R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April 1996. 11  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....may falsely report that a safety property may be violated, although it can never miss a violation. This is in contrast with our approach that always provides correct answers. Apart from these (tool oriented) approaches, several temporal logics for object oriented systems have been defined [15, 23, 12, 9], that, however, do not support primitives for the birth and death of objects; most of these logic rely on higher order logics to deal with class hierarchies and are aimed at theorem proving. 7 Conclusions and future work In this paper we presented an extension of LTL that deals with the notions ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll: A language for objectoriented specification of information systems. ACM Tr. on Inf. Sys., 14(2):175--211, 1996.

....formal specifications. While formal methods offer rigour and accu racy of specifications, the generated prototypes allows for a straightforward validation. Algebraic specification languages, like OBJ [3] FOOPS [4] Maude [5] as well as information systems specification languages, like TROLL [6], Albert [7] Oblog [8] and OASIS [9] allow to animate the specification is such a way that they are executable. Most of them are in a mature state and have provided commercial automatic tools, see [10] 11] 12] But one of the problem remains: the prototype is still throw away. As ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas, "TROLL -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems," A CM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 175-211, Apr. 1996.

....frameworks is only now maturing into a usable science. Recent research has led to a few proposals establishing a link between time, e.g. temporal logic) and object orientation. Proposals were made in different domains such as object oriented database systems [2] information systems [3], object oriented real time systems [4] and object oriented distributed applications [5] Although various temporal models have been proposed for the analysis of the requirements of object oriented systems [3,6 11] there is no similar amount of theoretical work for the design and ....

.... in different domains such as object oriented database systems [2] information systems [3] object oriented real time systems [4] and object oriented distributed applications [5] Although various temporal models have been proposed for the analysis of the requirements of object oriented systems [3,6 11] there is no similar amount of theoretical work for the design and implementation phase. While the requirements analysis deals with the question what is a system supposed to do , the design stage is concerned with how it is to be implemented. The major contributions of this paper are a formal ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Jungclaus R, Saake G, Hartmann T, Sernadas C. TROLL---a language for object-oriented specification of information systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 1996; 14(2):175--211.

....which emphasize the consideration of concrete example during requirements engineering. OASIS 3.0 (Open and Active Specification of Information Systems) 6] is a formal approach to specify conceptual models following an object oriented approach. Other works with much alike motivation are TROLL [3, 4] and Oblog [12] Some differences with our work are the formal approach used and the expressiveness and functionality offered by the animation environment. Our aim has been to produce an environment for developing quality software specifications showing the following characteristics: The ....

Jungclaus R., Saake G., Hartmann T., Sernadas C.TROLL - A Language for Object-Oriented Spe- cification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 14, Number 2, pages 175-211, April 1995.

....TAND and AND connectives. Introduction Much work has been done to represent and reason temporal knowledge in a wide range of disciplines; including artificial intelligence[i] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] databases[7] 8] 9] program verification[10] and software requirements specification languages[11] 12][13]. Temporal knowledge representation models introduced so far can be grouped into two: namely point based and interval based temporal models. In point based models time is represented by points in a real line. Time intervals are considered as set of time points in a real line bounded by start and ....

....junction) occurs after the event signal(red, junction) In Templar, temporal predicates can take temporal operators such as alwaysin the future, sometimes in the future, for time, within time. However relative temporal knowledge is represented using the clauses before, while and after. TROLL[13] employs existing temporal operators and the predicates before and after . TELOS[l l] uses a slightly modified version of Allen s temporal relations to represent temporal knowledge. These show the importance of incomplete relative temporal knowledge in software requirements specifications. The ....

. Jungclaus, R., Saake, G., Hartmann, T. and Sernadas, C. (1996) TROLL- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2), 175-211.

....access to the concepts involved. Our approach is based on experiences in developing the Oblog family of languages and their semantic foundations [SSE87] Oblog is being developed into a commercial product [ESDI93] In the academic realm, there are two related developments: Troll [HSJ 94, JSHS95, HJ95, SJH93] and Gnome [SR94] The common semantic basis is temporal logic. In the Troll project, the Troll and omTroll languages and the Tbench system are being developed. The languages are designed for specifying object systems on a high level of abstraction. Troll is a textual and omTroll is ....

....theory. Its goal is to provide a basis for complete semantic description of Troll and its foreseeable extensions, especially towards full concurrency. An integration of these parts in a complete syntactic and semantic description of Troll is beyond the scope of this paper. 2 Troll Troll [JSHS95, HSJ 94] is a formal language for the specification of object systems on a high level of abstraction. The basic ideas and concepts of Troll can be characterized as follows: The basic building blocks of information systems are objects [SFSE89] Objects encapsulate an internal state that ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1995. To appear

....methods. Some formal specification languages have already object oriented extensions e.g. VDM [DK92] MooZ [MC90] Even with this adaption of object orientation they still cope with a low level of abstraction. We decided to apply the formal and object oriented specification language Troll [JSHS96] The Troll approach incorporates many ideas which have been developed over the past 8 years. Much work in the theoretical foundations [SSE87, ESS88, EJDS94, DE95, ES95] and on methodological [SJ92, SJH93, HJ95] issues has been done. The Troll approach supports the declarative specification of ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1996. To appear.

....may falsely report that a safety property may be violated, although it can never miss a violation. This is in contrast with our approach that always provides correct answers. Apart from these (tool oriented) approaches, several temporal logics for object oriented systems have been defined [15, 23, 12, 9], that, however, do not support primitives for the birth and death of objects; most of these logic rely on higher order logics to deal with class hierarchies and are aimed at theorem proving. 7 Conclusions and future work In this paper we presented an extension of LTL that deals with the notions ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll: A language for objectoriented specification of information systems. ACM Tr. on Inf. Sys., 14(2):175--211, 1996.

....explicitly. The contributions of contracts are: firstly, to generalize inter object relationships to multiobject dependencies; secondly, to capture the non temporal behavioral dependencies between cooperating objects; and thirdly, to provide a formalism for their abstraction. 3.2. 2 TROLL TROLL [JHSS96] is a specification language for information systems (reactive systems with a large database) The view of the real world to be specified (thus, the system) is seen as a collection of interacting objects. Collections of objects are further structured using the concepts of classification, ....

Jungclaus, R., Hartmann, T., Saake, G., Sernadas, C., TROLL: A language for object-oriented specification of information systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Apr) 1996, pp.175-211.

....enable execution autonomy by a minimum of replication. This paper only gives a brief overview concerning the development of distributed information systems based on object oriented structures. 1 Motivation In the development of information systems, objectoriented specification (e.g. Troll [ Jungclaus et al. 1995 ] is useful for conceptually modeling of the universe of discourse. Viewing an information system as a collection of communicating objects is close to the intuitive perception of such systems on a conceptual level. A uniform lifecycle model of objects (or agents) covers the description of ....

....to data model operations, e.g. creation, deletion, migration of objects and object classes. Behavioral features, e.g. processes, synchronization and transactions, are not regarded. Mandatory structural features of objectoriented database systems and information systems as pointed out in i.e. Jungclaus et al. 1995; Cattel, 1994; Ahmed et al. 1991; Rumbaugh et al. 1991; Atkinson et al. 1990 ] are ffl class types, ffl objects with a global, immutable and system wide unique object identity, ffl object classes, ffl specialized classes supporting semantic inheritance [ Saake, 1993 ] ffl component ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1995. To appear.

....methods. Several formal specification languages have already object oriented extensions e.g. VDM [9] MooZ [36] Even with this adaption of object orientation they still cope with a low level of abstraction. We decided to apply the formal and object oriented specification language Troll [30, 20]. The Troll approach incorporates many ideas which have been developed over the past 8 years. Much work in the theoretical foundations [43, 12, 10, 7, 11] and on methodological [41, 42, 21] issues has been done. The Troll approach supports the declarative specification of conceptual models. It ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211 (1996).

....and dynamic features is integrated in object descriptions. Theses object descriptions are the basic building blocks of system specifications. Troll supports different abstractions, such as classes, inheritance, static and dynamic specialization, composition, etc. The latest published version is (Jungclaus et al. 1995). A new version, still under development, emphasizes distribution and concurrency (Hartel 1996) In this paper, we elaborate on distribution ideas that are being discussed for inclusion in the next Troll version. The emphasis here is on theoretical foundations rather than language features. We ....

Jungclaus, R. and Saake, G. and Hartmann, T. and Sernadas, C. (1995) Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April.

....obviating the proof obligations for the modified programs. Using Dynamic Logic. Instead of Dynamic Logic, we could have chosen to use an alternative logic in which we could have directly expressed the dynamic properties in which we are interested. In particular, languages such as TR [2] and TROLL [16], and languages with a temporal semantics like DESIRE [27] and METATEM [13] have a tracesemantics, in which program equivalence is determined not just by pairs of input output states, but by the entire behavioural trace of the program. We see an important trade off here. On the one hand such ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, Th. Hartmann, and C. Sernades. TROLL- a language for objectoriented specification of information systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April 1996.

....part of) KBSs. We have analyzed related work in information system development, databases and software engineering. Approaches have been selected that enable the user to specify control and dynamics. The approaches we have chosen are: Language for Conceptual Modelling (LCM, 18] and TROLL ([19]) as examples from the information systems area. Both languages provide means to express the dynamics of complex systems. Transaction Logic ( 20] Propositional) Dynamic Database Logic (PDDL, 21] and DDL [22] as examples for logic programming and database update languages which provide ....

....language TROLL is aimed at the specification of object oriented information systems. TROLL is based on many sorted first order temporal logic, and its semantics is defined by translating TROLL constructs to Object Specification Logic [64] There are various versions of the language: TROLL [19], TROLLlight [65] and the version described in Jungclaus thesis [66] on which our discussion is based. 4.4.1 Syntax of TROLL TROLL provides a very rich syntax, aimed at a user friendly way of specifying object oriented systems. In the current subsection, we will first briefly describe some key ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas, "TROLL---a language for object-oriented specification of information systems," ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol. 14, pp. 175--211, Apr. 1996.

.... the work has been mainly focussed on developing semantic foundations for the specification of objects and their dynamic behavior, see for instance [EDS93] In connection with this, a number of object specification languages has evolved, e.g. Albert [DDP93] LCM [FW93] Troll [HSJ 94, JSHS95] In addition, proving of object properties based on their specification has been investigated and several logics and calculi have been proposed for this purpose (e.g. CE94, FM91] In order to achieve a high acceptance for applying object specification techniques in practice, it is necessary to ....

....For discussing the generation of ECA rules from object specification we introduce an example specification. It is a small universe of discourse consisting of one or more bank objects and account objects belonging to these banks. As specification language we employ the language Troll [HSJ 94, JSHS95] which offers a wide spectrum of modeling concepts for describing structure of objects as well as object dynamics (see also [Saa93] Here, we focus on a number of basic concepts in order not to overload our presentation. In Figure 1 Troll specifications for a class of bank objects and a class of ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for ObjectOriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1995. To appear.

.... logic OSL [SSC92] Basically, the temporal logic used is a variant of linear temporal logic as used successfully in system specification [FM91, MP92] For textual presentation of object specifications, we use a notation close to the syntactical conventions of the languages TROLL [SJH93, JSHS95, HSJ 94] and Oblog [SSE87] Here, we focus on a few basic concepts and omit all language features not relevant for the problem handled in this paper. 3.1 Specification In TROLL like languages, an object template specification mainly consists out of two parts: a signature section which lists ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1995. To appear.

....with attributes, local actions and action guards, and system transactions that are realized by a finite set of communicating objects as represented by the transaction decomposition table. LCM was designed with this purpose in mind but other formal languages can also do the job, such as Troll [21, 31] or Oblog [39] One of the benefits of combining formal specification techniques with semi formal techniques is the increased usability of the formal techniques. Because semi formal techniques are actually used on a larger scale than formal techniques, another benefit is that the attempt to define ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A language for object-oriented specification of information systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April 1996.

....J. Kusch and G. Saake Institut fur Technische Informationssysteme, Abteilung Datenbanken, Otto von Guericke Universitat Magdeburg, D 39106 Magdeburg, Germany, E Mail: fkusch saakeg iti.cs. uni magdeburg.de In the development of information systems, object oriented specification (e.g. Troll [4]) is useful for conceptually modeling of the universe of discourse. Viewing an information system as a collection of communicating objects is close to the intuitive perception of such systems on a conceptual level. Nowadays complex information systems (e.g. knowledge bases) have to be flexible to ....

....which are getting increasingly important by a new generation of parallel hardware clusters [3] This position paper emphasizes on the structural aspects of the object model. Mandatory structural features of object oriented database systems and information systems as pointed out in i.e. [4, 1] are object identity, types and classes, type and class hierarchies, complex objects and views. Operationalizing this structures, we propose three levels on which autonomy has to be considered: Operational level: Due to the increase of hardware performance, the schema catalog of an ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1995. To appear.

....appropriate. Currently, the (temporal) specification of information systems has become a popular research area based on a clean and well understood theory (cf. e.g. KM89, FM91, EDS93] Several specification languages like ALBERT [DDP93] LCM [Wie91, FW93] OBLOG [SSE87, SSG 91] and TROLL [JSHS96] have been developed for supporting the specification of objects and their dynamic behaviour based on temporal or dynamic logics. Of course there are other formal approaches to specifying dynamic behaviour of objects. For instance, conditional term rewriting [Mes93] is another way of describing ....

....Account(AcctNo) Transfer(AcctNo1:nat, AcctNo2:nat, M:money) enabled in(Account(AcctNo1) Acct) and in(Account(AcctNo2) Acct) and M 0.00 calling Account(AcctNo1) Withdrawal(M) Account(AcctNo2) Deposit(M) end object class Bank Figure 1: A specification of bank objects. cf. JSHS96] First, there are structural concepts for modelling different kinds of relationships between objects (like is a relationships, inheritance, aggregation, etc. Second, there is the concept of attributes for giving an internal structure to objects. Attributes have values which determine the ....

R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 1996. To appear.

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April 1996. 11

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. TROLL -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, Apr. 1996.

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll: A language for objectoriented specification of information systems. ACM Tr. on Inf. Sys., 14(2):175--211, 1996.

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. TROLL -- a language for object-oriented specification of information systems. ACM Trans. on Inf. Sys., 14(2):175--211, 1996.

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll -- A Language for Object-Oriented Specification of Information Systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 14(2):175--211, April 1996.

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R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, T. Hartmann, and C. Sernadas. Troll: A language for objectoriented specification of information systems. ACM Tr. on Inf. Sys., 14(2):175--211, 1996.

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