| Sarah Gibson, Christina Fyock, Eric Grimson, Takeo Kanade, Rob Kikinis, Hugh Lauer, Neil McKenzie, Andrew Mor, Shin Nakajima, Hide Ohkami, Randy Osborne, Joseph Samosky, and Akira Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2):121--132, 1998. |
....enhancing our understanding of complex structures, and increasing the level of immersion in a virtual environment. They have been shown to be an effective means of human system communication for several scientific and engineering applications, including molecular docking [3] surgical training [7], virtual prototyping [14] and manipulation of nano materials [22] In this paper, we examine their use in providing a natural, intuitive user interface for engaging in creative processes with computer systems. By creative process, we refer to any activity that involves translating creative ....
S. F. Gibson. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2), 1998.
....using an explicit integration scheme. Interactive simulation of dynamic elastic models exclusively for superquadric shapes was considered by Ramanathan and Metaxas [31] Volumetric and voxel based modeling approaches for surgical simulation have also been considered, e.g. by Gibson et al. [13]. 3 Linear Elastostatic Boundary Model Preliminaries Linear elastostatic objects are essentially three dimensional linear springs, and as such they are useful modeling primitives for physically based simulations. The unfamiliar reader might consult a suitable background reference before ....
Sarah Gibson, Christina Fyock, Eric Grimson, Takeo Kanade, Rob Kikinis, Hugh Lauer, Neil McKenzie, Andrew Mor, Shin Nakajima, Hide Ohkami, Randy Osborne, Joseph Samosky, and Akira Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2):121--132, 1998.
....of length of the springs, but also on the variation of angle between spring directions) Although in this case the user interactions are driven by surgical instruments (including tissue cutting) no force feedback is used. The simulator of knee arthroscopic surgery developed by Gibson et al.[19], takes into account the volumetric nature of the organs with a deformation law derived from spring mass model. While these approaches allow interactive rates, they exhibit a lack of realism since they represent a solid as a discreet set of masses. The continuum mechanics theory establishes a set ....
S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky, and A. Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2):121132, 1998.
....numerical analysis. 1 Introduction Due to recent advancements in physically based modeling, simulation techniques have been increasingly used to improve the quality and efficiency in the generation of computer animation for major film productions [FM96, DKT98] medical simulation [KGC 96, Gib98] and computer games. These techniques produce animation directly from input objects, simulating natural motions and shape deformations based on mathematical models that specify the physical behavior of characters and complex structures. Modeling deformation is a key component of physicallybased ....
S. F. Gibson. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2), 1998.
....(surface) models in a motion authorship system. Di erent parts of the human body are identi ed by clustering into boxes of voxels, and the boxes are transformed deformed to give motion or animation e ect and then the original volume bu er is voxture mapped into the deformed boxes. Gibson et al. [Gibson98] used voxel objects for simulating soft tissues based on emergent complexity paradigm. In this paper, we restrict our attention to animations that are created frame by frame. One of the main reasons is that volume rendering itself (for reasonable voxel dimensions) is non interactive on standard ....
Gibson S et.al. (1998) Volumetric Object modeling for Surgical simulations Intl. Journal of Medical Image Analysis Spring/Summer '98.
....is a powerful means to enhance the comprehensibility of digitally represented data. Especially in virtual reality applications the immersion effect is significantly enhanced by adding a haptic display. Currently, various applications are using haptic rendering, including 3D modeling [6] medicine [5] and entertainment [7] The authors research group ViPA 1 is investigating the use of virtual reality environments for training and rehearsal of medical surgeries [11] where haptic feedback can be essential. Mostly, haptic rendering is used to complete a system that also presents its data ....
Gibson, S.F.F, et al: Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation. Medical Image Analysis. 1 (1998) 121--132
....simulators, it will also make these simulators more broadly applicable. Therefore, it is not surprising that this area has recently attracted much attention, e.g. 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21, 31, 34, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 69, 72, 78, 82, 93] Excellent reviews can be found in [26, 32, 33]. The core problem is the following: Given a tissue at a resting position, compute its displacement and deformation when external forces are applied by surgical instruments. When a force feedback device is used to interact with the tissue model, one must instead compute the reaction force exerted ....
....elastic models and dynamic simulation are considered. In addition, the mesh used by a FEM represents the domain occupied by the tissue before deformation, not the tissue itself. The tissue domain after deformation can be very different, since some human body tissues can stretch by more than 100 [33]. This violates a basic assumption of the FEM, which was originally developed to compute functions or vector fields over fixed domains. For a similar reason, FEM methods make it difficult to deal with changes in tissue topology, barring a prohibitive computational cost. Another argument in favor ....
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S. Gibson et al. Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2), Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 121-132.
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S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky,andA.Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2#2#, 1998.
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S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky,andA.Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2#2#, 1998.
....knee MRI scans in a Bayesian framework. 1. Motivation We are interested in segmentation of clinical MRI scans for pre as well as intra operative visualization and modeling. Specifically, segmentation will be necessary to provide patient specific anatomical models for a surgical simulation system [4]. In this system, computer based knee models are combined with physically based anatomical modeling, high quality visual rendering, and force reflective interface devices to provide the surgeon with a virtual testbed for planning and rehearsing patient specific procedures. Current knee models for ....
S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky, A. Sawada, "Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation", accepted for publication, Medical Image Analysis, 1998.
....knee MRI scans in a Bayesian framework. 1. Motivation We are interested in segmentation of clinical MRI scans for pre as well as intra operative visualization and modeling. Specifically, segmentation will be necessary to provide patient specific anatomical models for a surgical simulation system [3]. In this system, computer based knee models are combined with physically based anatomical modeling, high quality visual rendering, and force reflective interface devices to provide the surgeon with a virtual testbed for planning and rehearsing patient specific procedures. Current knee models for ....
S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky, A. Sawada, "Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation", accepted for publication, Medical Image Analysis, 1998.
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Sarah Gibson, Christina Fyock, Eric Grimson, Takeo Kanade, Rob Kikinis, Hugh Lauer, Neil McKenzie, Andrew Mor, Shin Nakajima, Hide Ohkami, Randy Osborne, Joseph Samosky, and Akira Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Medical Image Analysis, 2(2):121--132, 1998.
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S. Gibson, C.Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, T. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky, A. Sawada, "Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation", accepted for publication, Med. Image Analysis, Dec., 1997.
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S. Gibson, C. Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, H. Ohkami, J. Samosky, and A. Sawada. Volumetric object modeling for surgical simulation. Med. Img. Anal., 2(2):121#132, 1998.
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S. Gibson, et al. "Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation". Medical Image Analysis, 2(2),pp121- 132, 1998.
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S. Gibson, C.Fyock, E. Grimson, T. Kanade, R. Kikinis, H. Lauer, N. McKenzie, A. Mor, S. Nakajima, T. Ohkami, R. Osborne, J. Samosky, A. Sawada, "Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation", accepted for publication, Med. Image Analysis, Dec., 1997.
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Gibson, S., et al, "Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation", Medical Image Analysis, vol. 2, num. 2, pp 121-132, 1998.
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S. Gibson, et al. "Volumetric Object Modeling for Surgical Simulation". Medical Image Analysis, 2(2),pp121- 132, 1998.
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