J. M. Bradshaw, "An introduction to software agents," in Software Agents, J. M. Bradshaw, Ed., chapter 1, pp. 3--46. AAAI Press, 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... whose development is supported, rather than on some generally agreed theoretical definition of agent (which, arguably, is difficult to find) In this paper, we do not address the problem of what an agent is; many researchers have been working on finding a good answer to this question; see e.g. [36,12,42]. The definition proposed by Jennings, Sycara, and Wooldridge in [42] takes into account many relevant agent features, and our work is mainly guided by their conceptualization. Nonetheless, we are aware that their notion of agent is not a finally agreed definition and for this reason we avoid ....

J. Bradshaw. Introduction to Software Agents. In J. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

....would, according to (Beam and Segev, 1997) result in timeefficiency, consistency and freedom from human errors. Software agents are computer programs that exhibit a certain degree of autonomy, are continuously active and interact with other systems on behalf of the user (Nwana, 1996; Bradshaw, 1997). They can be mobile, i.e. move between different computers or reside only on one computer. They also may have learning capabilities or base their actions on pre defined rules of behavior. 3.1 Software Agents in E Commerce Software agents are playing important roles in e commerce especially in ....

Bradshaw, J. M. (1997). "An Introduction to Software Agents", in: J. M. Bradshaw (Ed.), Software Agents. Cambridge, AAAI Press/The MIT Press.

....attempt to find them. Such active support can be realized through the implementation of software agents. Software agents are software entities that function continuously and autonomously in response to changes in their running environment without requiring constant human guidance or intervention [3]. This paper describes an active intelligent software agent, CodeBroker, for reusable component location. CodeBroker runs continuously in the background observing a program editor, Emacs. Through monitoring the developer s actions in the context of the program editor, it infers requirements for ....

Bradshaw, J. M., "An Introduction to Software Agents," in Software Agents, J. M. Bradshaw, Ed. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1997, pp. 1-46.

....the development activities and most software development activities are carried out with computeraided software engineering tools, it is possible for reuse repository systems to play a more active role in supporting reuse. 3. 1 Active Information Delivery In active information delivery systems [2, 15, 16], the relevant information is delivered at the right moment for a problem solver to consider. In contrast to the query based information access mechanism, active information delivery systems present information to developers without having been asked for it explicitly. Simon [35] has pointed out ....

....and informal information for readability by peer developers. Informal information includes structural indentation, comments, and identifier names. Comments and identifier names are important beacons for the understanding of programs, because they reveal the important concepts of programs [2, 9, 29]. One important constraint of a program is its type compatibility, which is manifested in its signature. A signature is the type expression of a program, and defines its syntactical interface. For a reusable component to be easily integrated, its signature should be compatible with the ....

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Bradshaw, J.M., An Introduction to Software Agents, in Software Agents, J.M. Bradshaw, Editor. 1997, AAAI Press: Menlo Park, CA. p. 1-46.

....in building complex societies of heterogeneous components showing some (but not necessarily all) of the features usually ascribed to agents. In this paper, we do not address the problem of what an agent is; many researchers have been working on finding a good answer to this question; see e.g. [28, 7, 33]. Also, we do not aim at discussing which available MASDKs support the development of agents which really deserve this name, and which ones just provide rudimentary support. Until the notion of agent will not have a clear and finally agreed definition, this kind of discussion will be impossible. ....

J. Bradshaw. Introduction to Software Agents. In J. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

....of a single triple of one matching agent, one profile agent and one delivery agent does not really need automatic coordination techniques. The agents interconnections are hard coded or set up once with no dynamic reconfiguration. Agenthood in SmartPush When applying Agenthood as an ascriptor (Bradshaw 1997) model to the SmartPush agents, we can easily admit that the components are not really agents. As creators of the system we possess knowledge about its inner workings and regard it as a deterministic system. However, if we observe the system from the user s point of view, the system may seem to be ....

Bradshaw, J. 1997. An Introduction to Software Agents. In Software Agents, Bradshaw, J.(ed.), AAAI Press / The MIT Press. Cambridge, USA.

....been designed to do distributed collection and analysis of information. A hierarchical system is described in [22] and [27] describes a cooperative system without a central authority. These systems solve some of the problems mentioned. 1.4. Autonomous Agents A software agent can be defined as [1]: a software entity which functions continuously and autonomously in a particular environment : able to carry out activities in a flexible and intelligent manner that is responsive to changes in the environment : Ideally, an agent that functions continuously : would be able ....

J. M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In J. M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1, pages 3--46. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

....where agents are able to accomplish unsupervised actions, for example. 3.1 Attributes versus Attributions Several researchers have attempted to provide a meaningful classification of the attributes that agents recognized as such might have. A list of common agent attributes is shown below [Bradshaw, 1997]. Adaptivity: the ability to learn and improve with experience. Autonomy: goal directedness, proactive and self starting behaviour. Collaborative behaviour: the ability to work with other agents to achieve a common goal. Inferential capability: the ability to act on abstract task ....

....helps us understand why coming up with a once and for all definition of agenthood is so difficult: one person s intelligent agent is another person s smart object ; and today s smart object is tomorrow s dumb program. The key distinction is in our expectations and our point of view. [Bradshaw, 1997] 3.2. What Do We Mean by Agent One aspect of agents that is broadly mentioned in the literature is the notion of agents as interactive entities that exist as part of an environment shared with other agents. This definition of agenthood is taken from descriptions given by several authors, who ....

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Bradshaw, J.M. An Introduction to Software Agents. In: Software Agents, J.M. Bradshaw (Ed.), Menlo Park, Calif., AAAI Press, 1997, pages 3-46.

....emphasizing the use of learning algorithms in intrusion detection, and using mobile agents. AAFID is implemented in Perl while our system is implemented in Java. 3 Design of Our Agent Based System A system of intelligent agents using collaborative information and mobile agent technologies [2] [23] is developed to implement an intrusion detection system [5] The goals of the system design are to: Learn to detect intrusions on hosts and networks using individual agents targeted at particular subsystems; Use mobile agent technologies to intelligently process audit data at the ....

J. M. Bradshaw, editor. An Introduction to Software Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997. 13

....when an intrusion is detected. Intrusion detection systems use audit information obtained from host systems and networks to determine whether violations of a system s security policy are occurring or have occurred [2] Our Multi Agents Intrusion Detection System (MAIDS) 8] 9] uses mobile agents [3] in a distributed system to obtain audit data, Funded in part by the Department of Defense. y Some of this work was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Funded in part by NASA s Code Q Software Program Center Initiative, ....

....: unsigned long; var src port, dest port, any src port1, any src port2, any dest port : unsigned short; Network Monitor: FTP dest host, 21, src host, src port, 220 FTP Server ) FTP RESPONSE , Vulnerable May Be Vulnerable Incoming NOT (Version (wu 2.4.2 BETA 1[6 9] wu 2.4. [3 9] wu 2. 5 9] 6) FTP ATTACK (src host, any src port1, dest host, 21, color FTP = product string IP QUAD string; Figure 9: Simple CPN for identifying FTP server vulnerable to FTP Bounce (ftp bounce vuln cpn) FTP color IP QUAD = product unsigned long unsigned short unsigned long ....

J. M. Bradshaw, editor. An Introduction to Software Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997.

....and [29] describes a cooperative system without a central authority. These systems solve most of the problems mentioned except for the recon guration or adding capabilities to the IDS, which are not described in either of the two designs. 1. 4 Autonomous Agents A software agent can be de ned as [1]: a software entity which functions continuously and autonomously in a particular environment : able to carry out activities in a exible and intelligent manner that is responsive to changes in the environment : Ideally, an agent that functions continuously : would be ....

Jerey M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In Jerey M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

....(Goleman 1995) In particular, people can learn to recognize facial expressions with increased accuracy given appropriate training. With such a strong interface between affect and cognition on the one hand, and with the increasing versatility of computer agents on the other hand (Maes 1990) (Bradshaw 1997), the attempt to enable our computer tools to acknowledge affective phenomena rather than to remain blind to them appears desirable. Because emotions are very complex phenomena, however, if we want to attempt to recognize them automatically, it becomes important to acknowledge all the components ....

Bradshaw, J. 1997. "An Introduction to Software Agents". In J. Bradshaw (ed), Software Agents. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press, 3-46.

....coordinating large, complex, long running tasks in agent systems. We divide these issues into the following categories: tasks, roles, and conversations. We then discuss how these issues impose requirements on ACL, and propose changes to support these requirements. 1 Introduction Agent systems [2] are groups of agents that work together as a single system to integrate their functionality. They consist of a group or groups of agents that interoperate, cooperating to execute large complex tasks. In these agent systems each agent has the capability to perform a particular set of tasks or ....

Jeffrey M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In J. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1. MIT Press, AAAI Press, 1997.

....agent can sense and act on its environment, and has a set of goals or motivations that it tries to achieve through these actions. 26] However the term agent remains vague, so let us see some of the commonly identified agent attributes to have a better view of what an agent can be or do. 37] 15] [4] Autonomy. An agent can operate without the direct intervention of humans, which means that it should have a degree of autonomy from its user. This requires aspects of periodic action, spontaneous execution, and initiative. That means that the agent must be able to take preemptive or independent ....

Bradshaw M. Jeffrey, An Introduction to Software Agents

....is a problem. You cannot use an abstraction properly unless you know what it is. Bradshaw noted that some consider procedure, object and agent abstractions as identical: One person s intelligent agent is another person s smart object ; and today s smart object is tomorrow s dumb program [2]. Others have expressed the view that some algorithms can be expressed better using objects rather than with procedures [10] While others have gone further, stating that it may be easier for developers to represent their programs in terms of agents rather than with objects [5] We view all of ....

Bradshaw, J.M., "An Introduction to Software Agents", In J.M. Bradshaw (ed.) Software Agents, AAAI Press/MIT Press, 3-49, 1997.

..... New paradigms for performing intrusion detection. 1.2. Mobile Agent Technology IDSs implemented using MAs is one of the new paradigms for intrusion detection. MAs are a particular type of software agent, having the capability to move from one host to another. A software agent can be defined as [BRAD97]: a software entity which functions continuously and autonomously in a particular environment . able to carry out activities in a flexible and intelligent manner that is responsive to changes in the environment . Ideally, an agent that functions continuously . would be able to learn ....

Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, "An Introduction to Software Agents," In Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1. AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1997.

....in that we are using data mining to detect attacks on multiple components, emphasizing the use of learning algorithms in intrusion detection, and using mobile agents. 3 Design of Our Agent Based System A system of intelligent agents using collaborative information and mobile agent technologies [Bradshaw97] Nwana96] is developed to implement an intrusion detection system [Denning87] The goals of the system design are to: Learn to detect intrusions on hosts and networks using individual agents targeted at particular subsystems; Use mobile agent technologies to intelligently process audit ....

Bradshaw, J.M. An Introduction to Software Agents. In: Bradshaw, J.M. (ed.), Software Agents, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.

.... to managing distributed, multi platform software development projects Rory O Connor, Eamon Gaffney and Tony Moynihan School of Computer Applications Dublin City University Ireland roconnor, egaffney, tonym compapp.dcu.ie Abstract This paper describes work undertaken within the context of the P3 (Project and Process Prompter) Project which aims to develop the Prompter tool, a decision support tool to assist in the planning and managing of a software development project . Prompter will have the ability to help software project managers to assimilate best practice and know how in the ....

....This emphasis on distributed software development coupled with the trend in client server based computing has lead to an additional requirement for project management support systems to address the issues of multiple platforms, both in terms of hardware and operating systems. The aim of the P3 project is to build the Prompter tool which will address the issues outlined above. Prompter will assist software project managers in their decision making process, by helping them to assimilate best practice in the field of software project management and incorporate expert critiquing which will ....

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J.Bradshaw, "An Introduction to Software Agents", In Software Agents, MIT Press, 1997.

....differs from AAFID in that we are using data mining to detect attacks on multiple components and emphasizing the use of learning algorithms in intrusion detection. 3 Design of Our Agent Based System A system of intelligent agents using collaborative information and mobile agent technologies [Bradshaw97] Nwana96] is developed to implement an intrusion detection system [Denning87] The goals of the system design are to: Learn to detect intrusions on hosts and networks using individual agents targeted at particular subsystems; Use agent technologies to intelligently process audit data at ....

Bradshaw, J.M. An Introduction to Software Agents. In: Bradshaw, J.M. (ed.), Software Agents, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.

....correctly performed . Any endeavour particularly tailored towards the necessities of Internet agents validation needs to be based on certain concepts of agency or agenthood . This is still a quite controversal issue (for a more comprehensive discussion, the reader might consult [WJ95] and [Bra97] e.g. Here, we confine ourselves to a more or less condensed discussion. According to [Kay84] the idea of an agent originated with John McCarthy in the mid 1950 s, and the term was coined by Oliver G. Selfridge a few years later, when they were both at the Massachusetts Institute of ....

....systems are mushrooming. Several authors are trying to sell even pretty trivial programs as software agents (see [Fon93] for a critical discussion including some illustrative and unmasking examples) In the sequel, we present some types of programs called agents as similarly surveyed in [Bra97] e.g. There are ffl programs called agents just because they can perform low level computing tasks while being instructed on a higher language level (cf. App93] e.g. ffl programs sitting in some network, where they are sending and receiving information (cf. DSW97] ffl programs for ....

J. M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In Jeffrey M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, pages 3--46. AAAI Press / The MIT Press, 1997.

....the reports. Like DIDS, EMERALD appears to concentrate the intelligence in a central system and does not incorporate any agent technology. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGENT BASED SYSTEM A system of intelligent agents using collaborative information and mobile agent technologies [1] [9] is developed to implement a prototype intrusion detection system [3] The goals of the system design are to: Learn to detect intrusions on hosts and via networks using individual agents targeted at particular subsystems; Use agent technologies to intelligently process audit data at the ....

J. M. Bradshaw, "An Introduction to Software Agents", in Software Agents, Bradshaw, J.M. (ed.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.

....any explicit deliberation at all. Nevertheless, if an agent can be coherently analyzed as having goals and acting to bring about those goals, then our account will apply. For many researchers, the ability to take such an intentional stance is one of the prime characteristics of agenthood [1]. We implicitly adopt this stance in this paper. Another important observation is that, unlike other types of agent actions, such as turning on a piece of machinery or booking a travel itinerary, interagent messages are fundamentally limited in the type of effects they can directly bring about. ....

Bradshaw, J. M. (1997). An introduction to software agents. In J. M. Bradshaw (Ed.), Software Agents. pp. 3-46. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/The MIT Press.

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J. M. Bradshaw, "An introduction to software agents," in Software Agents, J. M. Bradshaw, Ed., chapter 1, pp. 3--46. AAAI Press, 1997.

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Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.: An Introduction to Software Agents, Published Paper, 1997

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J. M. Bradshaw, editor. An Introduction to Software Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997.

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Je#rey M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In Je#rey M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1, pages 3--46. AAAI Press / The MIT Press, 1997.

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Bradshaw, J. M., Ed. An Introduction to Software Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1997.

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Je#rey M. Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In Je#rey M. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 1, pages 3--46. AAAI Press / The MIT Press, 1997.

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Bradshaw, J, M., (1997), "An Introduction to Software Agents", Software Agents, (eds) Jeffrey. M. Bradshaw, AAAI/MIT Press, pp.348.

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J.M. Bradshaw, An Introduction to SoftwareAgents, in (J.M. Bradshaw, ed.), Software Agents, MIT Press, 1997, pp. 3--46.

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Jeffery Bradshaw. An introduction to software agents. In Software Agents, pages 3--49. MIT Press, 1997.

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Bradshaw, J. Introduction to Software Agents, in "Software Agents", AAAI Press /The MIT Press, 1997.

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