R.M. Baecker, D. Nastos, L.R. Posner, K.L. Mawby, The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software, Workshop on Real Time Group Drawing and Writing Tools, CSCW'92, Toronto, Octobre 1992.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....implications of our work for the design of annotation notification mechanisms. 2 RELATED WORK Awareness and notifications have long been recognized as important aspects of both synchronous and asynchronous document collaboration systems. A study of collaborative writing by Baecker et al. [3] stressed the importance of mutual awareness, knowledge of the state or actions of collaborators. Dourish and Belloti [7] discuss the importance of passive awareness, an understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for your own activity ( 7] More recently a large scale ....

Baecker, R., Nastos, D., Posner, I., and Mawby, K. The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software. Proc. 1993 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI 93).

....group spaces particularly has built upon advances in group awareness, annotation, and synchronous learning spaces. In particular, the awareness mechanisms in our implementation of group spaces have been used before in early collaborative environments such as the Grove [Ellis et al. 1991] and Sasse [Baecker et al..1993] group editors. 7. Ongoing and future work As our digital library work becomes more widely used both within our community and among external users, we are continually receiving feedback, adapting our software development plans and finding new application areas. We are currently working on a ....

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, I.R., and Mawby, K.L. 1993. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software. In Proceedings of INTERCHI `93, 399-405.

....Presentation, the Abstraction, and the Control) Similarly, the services for Coordination and for Communication have their own Presentation, Abstraction and Control. For example, let us consider an extended version of the multi user scrollbar developed for the collaborative document editor SASSE [2]. The extended SASSE scrollbar supports both production, coordination, and communication. As shown at the bottom of Figure 6, a SASSE scrollbar is composed of two adjacent scrollbars: on the right, an ordinary scrollbar is owned by the local user to browse through the shared document: this ....

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, L.R. and Mawlby, M.K. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software, in Proceedings of theWorkshop on Real Time Group Drawing and Writing Tools, CSCW' 92 (Toronto, 1992).

....and all displays can be updated accordingly. For example, the pseudocode below handles a trivial conference of two users, each using separate displays named Display1 and Display2, where the conference just draws a point on each display [79] display[1] XOpenDisplay ( Display1 ) display[2] = XOpenDisplay ( Display2 ) for (i=1; i =2; i ) XDrawPoint (display[i] 20, 100) XCloseDisplay(display[i] GROUPWARE TOOLKITS FOR SYNCHRONOUS WORK 7 1.2.3.2 Rendezvous: a centralized architecture The Rendezvous groupware toolkit [37, 57, 56, 36] is heavily modeled on the idea of ....

....redesigned to fit their groupware settings, because they would otherwise be too limiting. While there is no recipe for doing this, we can illustrate by example several groupware redesigns of single user widgets. Our first example is the multi user scrollbar, first seen in the SASSE text editor [2]. It differed from conventional scrollbars in that two thumbs (the selectable box) are displayed. Participants are allowed to scroll independently, and the thumbs positions would reflect each person s relative position in the document. While SASSE s scrollbar was hard wired into the editor, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Baecker, R., Nastos, D., Posner, I. and Mawby, K. (1993) "The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software." in Proceedings of ACM InterCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p399--405, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 24--29.

....to help them understand a text and to make the text more useful for future tasks. Annotations are often helpful for other readers as well, even when they are not made with others in mind [12, 13] Computer based annotations can similarly be used for a variety of tasks. For example, Baecker et al. [1] and Neuwirth [16] state that annotations are an important component in collaborative writing systems, where collaborative writing refers to fine grained exchanges among co authors creating a document. In the study reported here, the focus is on a later stage in the document generation process ....

Baecker, R., Nastos, D., Posner, I., and Mawby, K. (1993). The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software. Proceedings of the 1993 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI 93).

....awareness widgets in GroupKit that tell a participant where other people are working in the shared work surface: multi user scrollbars, and gestalt viewers. The multi user scrollbar, which was illustrated on the right side of Figure 4, is inspired by the one provided by the SASSE text editor (Baecker, Nastos, Posner and Mawby 1993). It supports collaborator awareness by indicating the relative locations of users within a large document. The right half of the scrollbar is a normal single user scrollbar, allowing the user to move within the document. To its left is a vertical bar showing the relative location of each ....

Baecker, R., Nastos, D., Posner, I. and Mawby, K. (1993) "The User-Centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software." in Proceedings of ACM InterCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 24-29, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p399-405, ACM Press.

....views. In turn, a Neapolitan PAC agent can be decomposed as a cluster of three PAC agents, each agent being dedicated to one class of the functional clover. One can refer to [4] for a detailed description of this refinement illustrated with an extended version of the SASSE multi user editor [3]. 5 Conclusion In this article we have demonstrated the motivation for PAC ing the user interface of an interactive system ranging from single to multi user systems. The PAC family conceptual models provide a sound basis for devising the right components of an interactive system with specific ....

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, L.R. and Mawlby, M.K.: The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software, in Proceedings of theWorkshop on Real Time Group Drawing and Writing Tools, CSCW' 92 (Toronto, 1992).

....behavior for text editing would be for only a single user to be able to edit a text string at a time. However, as shown in Figure 4, we wanted to explore multiple users editing the same string at the same time. This raises similar issues to multi screen multi user text editors, such as SASSE [Baecker 1993]. The original Amulet single user text object had a built in ability to show a cursor. All of the text editing operations, such as inserting a character and deleting the previous word, operate with respect to this cursor. Some of these operations are fairly complex because, for example, they ....

Ronald M. Baecker, Dimitrios Nastos, Ilona R. Posner and Kelly Mawby. "The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software," Human Factors in Computing Systems, Proceedings INTERCHI'93. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Apr, 1993. pp. 399-405.

.... of collaborative tools and services on the Internet have expedited innovated knowledge creation dissemination infrastructures, such as: digital journals, electronic libraries (Gaines, 1993) resource discovery environments (Bowman, Danzing, Manber Schwartz, 1994) co authoring systems (Baecker, Nastos, Posner Mawby, 1993) and virtual scientific communities (Schatz, 1991) Hence, one of the major motivations behind the current proposed research is to investigate the psycho sociological nature of distributed collaboration among networked members of different types of work groups who use the Internet web not only ....

Baecker, R. M., Nastos, D., Posner, I. R. and Mawby, K. L. (1993). The User-Centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software. In Proceedings of ACM INTERCHI `93, pp.

....employs a general hypermedia document model allowing network structuring of information thus going beyond traditional text based editors. Third, we compare DOLPHIN to shared editing systems where participants are in remote locations. Examples include text based systems like GROVE [5] and SASSE [1] as well as shared drawing tools like WSCRAWL [12] GroupSketch [8] CaveDraw [16] and TeamWorkstation ClearBoard [14] 15] and hypertext based tools as rIBIS [23] The GROVE group text editor [5] uses local editors and replicated documents together with a central coordinator serializing all ....

....hyperdocuments as a medium of cooperation. Synchronization is done using transactions and locking of objects in the database. Instead of broadcasting operations which are difficult to sequentialize, DOLPHIN broadcasts update notifications which need not be sequentialized by the clients. SASSE [1] is a collaborative writing tool. It is intended to be used for text processing on distributed workstations. It does not provide support for informal structures or for hypermedia structures. Shared drawing tools usually provide bitmap based (WSCRAWL, ClearBoard) or object oriented concurrent ....

Baecker, R., Nastos, D., Posner, I., Mawby, K. The user--centered iterative design of collaborative writing software. Proceedings of the InterCHI'93 Conference, Amsterdam (April 24-29, 1993), 399 - 405.

....the application areas of CSCW. Various technologies have been employed to provide a supporting environment for distinct aspects of cooperative learning, such as networking, Internet services (e.g. BAR96, CAR97, DAN97, KOU96, SLO97] audio and video conference, and collaborative software (e.g. [BRO98, ELL91, BAE93, SWI97, GON97]) Classrooms are becoming virtual, and learning can take place even in distributed and or asynchronous environments. Our research efforts focus on the contributions of computer supported collaborative learning environments targeted at the teaching learning process of software and database ....

BAECKER, R.M. et al. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software. In: Proceedings of the InterCHI'93, 1993. pp. 399-405.

....it may be important to know if others are proofreading, or if the author is engaged in a full scale rewrite at the time you re editing. Knowledge of current tasks is crucial for many design tasks, and is used in such systems as SASSE, where a Gestalt view of other collaborators is provided [3], and ClearBoard, where eye gaze is considered crucial for discerning the focus of user engagement [53] Potential for Interruptibility The third component of awareness is the interruptibility of a given user; that is, the level of engagement of the user in his or her tasks. The notion of ....

.... (only allowed to add and modify text created by that user) and commentator (only allowed to add margin notes to the document) Other systems which employ roles as a grouping mechanism for policies include ConversationBuilder [55] MPCAL [46] Quilt [60] Collaborative Editing System [74] SASSE [3], Colab [106] ICICLE [7] WORLDS [111] SUITE [98] and PREP [72] A role provides a conceptual entity that can be mapped onto a policy. The notation: EQ 5 1) Indicates that all of the members in role R a will inherit the access control rights specified by policy P a . Intermezzo adopts the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, I.R., and Mawby, K.L., "The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software." In Proceedings of the ACM/InterAct Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI'93). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ACM. April 2429, 1993. pp. 399-405.

....behavior for text editing would be for only a single user to be able to edit a text string at a time. However, as shown in Figure 4, we wanted to explore multiple users editing the same string at the same time. This raises similar issues to multi screen multi user text editors, such as SASSE [1]. The original Amulet single user text object had a built in ability to show a cursor. All of the text editing operations, such as inserting a character and deleting the previous word, operate with respect to this cursor. Some of these operations are fairly complex because, for example, they ....

Baecker, R.M., et al. "The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software," in Proceedings INTERCHI'93: Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1993. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: pp. 399-405.

....on the temporal aspect of sharing: applications in which users share some thing at the same time are called synchronous. Applications in which the users share that thing at different times are called asynchronous. Synchronous applications, typified by such systems as ShrEdit [15] 18] and SASSE [1], are highly interactive, real time systems in which a group of possibly distributed users interact together to achieve some result. Much of the recent research into collaboration, with the exception of electronic mail [7] and occasionally group editing studies [17] has focused on new tools and ....

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, I.R., Mawby, K.L., "The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software." Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ACM. 1993. pp. 399-405.

....addresses the above mentioned technical issues. The framework is quite general, being applicable to a variety of documents types, such as text, graphics, and multimedia. The proposed techniques have been successfully incorporated in DistEdit [22] a group editor toolkit, and a version of of SASSE [26, 4], a group editor. The basic ideas of our undo framework were presented in an earlier version of this paper [32] This paper makes several additional contributions. First, it includes a detailed discussion of properties that editing operations should satisfy in order to provide reasonable, ....

....undo operation in a single user editor, such as Emacs, can be done in constant time, as a function of the length of the history list. It would be desirable to ensure that a group editor s undo is as efficient when the editor is used with only one user editing, as is often the case in practice [4, 29]. The selective undo algorithm, as described above, is O(n 2 ) for single user history undo. Our experience with the use of undo in the DistEdit based Emacs editor indicates that occasionally n can become sufficiently large for the delay in the selective undo to become noticable, particularly ....

R.M. Baecker, D. Nastos, I.R. Posner, and K.L. Mawby. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative software. In INTERCHI'93 Conference Proceedings, pages 399--405. AddisonWesley, 1993.

.... which includes roles for writers (who are allowed only to change their own work) readers (who are not allowed to modify the document) and commentators (who can only add margin notes to the document) Roles are also found in other systems, such as ConversationBuilder [10] MPCAL [9] SASSE [2], ICICLE [3] SUITE [18] and PREP [15] Other work in application domain access control approaches the classical security systems seen in operating system research. For example, Shen and Dewan present a robust model of the access control needs of applications [18] The access control models ....

Baecker, R.M., Nastos, D., Posner, I.R., and Mawby, K.L., "The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software." In Proceedings of the ACM/ InterAct Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ACM. April 24-29, 1993. pp. 399-405.

....addresses the above mentioned technical issues. The framework is quite general, being applicable to a variety of documents types, such as text, graphics, and multimedia. The proposed techniques have been incorporated into DistEdit [21, 22] a group text editor toolkit, and into a version of SASSE [5], a group editor. The basic ideas of our undo framework were presented in an earlier version of this paper [32] This paper makes several additional contributions. First, it includes a detailed discussion of properties that editing operations should satisfy in order to help provide correct undo ....

....simply needs to execute the operation s inverse and advance the pointer that identifies the next operation to undo (see Section 2. 3) It would be desirable to ensure that a group editor s undo is as efficient when the editor is used with only one user editing, as is often the case in practice [5, 29]. The selective undo algorithm, as described above, is O(n 2 ) for single user history undo. Our experience with the use of undo in the DistEdit based Emacs editor indicates that occasionally n can become sufficiently large for the delay in the selective undo to become noticeable, particularly ....

R.M. Baecker, D. Nastos, I.R. Posner, and K.L. Mawby. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative software. In INTERCHI'93 Conference Proceedings, pages 399--405. AddisonWesley, 1993.

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R.M. Baecker, D. Nastos, L.R. Posner, K.L. Mawby, The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software, Workshop on Real Time Group Drawing and Writing Tools, CSCW'92, Toronto, Octobre 1992.

No context found.

Ronald M. Baecker, Dimitrios Nastos, Ilona R. Posner, and Kelly L. Mawby. The User-centered Iterative Design of Collaborative Writing Software. In Proceedings of INTERCHI 1993.

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R.M. Baecker, D. Nastos, L. R. Posner, L. K. Mawlby. The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Real Time Group Drawing and Writing Tools', CSCW'92, Toronto, 1992.

No context found.

Baecker, R. M., Nastos, D., Posner, I. R., & Mawby, K. L. (1993). The user-centered iterative design of collaborative writing software. In Proceedings of the InterCHI'93 (pp. 399--405), Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 26 -- 29, 1993, ACM Press.

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