Fisher, S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., & Robinett, W. Virtual environment display system. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, 77--87.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....2D interfaces used in 3D spaces that have the greatest influence on effectiveness for manipulation tasks. 2. Previous Work A number of novel techniques have been employed to support interaction in 3 space. Glove interfaces allow the user to interact with the environment using gestural commands [9, 8, 3]. Laser pointer techniques provide menus that float in space in front of the user, and are accessed using either the user s finger or a 3D mouse [14, 15, 6] With these types of interfaces, however, it is difficult to perform precise movements, such as dragging a slider to a specified location, or ....

Fisher, S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., Robinett, W., "Virtual Environment Display System,"

.... extra views can be displayed either on separate viewports, or in the same one [2, 6, 15, 17] An alternative consists in allowing the user to scale the virtual world down to a miniature, selecting a new viewpoint, and then rescaling the miniature world back up using the newly selected viewpoint [8, 3]. ffl A second approach provides the user with objects attached to the viewpoint in order to ease the control of this viewpoint. 19, 22, 17] Although most application independent exploration systems are limited to navigation techniques, recent counterexamples, 3D Magic Lenses [20] and ....

S. S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual environment display system. In Proc.

.... in the area of virtual reality (VR) The idea was first introduced by Ivan Sutherland in the late 1960 s when he developed a research prototype of a head mounted display [33] It was popularized almost two decades later when off the shelf systems started to become practical for virtual reality [4][14]. The underlying motivation in virtual reality is to realistically present three dimensional virtual worlds to a user so that he or she perceives and interacts with them naturally, thus borrowing from built in human abilities that evolved from our normal dealings with the three dimensional world ....

Fisher, S. S., M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual environment display system. Proceedings of the 1986 ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. Special issue of Computer Graphics (1986), 9-21.

....low pass filter was devised to reduce the noise in position data. The effectiveness and limitations of both approaches were then studied, and the results shown to be satisfactory. 1 Introduction In recent years, the virtual reality concept has been explored by many researchers [Krueger83] [Fisher86] [Brooks86] Wang90] Green90] To provide real time visualization of a 3 D space, a Polhemus Isotrak tracker is often used to determine the user s viewpoint and line of sight, and based on the measured data, stereoscopic images are generated and displayed to the user through the head mounted ....

S. S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett, "Virtual environment display system, " Proc. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, NC, October 1986, pp. 77--87.

....Only minimally immersive VR systems (fishtank VR) or fully immersive VR systems but no pure desktop systems are being mentioned. Some previous uses of HMD based systems have concentrated more on exploration of virtual worlds rather than creating or modifying them directly in virtual reality (Fisher et al. 1986; Bricken and Byrne, 1993) A very good overview of 3D modelling systems with 6DOF input devices can be found in the work of Mine (1996) One of the earliest interactive design systems that used an immersive head mounted display was the one built by Clark (1976) This pioneering system for use in ....

Fisher, S.S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J. and Robinett, W. (1986) Virtual Environment Display Systems. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. Sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH.

....the user straining an umbilical cord. Even in systems with no umbilical and infinite range trackers, this problem will still exist. Unless the user is in the middle of a large, open space the real world will Figure 5. Displaying the Vehicle to the User limit the user s motions. In the VIEW system [7,8] a waist level hexagon displays the range of the tracker, but is part of the world scene and does not move as the user flies. We treat the user as always residing in a vehicle [24] The vehicle for a Polhemus is roughly a ten foot hemisphere. If the user wishes to view an object within the range ....

....researchers can afford. We have shown that for less than 5,000, or five dollars per day over three years, researchers can use a head mounted display with glove and voice input. Our system has a higher spatial resolution than any previous system, and is significantly lighter than previous systems [4,7]. For glove input, the Power Glove has provided excellent spatial accuracy and usable finger bend data. Based on experience with our system, we have found that interaction latency is significantly more important than display resolution or stereoscopy, and that the user can greatly benefit from the ....

Fisher, S.,McGreevy, M.,Humphries, J., and Robinett, M., Virtual Environment Display System, Proceedings of the 1986 ACM Workshop on Interactive Graphics, October, 1986, 77-87.

....images. The VCASS program at Wright Patterson Air Force Base built many HMD prototypes as experimental pilot helmets (Buchroeder, Seeley, Vukobradatovitch, 1981) D 4 The Virtual Environment Workstation project at NASA Ames Research Center put together an HMD system in the mid 80 s (Fisher, McGreevy, Humphries, Robinett, 1986). Some of the early work on the display transform presented in this paper was done there. Several see through HMDs were built at the University of North Carolina, along with supporting graphics hardware, starting in 1986 (Holloway, 1987) The development of the display algorithm reported in this ....

Fisher, S.S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., & Robinett, W. (1986). Virtual Environment Display System. Proc. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, 77-87.

.... tied to the enormous increase in processing power and decrease in cost, together with the development of relatively efficient and unobtrusive sensing devices, has led to the emergence of participatory immersive virtual environments, commonly referred to as virtual reality (VR) Fisher 1982; Fisher et al. 1986; Teitel 1990; see also SIGGRAPH Panel Proceedings 1989,1990) Ellis defines virtualisation as the process by which a human viewer interprets a patterned sensory impression to be an extended object in an environment other than that in which it physically exists (Ellis, 1991) In this definition ....

....from both categories: mundane walking, climbing and descending steps and ladders; magical scaling the environment and remote object selection. 4.2 Walking: The Virtual Treadmill A standard solution for navigation in IVEs is to make use of the hand held pointing device. VPL used the DataGlove (Fisher 1986; Foley, 1987) with which a hand gesture would initiate movement, and the direction of movement would be controlled by the pointing direction. Velocity was controlled as part of the gesture: for example the smaller the angle between thumb and first finger the greater the velocity. DIVISION s ....

Fisher, S., M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, W. Robinett (1986) Virtual Environment Display System, ACM 1986 Workshop on 3D Interactive Graphics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 23-24.

....user moves. That is to say that if the user moves forwards, the object in front of him gets closer and if he turns his head right(left) the scene moves left(right) Virtual Reality as has been popularised by the media over the past few years has come to mean a computer system such as described in [FMHR86, Fis90, SIG89, SIG90, Bri93] that has several key components: ffl A head mounted display that has two screens, one for each eye, through which a computer presents a stereoscopic 3 dimensional image. ffl A tracking system that can determine the position and orientation of the user s head. ffl ....

....and the AVIARY system supports a hierarchy of world models, where leafs in the hierarchy correspond to specific application worlds and the root is a generic world [WHH92] Another approach to virtual world design might be to extend the desktop metaphor to 3 dimensions. The NASA Ames system [FMHR86, FWCM88] was designed with the idea of virtual workspaces in mind and a 3D equivalent of windows where various applications surround the user in the virtual space. This could be extended to providing arbitrary data structures that surround the user which could be organised with a fish eye ....

S.S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual environment display system. Proc. 1986 ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, NC, October 22-24, pages 77--87, 1986.

....with computer generated images as if they were real objects located in space surrounding the user. Some aspects of virtual reality can be approached as three dimensional direct manipulation plus voice input output, but not all virtual reality interactions can be characterized that simply (Fisher, 1986, Fisher, 1988, Foley, 1987) We can see that increasing verisimilitude in interaction styles has yielded powerful steps from command line to direct manipulation and virtual reality styles, but it can also be a millstone. Some tasks are inherently abstract or non physical, and for such, we may ....

Fisher,. S.S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett, "Virtual Environment Display System," Proc. Workshop on 3D Interactive Computer Graphics, pp. 77-87, Chapel Hill, N.C., 1986.

....of modeling with six degree offreedom input devices are [1] and [8] but both of those used traditional 2D displays. Previous uses of HMD systems have concentrated more on exploration of virtual worlds rather than creating or modifying them. Some examples of this work with HMD s can be found in [5]. Modeling using a HMD system has been explored by Clark. 4] Users of Clark s system created parametric surfaces by manipulating control points on a wire frame grid. This system highlighted the utility of using a HMD for improved understanding and interaction with models. Like Clark s system, 3dm ....

Fisher, S. S., M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, W. Robinett. Virtual Environment Display System. Proceedings of the Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, October 1986. Sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH.

....The operator s stereoscopic display is linked to the robot 3D camera system and his arm is made spatially correspondent with the robot arm. Early works in this area include NASA Ames telepresence prototype application, where the operator interacts with a simulated telerobotic task environment [30]. One of the most advanced applications of this technology is remote surgery [22, 58] Augmented reality In augmented reality systems the virtual world is superimposed over the real world, with the intent to supplement it with useful information, for example, guidance in performing a real world ....

.... the user interactively manipulates 3D graphical objects spatially corresponding to hand position was developed [79] In 1984, NASA started the VIVED project (Virtual Visual Environment Display) and later the VIEW project (Virtual Interactive Environment Workstation) As described in Fisher et al. [30], the objective of the research at NASA Ames was to develop a multipurpose, multimodal operator interface to facilitate natural interaction with complex operational tasks and to augment operator awareness of large scale autonomous integrated systems. The application areas on which NASA Ames ....

FISHER, S. S., MCGREEVY, M., HUMPHRIES, J., AND ROBI- NETT, W. Virtual environment display system. In Proc. 1986 ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics (Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 1986), pp. 77--87.

....is running in a true 3D space. Application objects can be manipulated by normal hand motions such as pointing and grabbing. VR has been successfully used in a wide range of applications including architectural and design visualization [15] scientific visualization [1, 4] remote manipulation [9], and entertainment (e.g. the W industries Virtuality game) While the utility of the VR style has been demonstrated by these applications, new interaction techniques and software tools to support VR must now be developed. A wide range of software development tools exist for the more traditional ....

S.S Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual environment display system. Proceedings of ACM 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 77--87, 1986.

....1984] uses a video projector to display various information on the wall. Rooms[Card and Henderson 1987] displays only the minimum information necessary to complete a certain task on the basis of analysis associated with the user s task switching. In virtual reality systems[Feiner and Beshers 1990; Fisher et al. 1986; Foley 1987] users can display various information by using head mounted displays. Other works exist which use 3D computer graphics for information display without the use of headmounted displays. Information Visualizer[Card et al. 1991; Mackinlay et al. 1991; Robertson et al. 1991] for ....

Fisher, S. S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., and Robinett, W. 1986. Virtual environment display system. In Proceedings of ACM 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. ACM, New York.

....into a computer environment, the users gain the freedom to explore their virtual surroundings using gesticulative input. There are at least three approaches to use this freedom: KL87] and [Fel90] used sign language approaches; WGW90] and [PEF 90] used object based manipulations; Bol80] and [FMHR86] used voice assisted methods. Because we believe Direct Manipulation [Shn92] is a good paradigm for data manipulation, we have focused on the second approach. However, the VPA still provides enough room to contain other approaches. The VPA consists of: 1) the Gesture Server, which processes the ....

N. I. Fisher, M. W. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual Environment Display System. In ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 77--87, 1986.

....line of sight to the doll icon, as he is currently manipulating it. The perceived distance to the new location is always at arm s length; changing scale during what is perceived as a fixed distance is an alternative to flying at great speed over what is perceived as a large distance. Previous work [2,3,6] has implemented variations on allowing the user to scale the virtual world down to a miniature, select a new vantage point, and then re scale the miniature world back up using the newly selected vantage point. Our work differs in that we deal with orientation, as well as position, and that our ....

S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, W. Robinett, Virtual Environment Display System, Proceedings on the 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, October, 1986, pages 77-87.

....system [9] The tip of the wand was tracked in position but not orientation. The wand was used to deform the surfaces of virtual objects composed of curved patches [2] In 1985 at NASA Ames Research Center, McGreevy and Humphries built a HMD which was later improved by Fisher, Robinett and others [3]. Under contract to NASA, VPL Research provided an instrumented glove, later named the DataGlove, which served as a manual input device. The position of the hand and head were tracked with a Polhemus 3Space magnetic tracker. In 1986 using the glove input device, Robinett implemented on this ....

Fisher, S., M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. 1986. Virtual Environment Display System. Proc. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. 77-87.

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Fisher, S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., & Robinett, W. Virtual environment display system. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, 77--87.

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S. S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett. Virtual environment display system. In Proceedings of 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Frank Crow and Stephen M. Pizer, Eds., pages 77--87, October 1986.

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S. S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett, "Virtual environment display system," presented at the Association for Computing Machinery Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 23--24 Oct. 1986.

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Fisher, S.S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., and Robinett, W. Virtual environment display system. In ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. 1986, ACM Press: Chapel Hill, N.C. p. 77-87.

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Fisher, S.S., MacGreevy, M., Humphries, J., and Robinnet, W. Virtual Environment Display System. In Proceedings

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Fisher, S.S. et al., "Virtual Environment Display System," paper presented at ACM

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S. S. Fisher, M. McGreevy, J. Humphries, and W. Robinett, "Virtual environment display system," ACM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Oct 23-24, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (1986).

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Fisher, S., McGreevy, M., Humphries, J., & Robinett, W. Virtual Environment Display System. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, pages 77-87.

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