| Bybee, J., Perkins, R., and Pagliuca, W. (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. |
....Meaning may spread, either synchronically or over the history of a language. Once reduplication marks one meaning in a language, it may come to also mark others that are closely conceptually related. And this process of semantic extension may then repeat itself, chaining out to yet other meanings (Bybee et al. 1994; Heine et al. 1991; Lako , 1987; Sweetser, 1990) For example, the iconically grounded notion of baby is clearly related to the notion small. Thus, we might expect to nd reduplication expressing small in some languages and we do. In its turn, small is conceptually close to contempt, as small ....
....senses then serves as the root node for a tree of related concepts. Links between senses are initially posited on the basis of apparent conceptual relatedness, and motivation is then sought for each of the connections. The senses listed in the graph are the primary ones attested in the literature (Bybee et al. 1994; Moravcsik, 1978; Niepokuj, 1991) The hypothesis is that they appear because of this interaction between iconic and conceptual structure. How can this hypothesis be tested It makes two related predictions, both stemming from the assumption that much of the observed regularity is conceptually ....
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Bybee, J., Perkins, R., and Pagliuca, W. (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
....on the basis of conceptual properties into different types of modality, forms a highly relevant and important parameter of the model of modality used in this study. l Parameter 3: Modal expressions are to be viewed in a context of grammaticalization The concept of grammaticalization, as treated by Bybee, Perkins Pagliuca (1994), Hopper Traugott (1993) or Heine, Claudi H nnemeyer (1991) is another important parameter in the analysis I will use for modality in this study. Basically, this means that an analysis of the encoding of modal expressions is also concerned with how and to what extent elements which mark a ....
.... 151) where he does indeed include interrogatives with sentence types and 37 distinction of mood and modality as well as a basic definition of the first I therefore suggest to adhere to the following working hypothesis: Modality is the conceptual domain, and mood is its inflectional counterpart (Bybee, Perkins Pagliuca 1994, 181) The concept of mood which I shall use in this study is therefore defined within a framework of morphological (mood is expressed in verbal inflection) and semantic (the central function of mood is to indicate the illocutionary forces and the commitment to the truth of assertion) criteria. ....
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Bybee, Joan L., Revere Perkins und William Pagliuca (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London.
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Bybee, J., Perkins, R. and Pagliuca, W. (1994). The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect and mood in the languages of the world. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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