Kanakia, H., Mishra, P., Reibman, A.: An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Realtime Packet Video Transport, Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, San Francisco, USA, (1993), 20-31  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....(QoS) 14] requirements are met. Parameters for QoS are reliability, bandwidth, jitter, and etc. Multimedia information in general has a highly timevarying bandwidth requirement since media data are variable bit rate (VBR) in nature due to the coding and compression technologies applied [4][7]. For example, in an MPEG 1 movie, the average frame size is usually less than 25 of its maximal frame size [9] There are several approaches to address the bandwidth requirements of multimedia transmission. One approach is the static resource reservation schemes that allocate a constant bit rate ....

H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-time Packet Video Transport," SIGCOMM Symposium on Communications Architecture and Protocols, San Francisco, California, pp. 20-31, ACM/IEEE, Sept. 1993.

....three categories: senderdriven, receiver driven and transcoder based. Senderdriven adaptation schemes that are discussed here fall into two strategies: buffer based and loss based. Buffer based adaptation schemes use the occupancy of a buffer on the transmission path as a measure of congestion [10][11] Loss based adaptation schemes adjust the rate based on the packet loss experienced by the receivers [5] 6] Moreover, common requirements for multimedia applications have led to the design of the general purposed protocol such as the Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) The requirements ....

....140 160 180 200 in buffer Figure 2. Comparison of Approach A and Approach B in transmission rates and number of packets in the client buffer, where Approach A is denoted as a solid line and Approach B is denoted as the dashed line in the low range of playback rates during time intervals [10,100]. 3.3 Experiments on the Internet For the Internet experiments, the server was run on one SunOS 5.8 machine in SCS at FIU and the clients were run on another SunOS 5.8 machine in Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Miami (UM) The same scenario used in LAN ....

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H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-time Packet Video Transport," in SIGCOMM Symposium on Communications Architectures and Protocols (San Francisco, California), Sept. 1993, pp. 20-31.

....limited [75] 18 2.2.3 Adaptive Single Layer For video conferencing or broadcasting of live events, video encoding has to be performed on a real time basis. The availability of a live encoder provides the opportunity of modifying the video encoding rate on the fly to match available bandwidth [63, 138]. However, such a scheme is only applicable when a live encoder is available. Furthermore, it is a non scalable approach that does not handle the bandwidth heterogeneity of a multicast environment. For video conferencing, when there is typically a large stationary background, the use of ....

....tra#c, such as TCP, which reduces transmission rate in face of network congestion. Existing approaches to rate control for video tra#c over best e#ort packet networks often require online encoding. By dynamically changing the parameters of the encoder, it is then possible to limit the data rate [138, 63]. For pre encoded video, Jacobs and Eleftheriadis [60] have proposed a scheme in which selective DCT coe#cients from MPEG streams are dropped to yield lower rates. However, both schemes are typically unable to match the desired rate instantaneously so that output bu#ering becomes necessary, adding ....

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H. Kanakia, P. Misha, and A. Reibman. An adaptive congestion control scheme for real time packet video transport. ACM/IEEE Trans. Networking, 3(6), pp. 671--82, December 1995.

....feedback to the sender indicating packet loss rate or other measures of network conditions. In response, the sender can adjust the parameters of its compression algorithms to increase or decrease the rate at which it transmits data. Several such feedback control protocols have been developed [18 20]. Previous discussions of adaptation techniques for multimedia distribution have focused on performance: providing each receiver with the best quality possible for the given network conditions. The security implications of each of these adaptation techniques has only recently been discussed [21] ....

H. Kanakia, P.P. Mishra, and A.R. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-Time Packet Video Transport," IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 3 (6), 1995, pp. 671--682.

....is obtained at the price of larger end to end delay. To improve the video quality without increasing the end to end delay one can resort to VBR transmission. For example, VBR video transmission has been proposed and imple mented for datagram networks, e.g. those forming the Internet (see [1] [2] for examples of rate control in this scenario. In these networks, the channel rate depends on the network conditions and there is no guarantee on the maximum delay and channel bandwidth available to the user. This could be a critical shortcoming when, as is the case with video, real time ....

H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport," in Proc. ACM $IGCOMM'93, (San Francisco, CA), Sept. 1993.

....Krunz, et al. 20] discussed the sharing of the trunk capacity among a large number of multimedia streams. Bandwidth sharing can increase the bandwidth utilization and decrease the burstiness of the traffic, and statistical multiplexing is most suitable for realtime video transmission [21] InRefs. [22 24], the authors have investigated the feedback control scheme in bandwidth allocation and management. They have shown that feedback control is effective in transmitting video over an ATM network. For stored video, allocation of bandwidth by predicting future requirement based on current parameters ....

H. Kanakia, P.P. Mishra, A.R. Reibman, An adaptive congestion control scheme for real time packet video transport, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking 3 (6) (1995) 671 -- 682.

....Client Client Client Client Media Control (TCP) Video Stream (UDP) Virtual Token Ring (UDP) Figure 1: The Overall System Architecture of the Distributed Video System. protocols, introduce new mechanisms such as Realtime Transport Protocol and Realtime Streaming Reservation Protocol, etc [14] in order to support the real time services. In our case, we adopt none of the above in our video system. Since MPEG is an open standard for video applications, we do not want to develop yet another coding scheme for the video transmission or for MPEG video pre processing. Furthermore, we do not ....

H. Kanakia, P Mishra and A. Reibman. "An adaptive Congestion control Scheme for Real-Time Packet Video Transport" Proc. of ACM $IGCOMM '95, pp20-31, Sep. 1993.

....degraded and in that sense, the service is statistical. This requires an algorithm to determine re negotiation points. Feedback based available bit rate (ABR) service: It uses feedback information to change the coding rate at the output of the MPEG 2 encoder to suit the available bandwidth [11, 12, 19]. In this approach, the service is considered best effort with some minimum guarantees. Best effort service: This approach is similar to that provided by the current Internet, i.e. the overall quality is almost entirely dependent on the congestion level of the network. At the decoder ....

.... Feedback Based Best Effort Serv ice with or w ithout Resource Reservations A number of schemes have been proposed for transporting video over a best effort service where the source adjusts its rate based on available rate information received from the network periodically (ABR service) [19, 11, 12]. This requires varying the encoding rate at the source adaptively based on feedback information received from the network. Variations of the above schemes have been proposed with and without support for a minimum guaranteed rate. These schemes allow efficient utilization of the network bandwidth, ....

H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-Time Packet Video Transport," Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '93, Sept. 1993.

....time scale and the way the renegotiation points are selected depends on the exact algorithm. The second approach, based on a feedback based available bit rate service, uses feedback information in order to change the coding rate at the output of the MPEG 2 encoder to suit the available bandwidth [35, 36, 47]. In this approach, the service is considered best effort with some minimum guarantees. In the last approach, which provides statistical service without any guarantees (like the one used in the Internet today) the overall quality relies totally on the load of the network. Thus, no QoS can be ....

....based on available rate information received from the network periodically. This requires varying the encoding rate at the source adaptively based on feedback information received from the network. Variations of the scheme have been proposed with and without support for a minimum guaranteed rate [35, 36, 47]. The scheme allows efficient utilization of the network bandwidth, but may result in unacceptable quality for the viewer. Statistical service without any guarantees: In this case the stream is transported over the network in best effort mode with no feedback controls. The quality at the receiver ....

H. Knkia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman. An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '93, September 1993.

....the service is statisti cal. This requires an algorithm to determine re negotiation points. The second approach, based on a feedback based Available Bit Rate (ABR) service, uses feedback information to change the coding rate at the output of the MPEG 2 encoder to suit the available band width [38, 39, 48]. In this approach, the service is considered best effort with some mini mum guarantees. The last approach, which operates over a best effort service such as that provided by the current Internet, the overall quality is almost entirely dependent on the congestion level of the network. ....

.... Feedback based best effort service with or without resource reservations: A number of schemes have been proposed for transporting video over a best effort service where the source adjusts its rate based on available rate information received from the net 38 work periodically (ABR service) [38, 39, 48]. This requires varying the encoding rate at the source adaptively based on feedback information received from the network. Variations of the above schemes have been proposed with and without support for a minimum guaranteed rate. These schemes allow efficient utilization of the network bandwidth, ....

H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport," in Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '93, September 1993.

....is simple for connection setup, its disadvantage is low bandwidth utilization. To improve the bandwidth utilization, video transmission over ATM VBR service is widely studied. The issues include iraf tic shaping and rate control [10,11] bandwidth allocation management [ 12,13] congestion control [ 14], source model and behavior [15 18] In [19] improving quality of transmitted video by using Usage Parameter Control (UPC) was studied. However, VBR does not provide feedback mechanism for bandwidth renegotiations after COlmection setup. In [20 22] authors proposed renegotiations VBR (RVBR) ....

H. Kanakia, P.P. Mishra and A.R. Reibman, An adaptive congestion control scheme for real time packet video transport, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Netvorking 3(6) (1995), 671-682.

.... [i.e. the session layer or network interface unit (NIU) is expected to be no more than a few milliseconds away from the end point, the control loop between the network interface and the user will be tight, so that responding to such signals should be easy, particularly for adaptive codecs [27]. Recent work suggests that even stored video can be dynamically requantized in order to respond to these signals [38] 10] Thus, there are several viable alternatives for dealing with renegotiation failures. With an appropriate combination, some users can choose to see few or no renegotiation ....

H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, 1993.

....(perhaps by frame dropping [32] or shaping filters [10] or it may simply require that the user be informed of any degradations. A QoS policy may also require that QoS be raised when resources become available; e.g. by adding an enhancement layer to a hierarchically structured video flow [27] [17]. The API is based on a new protocol family called AF METS. By preserving compatibility with the current Berkeley socket API, existing applications (e.g. those using AF INET) can run unchanged or can easily be modified to take advantage of underlying QoS support; see section 3 for more details ....

Kanakia, H., Mishra, P., and A. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real Time Packet Video Transport", Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '93, San Francisco, USA, October 1993.

....offer The work was sponsored by MOEA and supported in part by the Institute for Information Industry (III) under Contract C87140. intramedia synchronization to remove jitter while retaining minimal playout delay. As opposed to several existing approaches attempting to reduce jitter from networks [5,6], we tackle the problem from the end system perspective. Several existing intramedia synchronization methods, which perform at end systems, exhibit various performance merits. They can be categorized as: static delay based, dynamic feedback based, and dynamic delay based. Static delay based ....

H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real Time Packet Video Transport," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 3, no. 6, Dec. 1995, pp. 671-682.

....encoder to constrain its output rate. The rate can be modified much more frequently than for R CBR since RM cell processing is in band. However, the overhead in the form of ontrol information that is exchanged for each connection is higher. Explicit rate feedback for video is considered in [52], 64] and [63] In [52, 37] Kanakia et al. explore the case where the network provides a target coding rate to the video terminal, and the video encoder adjusts its quantizer to ensure that its output traffic fits into the available rate. Extensive simulations indicate that some cells are lost ....

....its output rate. The rate can be modified much more frequently than for R CBR since RM cell processing is in band. However, the overhead in the form of ontrol information that is exchanged for each connection is higher. Explicit rate feedback for video is considered in [52] 64] and [63] In [52, 37], Kanakia et al. explore the case where the network provides a target coding rate to the video terminal, and the video encoder adjusts its quantizer to ensure that its output traffic fits into the available rate. Extensive simulations indicate that some cells are lost at the onset of a congestion ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. R. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-Time Packet Video Transport", Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM'93 Conference, Sept. 1993.

....its output rate. The rate can be modified much more frequently than for R CBR since RM cell processing is in band. However, the overhead in the form of ontrol information that is exchanged for each connection is higher. Explicit rate feedback for video is considered in [52] 64] and [63] In [52, 37], Kanakia et al. explore the case where the network provides a target coding rate to the video terminal, and the video encoder adjusts its quantizer to ensure that its output traffic fits into the available rate. Extensive simulations indicate that some cells are lost at the onset of a congestion ....

....that in the steady state the video rate is well matched to the network specified rate and the video quality is not significantly worse than when there is no congestion. Therefore, a graceful degradation of video quality can be achieved during congestion intervals. One drawback of the scheme in [52, 37] is that the source is unable to specify its desired rate, but can only respond to rates provided by the network. As a result, equivalent video quality between different sources cannot be achieved if different sources have different rate requirements. Subsequently, 63] examines the case where the ....

H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. R. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real time packet video transport," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 3, pp. 671-682, Dec. 1995. 49

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Kanakia, H., Mishra, P., Reibman, A.: An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Realtime Packet Video Transport, Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, San Francisco, USA, (1993), 20-31

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H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, A. Reibman, "An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme For Real-time Packet Video Transport", ACM/SIGCOMM, San Francisco, California, USA, September

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H. Kanakia, P.P. Mishra and A. Reibman, `An Adaptive Congestion Control Scheme for Real-Time Packet Video Transport', Computer Communication Review,Vol. 23, No. 4, pp 20-31, Oct. 1993.

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H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport", Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'93, SanFrancisco, CA, Sept. 1993, pp 20-31.

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H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport," Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '93, pp. 20--31, September 1993.

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H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. Reibman, "An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport," in Proceedings of the 1993.

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H. Kanakia, P. P. Mishra, and A. R. Reibman, `An adaptive congestion control scheme for real time packet video transport,' IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 3 (December 1995).

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H. Kanakia, P. Mishra, and A. Reibman. An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'94, pages 20--31, San Francisco, CA, September 1993.

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H. Kanakia, P.P. Mishra, A. Reibman, An adaptive congestion control scheme for real-time packet video transport, ACM SIGCOMM'93 (1993) 20 -- 31.

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