| Winn, H., T. Thompson, W. Cummings, J. Hain, J. Hudnall, H. Hays, & W. Steiner (1981) "Songs of the humpback whale - population comparisons", Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
....INTRODUCTION Humpback whales (megaptera novaeangliae) emit long, complex patterned vocalizations, or songs 1 . A number of discrete populations of humpback whales exist which, at any point in time, can be characterized by a unique song shared by all singing population members [Tyack 1981; Winn et. al 1981; Payne Payne 1985] The songs of the various populations which have been studied all have in common a complex hierarchical structure. The generally accepted whalesong grammar identifies 5 levels in this structural hierarchy [Payne McVay 1971; Payne Payne 1985] At the lowest level are ....
Winn, H., T. Thompson, W. Cummings, J. Hain, J. Hudnall, H. Hays, & W. Steiner (1981) "Songs of the humpback whale - population comparisons", Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
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