Window widgets [45] utilised by tools or applications, and adds methods and structures that extend the X client server protocol to work with the underlying virtual network and data synchronisation services. Finally, the tool application layer represents the subsystems that offer users collaborative access, such as ....

.... them is still opportunity for substantial improvement, through the introduction of new For subsystems that use conventional terminal displays, this is trivial when using Xterm windows, whereas if the subsystem utilises a graphic display buffer, conversion to X Window protocols is necessary [45] 365 executableclass, dbschema mag 2X Database Schema Editor Select s I File Edit Option Schema Magnify z Edit E Class c Value Method M Sup Attribute Is A Meth. Me sCtion Me I U Fig. 2 A database schema editor tools and methods that can more readily facilitate the rapid ....

SCHEIFLER, R., and GETTYS, J.: 'The X Window system', ACM Trans. Graphics, 1986, $, (2), pp. 79-109

....ser interface (GUI) library, so that GUI objects are execu7P on a host in front of theup; while other objects are on a remote high erformance host. The resuW73; rogram roduPP by Addistant achieves good erformance. Althou gh the same e#ects can be achieved byu sing the X Window System[18], which enables the rogram to show windows on a remote dis lay,ou r ex eriments showed that Addistant cou ld achieve better res onse time of the GUI than the X Window System. This is becau e the X Window 238 Michiaki Tatsubori et al. System implements distribup; n at the level of r u time ....

....that GUI objects are allocated on a remote host and theup P can interact with the software thro u h the GUI shown on a remote display. The Swing class library is a GUI library inclu ded in the standard Javaru ntime environment.Althou7 the same e#ects can be achieved with the X Window system[18], Addistant can achieve better performance since drawing operations are directly performed on the host with a display. This is typical benefit of fu73JJ nal distribu3P n. The X Window system needs network commup tion for every primitive drawing operation and hence commu J; tion overheads tend ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Robert Scheifler and Jim Gettys, The X Window System, In ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol.5, No.2, pp.79--109, 1986.

....display layout, space allocation, window management, overlap avoidance. 1. INTRODUCTION Graphics systems commonly provide a representation of the space occupied by the elements of a scene. These representations are often hierarchical, and are typified by the window trees of 2D window systems [14], and the bounding volume hierarchies of 3D graphics packages and renderers [4, 10] A variety of operations, such as rendering, clipping, and collision detection, depend on these representations for efficiency. There are many situations in which we would like to allocate space for an object, ....

Scheifler, R. and Gettys, J. The X Window System. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 5 (2), 1986, 79--109.

....chosen is acceptable to our users. We are exploring window system level sharing for Windows NT[9] Toolkit based replication The window applications that we write at SRC use Trestle[17] a Modula 3 based[20] window system independent, objectoriented toolkit, currently implemented on top of X[26] and Windows NT. Trestle was designed to make it easy for applications to handle screen layout, and to facilitate teleportation. Because more of the program semantics are available at the toolkit level than at the window system level, we can provide a more seamless illusion of window sharing. For ....

Robert Scheifler and James Gettys. X Window System (Third Edition). Digital Press, Burlington, MA, 1992.

....movement allows the integration of new devices. Although analogous techniques for moving data and interfaces exist in single node OS s and toolkits, applying the ideas to ubiquitous computing requires generalizing them in important ways. Traditional GUI OS s and toolkits such as Win32 and X11 [25] have long relied on a clipboard metaphor to enable data communication between applications not designed to interoperate. Typically, a data producer must post data in multiple formats: its native format, plus one or two canonical formats guaranteed to be understood by other applications. For ....

Bob Scheifler and Jim Gettys. The X Window System. MIT Press, 1987.

....and the job possibly spreads out to distant nodes. Currently, the only way to integrate an existing program in a Guide application is to encapsulate it into a Guide object and to provide an interface to it in the form of a Guide type. This has been done, for instance, with the X Window server [Scheifler 86] which can now be used by any Guide application. 6. EXPERIENCE At the time of writing, the Guide language has been in experimental use for about six months. Programs in Guide have been run on the first version of the Guide operating system, totaling about 7000 lines of source code. We report ....

Scheifler R.W., Gettys J., The X Window system, ACM Trans. on Graphics, vol. 5, 2 (apr. 1986), pp. 79-109

....been a fundamental part of computer user interfaces for the last 25 years. From the mid 1970 s to the mid 1980 s, there was much research on window systems [2, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22] By the mid1980 s, Unix and MacOS window management had converged on the desktop metaphor with overlapped windows [18]. This metaphor has served the computer industry well for 15 years, making it possible for many new users to use computers effectively. The desktop metaphor has changed little since it was created. However, the way computers are used has changed significantly. The growing range of applications ....

Scheifler, R.W., and Gettys, J., The X window system, ACM TOG, 5(2), April 1986, 79-109.

....implications of the the interaction between the Nagle algorithm and the delayed acknowledgment mechanism. The effect occurs in contexts besides NNTP. Early examples including the use of multi byte function keys in interactive terminal sessions [18] and the interactive X window system [17]. In both of these cases, implementors quickly realized the need to disable the Nagle algorithm [3] More recently, the introduction in HTTP of persistent connections (the use of a single TCP connections for several HTTP requests) has led several researchers [4, 10] to similar conclusions. In ....

R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X Window System. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.

....box : 23 3 1 Introduction The development of graphical user interfaces for applications on a graphical workstation can be time consuming and tedious. To speed up the development of graphical user interfaces under the X Window System [Scheifler 86, Scheifler 90] the Xt Toolkit was developed [Asente 90] The Xt Toolkit provides the user interface developer (who may not be a programmer) with a set of user interface objects (also called Widgets) and a set of routines to create and manipulate them (called the Intrinsics) These objects provide facilities ....

Robert Scheifler and James Gettys. X Window System. DEC Press, 2nd edition, 1990.

....Computer , the User Interface Management System GINA (Generic Interactive Application) is developed at GMD. It facilitates the creation of uniform, direct manipulative user interfaces. The Assisting Computer architecture is based on standard components, such as UNIX, the X Window System [Scheifler86, McCormack88] and the OSF Motif toolkit [Berlage91] Motif is a library of standard interface objects developed by the Open Software Foundation, an industry consortium. Programming languages supported by GINA are C and Common Lisp with CLOS (the Common Lisp Object System) It is one of the goals of the GINA ....

Robert W. Scheifler, Jim Gettys, The X Window System, ACM Trans. Graph. 5, 2 (1986), pp. 79-109

....from the operating system to the user interface. The base system consists of the DEC ELX TM real time kernel and 6 associated device drivers. ELX is a derivative of VxWorks TM, a real time kernel by Wind River Systems. The display functionality is provided by an X Windows System (X11R6) server [SG1992] and the FVWM window manager, both of which were extended to allow switching between portrait and landscape orientations. An AudioFile server [AF1993] allows audio input and output. AudioFile is the audio equivalent of the X Windows server. Pen control software converts pen events into mouse ....

Robert Scheifler and James Gettys. X Window System (Third Edition). Digital Press, Burlington, MA, 1992.

....of New Jersey (SML NJ) eXene is implemented on top of Concurrent ML (CML) Rep90, Rep91a] This document is not an introduction to X windows, SML, or CML; it assumes a working knowledge of all of these systems. The reader should be familiar with X windows at the level of Xlib (see [Nye90b] or [SG92] for information) in general, we do not describe the semantics of an eXene operation or type when it is the same as in Xlib. For information about SML see [Pau91] CML is described in detail, including a language tutorial, in [Rep90] and a formal description of its semantics can be found in ....

....their related character metrics follow the standard X model. However, in eXene, font information is viewed as logically part of the font; there is no separate font information data structure. Figure 5.1 gives the types and operations related to the character metrics of fonts. Look in [Nye90b] or [SG92] for an explanation of the different character metrics. The function charInfoOf returns information about the give character (specified as an ordinal) it raises the the exception NoCharInfo if the integer argument does not correspond to a character in the font. The function textWidth returns the ....

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Scheifler, R. W. and J. Gettys. The X Window System. Digital Press, 3rd edition, 1992.

....another. Current popular window systems were designed under the assumption that a given window would only be displayed on a single workstation throughout its lifetime. Many attempts have been made to design window sharing and migration systems on top of existing window systems. The X Window System[9] is most often the underlying window system of choice, because it uses a network protocol that is easy to intercept and route to multiple workstations. Unfortunately, there are aspects of the X protocol that make it unsuitable as a basis for implementing natural window sharing and migration ....

Robert Scheifler and James Gettys. X Window System. Digital Press, Bedford, MA, 2nd edition, 1990.

....implications of the the interaction between the Nagle algorithm and the delayed acknowledgment mechanism. The effect occurs in contexts besides NNTP. Early examples including the use of multi byte function keys in interactive terminal sessions [18] and the interactive X window system [17]. In both of these cases, implementors quickly realized the need to disable the Nagle algorithm [3] More recently, the introduction in HTTP of persistent connections (the use of a single TCP connections for several HTTP requests) has led several researchers [4, 10] to similar conclusions. In ....

R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X Window System. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.

....be crucial to the look and feel of applications, making a system acceptable or unacceptable to a user group. We doubt that the developers of a visualization environment will be able to foresee all potential uses of widgets for all applications. Just as X provides mechanisms rather than policies [6], visual programming environments should provide a framework to which many different styles of interaction can be attached. Acknowledgments Thanks to all permanent and temporary members of the Visualization Group (Ingrid Carlbom, Richard Szeliski, William Hsu, Keith Waters, David Tonnesen, ....

R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X Window System. ACM Trans. Graphics 5(2): 79-109, April, 1986.

....and provide a device independent, network transparent interface for the applications to use. The type servers follow established application programming interface (API) standards as far as possible allowing standard applications to operate without modification. For example, a modified X11R6 [SG91] server provides access to the pad s screen. Similarly, the audio server is built using AudioFile [LPG 93] the video server is built on top of the Continuous Media Toolkit [RPSL94] and the handwriting recognizer provides an interface based on a Sun Microsystems API [Kem93] For some of the ....

W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. X Window System. Digital Press, Bedford, MA, 1991.

....Another way can be to use. Tcl Tk in combination with XF. 1. 3 Why use Tcl Tk Tcl Tk is a package containing a shell like interpreted language (Tcl) and a Motif TM like 1 widget set (Tk) It runs under various UNIX TM 2 environments, and is based upon the X window system TM3 [19]. The handling of Tcl as an implementation language is very easy, and Tk provides an easy access to the implementation of graphical user interfaces. Compared to interfaces implemented with traditional widget sets, the code written in Tk is usually much 1 MOTIF is a registered trademark of the ....

Robert Scheifler and James Gettys. X Window System (Second Edition). Digital Press, 1990.

....and the first 10 versions were designed and maintained by a very small number of people. Since then, X has become an industry standard, and a consortium of vendors has almost completely taken control of the project. A detailed description of the history of X and its architecture is contained in [24, 40]. This test compares a purely network load based policy with a hybrid CPU and network load based policy. We perform this test with two machine speeds (one for each the client and the server) a slow 8MHz 80486 and a fast 33MHz 80486. The 8MHz 80486 is identical to the 33MHz 80486 except the ....

R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. X Window System. Digital Press, 1992.

....can choose between several different user interface management systems like InterViews [LVC89, LCI 92] fresco [X C94] motif [Ber91] Tcl Tk [Wel95] or ET [Wei92] none of these systems is portable between different operating systems. Most of them are fixed to the X Window system [SG86, O R90] All of them provide a large number of dialog objects, i.e. a large number of object classes like buttons or sliders. The complexity of the interface is further increased by the diversity of the individual objects (push buttons, check buttons, As a consequence, the training ....

Scheifler R. W., Gettys J.: The X Window System. ACM TOG 5, 2 (Apr. 1986), 79--109.

....of everyday contexts, it seems reasonable that similar skills might be utilized in 2D graphical user interfaces and might well enhance performance, intuition, and enjoyment. This paper describes the initial stages of a project for haptic augmentation of standard GUI elements of the X Window System [10]. The device used to provide force feedback is a 1.0 workspace PHANToM [4] with encoder gimbal, made by SensAble Technologies, Inc. This device (see Figure 1) is a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) position input 3 DOF force output device with a stylus grip; the switch mounted on the stylus is mapped by ....

SCHEIFLER, R. W., AND GETTYS, J. X Window System, third ed. Digital Press, Burlington, MA, 1992.

.... in manipulating RGB color coding in a consistent and intuitive way, and by the recent interest in different kinds of color models (among which are opponent models) in computer graphics research [Meyer Greenberg 1980, Naiman 1985, Rogers 1985, Turkowski 1986, Robertson O Callaghan 1986, Scheifler Gettys 1992]. Rogers 1985] points out that RGB and all of the linear transforms thereof (CIE XYZ, YIQ, CMY) are difficult for users to specify subjective color concepts in. A closer look at the properties of RGB representations provides independent evidence. The RGB color solid has the shape of a unit cube, ....

Scheifler, Robert W. and Gettys, James (1992), X Window System (third ed.), (Digital Press).

.... application with local storage) there are two central models currently used for distributed graphics applications: ffl Remote application with local display server (Interface between layers 4 and 3) One alternative possible for high bandwidth networks is to define a front end server (a la X [20]) which provides the necessary primitives for realizing an object s interface behavior. The behavior itself is realized by the object at an SDS site, where it can exploit all resources of a stationary computer. Only primitive requests are sent to the MDT. Within the expressive power of the ....

Scheifler, R.W., Gettys, J. The X Window System. Digital Press, 1992.

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R. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X window system. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.

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R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X window system. ACM Trans. Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.

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R.W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. The X window system. ACM Trans. Graphics, 5(2):79--109, April 1986.

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