Georganas N D Lamont L. Synchronization architectures and protocols for a multimedia news service application. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1994.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....may choose to act only when the asynchrony is guaranteed to exist or when there is a slight possibility of asynchrony. If the distribution of the network delay is known as well, the server may employ probabilistic methods that have a much better performance under diverse load conditions. In [6], a complete software control architecture for synchronizing multiple data streams generated from distributed media storing database servers 9 without a globally synchronized clocks. The work is presented in context of a news on demand service where the users browse a news page and interactively ....

Georganas N D Lamont L. Synchronization architectures and protocols for a multimedia news service application. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1994.

....to cope with as much as possible critical parameter mismatches in the most appropriate synchronization constraints aware manner. Firstly, we need to assess for our framework the applicability of already proposed approaches such as selective frame drop and duplication [19] intentional delay [17], or alternative presentation form [5] Furthermore, we are aiming at the development of additional new approaches. Asymmetrical parameter adaptations, i.e. compromising of parameters such as the intentional decrease of a nominal presentation parameter s lower bound in order to gain potential to ....

Lamont, L., Georganas, N.D.: "Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multimedia News Service Application", Proc. Int. Conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, May, 1994, Boston, USA, pp. 3-8

....on the client workstation after having browsed the database through a Visual Query Interface [EM95] The user negotiates through the Quality of Service (QoS) Negotiator [HBB 94] with the distributed system for the desired level of quality and cost of access. Then the Synchronization component [LG94] takes over by coordinating, over the network, the delivery of several streams of monomedia data contained in the document to the client. For continuous media, it has to request the Continuous Media File Server (CMFS) NY94] to retrieve the appropriate files and start the streams. Non continuous ....

....and establishes a composition hierarchy (Figure 5.2) using the document structuring feature of SGML. There is a single time axis for the whole document and all time intervals are defined on this axis. In our implementation, this representation is mapped to an instance of a Time Flow Graph [LG94] a playback schedule) 2 . The Time Flow Graph is used by the synchronization component of the distributed multimedia system to synchronize data streams retrieved from the servers. 2 Type Av fcs, which models a Finite Coordinate Space has a method GetTimeSchedule, which returns a data ....

L. Lamont and N. D. Georganas, "Synchronization architecture and protocols for a multimedia news service application," In Proc. IEEE International Multimedia Computing and Systems Conf., 1994.

....chooses a document to display after having browsed the database through a Visual Query Interface [E SV95] The user negotiates through the Quality of Service Negotiator [Hafi94] with the distributed system for the desired level of quality and cost of access. Then the Synchronization component [LG94] takes over by coordinating the delivery of several streams of monomedia data over the network. To do this, it has to request the Continuous Media File Server [NY94] to retrieve the appropriate files and start the streams. The QoS negotiation module has to determine the media types in the ....

L. Lamont and N. D. Georganas, "Synchronization architecture and protocols for a multimedia news service application", Proc. IEEE International Multimedia Computing and Systems Conf. Boston, May 1994.

.... contains software components developed by different groups, including a multimedia database (DBMS) from the University of Alberta [Vit 94] a distributed continuous media file server (CMFS) from the University of British Columbia [Neu 96] a synchronization component from the University of Ottawa [Lam 94] and our QoS management module developed at the Universit de Montr al [Haf 95, Haf 96b] and was integrated at the University of Waterloo [Vel 95] Scalable video encoding was also studied at INRS Telecommunications [Dub 95] The implementation architecture shown in Figure 5 is strongly ....

L.Lamont and N.Georganas, Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multi media News Service Application, IEEE International Conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, 1994.

....(text, images) Some more complex multimedia documents are also provided as examples. 2.2 Presentation scenarios and temporal relations A presentation scenario (PS) is added to a multimedia document, as part of its meta information. It describes the way the document should be presented [Lu 94] Lamont 94] As an example, a PS may define that the first page of a text is shown for 30 seconds in the top right corner, at which point the video component is started in the center of the screen. To be more specific: a PS describes the spatial and temporal relationships between the components of the ....

....to the client using a high speed transport service. 2.4 Need for multireception The audio, video and text data needed in a single multimedia news item may be stored on n different servers. This could be the case if different servers are optimized for a particular types of data, as proposed in [Lamont 94] or if the audio, video and text data are owned by different organizations. In such a situation, the raw data must be retrieved by the client machine before it can be presented as specified in the presentation scenario. The client system has to: 1. establish data transport connections to the ....

, L. Lamont, N.D. Georganas, Synchronization architecture and protocols for a multi media news service application, IEEE int. conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, May 1994.

....sufficient if different network delays can occur, a prospect of particular concern when multiple receiver nodes (and perhaps routes) are involved. Similarly, if using multiple sender nodes, achieving synchronized transmission is not straightforward. An example of this n to 1 scenario is found in [3], where a workstation accesses media dependent servers for audio, video, etc. In [6] a single server distributes streams to audiophone nodes and videophone nodes, representing the 1 to n scenario. In the case of a single stream there is typically a need for the receiver to operate a buffer for the ....

L. Lamont and N. D. Georganas. Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multimedia News Service Application. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS '94), pages 3--8, May 1994.

....larger than = Gamma 80 ms. Also, as Manohar showed in [12] the variability normally present on the master stream may be increased if the master stream initiates the interstream synchronization. The problem of n streams synchronization having the same source, has been previously addressed in [3, 4, 8, 17, 22]. Solutions either perform intrastream synchronization and only check the interstream synchronization at certain points, 3, 8] or keep pairs of master and slave streams synchronized [4] The case when the n streams have different sources, has been addressed in [17, 22] Rangan [17] introduces ....

....the master stream initiates the interstream synchronization. The problem of n streams synchronization having the same source, has been previously addressed in [3, 4, 8, 17, 22] Solutions either perform intrastream synchronization and only check the interstream synchronization at certain points, [3, 8], or keep pairs of master and slave streams synchronized [4] The case when the n streams have different sources, has been addressed in [17, 22] Rangan [17] introduces the concept of relative timestamp (RTS) A server assigns RTSs to slave frames, by determining the master stream frame that is ....

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L.Lamont and N.D. Georganas, "Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multimedia News Service Application", IEEE Intl. Conf. on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Boston, May, 1994.

....connections or streams according to their traffic characteristics and QoS transmission requirements. In order to support this real time application, a real time Stream Synchronization Protocol (SSP) is required to preserve the synchronization among the data carried over different connections [10,20] . The functional entities required to perform the SSP consist of a data delivery Scheduler and pairs of Media Synchronization Controllers(MSCs) at both ends of each connection, i.e. the server MSCs at the Media Servers and the client MSCs at the user s workstation. The SSP will handle variable ....

....delay fluctuation, clock mismatches, and any inaccurate estimations in the delivery scheduling. Parallel client Media Synchronization Controller (MSC) processes are activated in each client, corresponding to the server MSC processes of the servers involved in the particular document presentation [10] . Given that some mis schedule errors may occur in one of the streams, the client MSCs may have to adjust the target presentation schedule for the subsequent media objects so that the synchronization constraints among them will still be held true when the subsequent objects are played back. ....

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L. Lamont and N. D. Georganas, "Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multimedia News Service Application", Proc. IEEE International Multimedia Computing and Systems Conf., Boston, U.S., May 1994.

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L. Lamont and N. D. Georganas, "Synchronization Architecture and Protocols for a Multimedia News Service Application", Proc. IEEE International Multimedia Computing and Systems Conf., Boston, U.S., May 1994.

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