Owsnicki-Klewe, B. (1988). Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In Hoeppner, W. (Ed.), Proceedings of GWAI-88---the 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 77--87. Springer Verlag.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... including classic (Resnick et al. 1992) loom (MacGregor Bates, 1987) and back (Peltason et al. 1987) Such systems have been used in several practical situations, including software information bases (Devanbu et al. 1991) financial management (Mays et al. 1987) configuration management (Owsnicki Klewe, 1988; Wright et al. 1993) and data exploration. Additional signs that DLs are significant subjects of study are the several recent workshops on DLs (Nebel et al. 1991; Peltason et al. 1991; AAAI, 1992) 1.1 On the Tractability and Completeness of DL Implementations The fundamental operation on ....

Owsnicki-Klewe, B. (1988). Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In Hoeppner, W. (Ed.), Proceedings of GWAI-88---the 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 77--87. Springer Verlag.

.... is being created, without having an exact idea of all its parts until it is completed) or the detective process involved in recognizing objects from clues discovered over time (e.g. identifying criminals) Languages in the klone family have been used for such purposes in configuration tasks [ Owsnicki Klewe, 1988 ] among others. classic is also suitable for applications that want to enforce constraints on collections of facts because inheritance is strict and trigger like rules are available. We have one application (a configurator) that uses classic mostly as an integrity checker. This application ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, Proceedings of GWAI-88---the 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, pages 77--87. Springer Verlag, September 1988.

....known concepts in order to derive constraints on an individual would be entirely unjustified. Related and Future Work Previous work shows that DL is well suited to configuration problems. The BEACON configurator based on KNET reached the advanced prototype stage (Searls Norton 1990) In (Owsnicki Klewe 1988), the entire configuration problem was cast as a matter of maintaining internal KB consistency, i.e. logical contradictions should follow from all invalid configurations but no valid ones. This goal is more ambitious than ours or that of (Wright et al. 1993) However, Owsnicki Klewe 1988) ....

....In (Owsnicki Klewe 1988) the entire configuration problem was cast as a matter of maintaining internal KB consistency, i.e. logical contradictions should follow from all invalid configurations but no valid ones. This goal is more ambitious than ours or that of (Wright et al. 1993) However, (Owsnicki Klewe 1988) considered only an (admittedly limited) example. PROSE (Wright et al. 1993) is a successfully deployed configurator featuring product KBs written in CLASSIC (Borgida et al. 1989) Like BEACON and PROSE, our work positions the DL system as a product knowledge reasoner a key module in a ....

Owsnicki-Klewe, B. 1988. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In GWAI-88, 77--87.

....inference rules as axioms, while in our approach only a normal form as a whole is considered as a believed node. In DDNs, therefore, justifications support atomic propositions, 12 For a description of implication links in BACK cf. QK90] BACK basically follows the approach described in [OK88] while in our case they are supporting entire normal forms. Furthermore, in a DDN approach, also inference rules participate in justifications, while our approach abstracts from the applied inference rules. As a consequence, we keep less data related to dependency management, but may have to ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88. 12th GermanWorkshop on Artificial Intelligence, pages 77--87. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1988.

.... This kind of reasoning can be employed to support such diverse applications as information retrieval [Patel Schneider et al. 1984] explainable expert systems [Neches et al. 1985] natural language processing [Webber and Bobrow, 1980; Sondheimer and Nebel, 1986] and computer configuration [Owsnicki Klewe, 1988]. Based on these ideas, a number of system were built, e.g. kandor [PatelSchneider, 1984] kl two [Vilain, 1985; Schmolze, 1989] krypton [Brachman et al. 1985] meson [Edelmann and Owsnicki, 1986] back [von Luck et al. 1987; Nebel and von Luck, 1988] loom [MacGregor, 1988] classic ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88. 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, pages 77--87. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, West Germany, 1988.

....information in the knowledge base. This allows, among others, for the proper treatment of such traditionally difficult database issues as null values and view updates . This aspect of KBMS based on DLs may explain in part their success in problems dealing with configuration management [Owsnicki Klewe 1988]: configurations are incomplete designs, which are slowly being built up, yet we want to find out about problems with them before everything is fully known. 4.4 DLs in answers Traditionally, questions such as Who teaches New crs or What is Johnny s age are answered by displaying some ....

.... [Borgida et al. 1989] loom [MacGregor 1987] and back [von Luck et al. 1987] are emerging as useful practical tools in a variety of situations, including interfaces and exploration of traditional databases [Beck et al. 1989, Anwar et al. 1992, Brachman et al. 1992] configuration management [Owsnicki Klewe 1988], and software informatio n systems [Devanbu 1991, Mark et al. 1992] Acknowledgments: I am deeply grateful to Ron Brachman for giving me the opportunity to join him in the Classic adventure and for his collaboration in many aspects of the work discussed here. ....

Owsnicki-Klewe, B., "Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task," in W. Hoeppner, editor, Proc. of GWAI-88, Springer Verlag, September, 1988, pp. 77--87.

....AI techniques available today) Though this all sounds quite optimistic, we re still missing a comprehensive theory of configuration: up to now there is no overall expressive and formal description of configuration problem solving. There are many (more or less ad hoc) approaches (see for instance Owsnicki (1988) or Searls and Norton, 1990) pointing out various aspects of the overall configuration problem solving process (function 202 R. KLEIN, M. BUCHHEIT AND W. NUTT to structure transformations, hierarchical refinement Tank (1990) resource based approaches (Heinrich (1989) Stein and Weiner ....

Owsnicki-Kleve, B.: 1988, Configuration as a consistency-maintenance task, in Hoeppner, W. (ed.): Künstliche Intelligenz, Informatik-Fachberichte 181, Springer, Berlin, Germany.

....term B if and only if for every model #D, ## #[B] # #[A] holds. A term A is coherent if and only if there exists a model #D, ## such that #[A] #= #. 2.2. 4 A Formal Interpretation of the Configuration Process One of the first formal approaches to configuration problems was given by Owsnicki Klewe [ 1988 ] He used the terminological language of a kl one like description logic for defining a domain model and the corresponding assertional language for specifying the device to be configured (the goal object) Given a knowledge base of his logic he then used the object classification service ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task. In Wolfgang Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, Eringerfeld, September 1988, volume 181 of Informatik-Fachberichte, pages 77--87. Springer-Verlag, Berlin -- Heidelberg -- New York, 1988.

....terminology for AI applications and provide reasoning services over the terminology. Such systems may be used as stand alone information retrieval systems [ Devanbu et al. 1991 ] or as components of larger AI systems. Assuming that the application task is the configuration of computer systems [ Owsnicki Klewe, 1988 ] the terminology may contain concepts such as local area network, workstation, disk less workstation, file server, etc. Further, these concepts are interrelated by specialization relationships and the specification of necessary and sufficient conditions. A disk less workstation may be defined ....

....systems we picked for the experiment are: back [ Peltason, 1991 ] Version 4.2, pre released) classic [ PatelSchneider et al. 1991 ] Version 1.02, released) kris [ Baader and Hollunder, 1991 ] Version 1. 0, experimental) loom [ MacGregor, 1991 ] Version of May 1990, pre released) meson [ Owsnicki Klewe, 1988 ] Version 2.0, released) and sb one [ Kobsa, 1991 ] Version of January 1990, released) The back system has been developed at the Technical University of Berlin by the KIT BACK group as part of the Esprit project ADKMS. The main application is an information system about the financial and ....

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Owsnicki-Klewe, Bernd 1988. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In Hoeppner, Wolfgang, editor 1988, Kunstliche Intelligenz. GWAI-88, 12.

.... been investigated in the literature (see, e.g. 3, 9, 1] In the present paper, we shall consider an extension that is motivated by the use of terminological systems for solving configuration tasks, which is an application domain that is currently gaining more and more importance (see, e.g. [11, 5, 10, 13, 8]) Technical domains such as configuration seem to be well suited for terminological systems since they usually rely on a large number of terminological conventions, which are in most cases precisely defined. In contrast, more traditional AI applications of terminological systems, such as natural ....

B. Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In Proceedings of the German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, GWAI-88, 1988.

.... software information retrieval [Devanbu et al. 1991] knowledge based presentation of multimedia information for equipment repair [Feiner and McKeown, 1990] and for equipment operation [Wahlster et al. 1993] conflict resolution in production systems [Yen et al. 1991] and system configuration [Owsnicki Klewe, 1988; Searls and Norton, 1990; Wright et al. 1993; Weida, 1996] k rep is currently being used in a clinical information system to represent medical knowledge, including drugs, treatments, and so on. That system is now in around the clock production use [Mays et al. 1996] All extant description ....

....are not shown, such as a user interface. Configuration System Configuration Engine Description Logic System Configuration KB Figure 3.1: Configuration System Architecture Previous work shows that description logic is well suited to configuration problems. meson was used to address configuration [Owsnicki Klewe, 1988], beacon reached the advanced prototype stage at UNISYS 3 [Freeman, 1986; Searls and Norton, 1990] and classic is successfully deployed within a series of configurators for telephone switching devices at AT T [Wright et al. 1993] At AT T, configuration applications based on description ....

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B. Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence (GWAI-88), pages 77--87, Berlin, Germany, 1988. Springer.

....originally concerned with the set of epistemological primitives presented in [Brachman, Schmolze 85] but the interest in extending DL to integrate results from other fields of AI increased considerably in the last years. The integration of rule based reasoning into DL was suggested very early in [Owsnicki Klewe 88] It turned out, however, that the so called implication links or rules which have been implemented in BACK, CLASSIC, and LOOM, differ from the rules of rule based system with respect to their logical, monotonic character and thus function more as constraints then as production rules [Schild 89] ....

....9 strict. This is obviously a restriction much too strong for most domain: most of our knowledge is expressable only as rules that allow for exceptions or as rules with a certain degree of reliability. In order to capture this kind of information the integration of probabilistic rules [Heinsohn, Owsnicki Klewe 88] Heinsohn 91] and of defaults [Baader, Hollunder 92] Quantz, Royer 92] Baader, Hollunder 93] was suggested. Other envisaged extensions of DL include the integration of generalized quantifiers [Quantz 92a] of second order constructs [Quantz 92b] of part whole relations and collective ....

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B. Owsnicki-Klewe, "Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task", in [Hoeppner 88], 77--87

....organization of problem solving knowledge is not only very elegant and natural, but also makes maintenance of such a knowledge base easier and supports explanation facilities. Other examples of where this kind of representation and reasoning can be profitably exploited are computer configuration [45], natural language generation [40] presentation planning [3] and information retrieval [59] 3.3 Formal World Descriptions However, in most of the applications cited above, one does not start with a description of, say, a particular problem, but one has a collection of objects (denoted by c, ....

B. Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88. 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, pages 77--87, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, West Germany, 1988.

....indefinite information in the knowledge base. This supports, among others, the proper treatment of such traditionally difficult database issues as null values and view updates. This aspect of KBMS based on DLs may explain in part their success in problems dealing with configuration management [54, 70]: configurations are incomplete designs, which are slowly being built up, yet we want to find out about problems with them before everything is fully known. 4.3 Using descriptions in answers Traditionally, questions such as Who teaches Newcrs or What is Johnny s age are answered by ....

....to users. 7 Summary Description languages provide a variety of constructors for building terms that can be used to express knowledge about the world. They have found applications in a variety of areas such as data management, linguistics [29] programming languages [2] configuration management [70, 54], and knowledge based software engineering [35] DLs exploit their specialpurpose constructors in order to provide solutions to such difficult problems as view updates and reasoning with incomplete information. They are therefore an alternative approach to the standard techniques for limiting the ....

B. Owsnicki-Klewe, "Configuration as a consistency maintenance task," in W. Hoeppner, (ed), Proc. of GWAI-88, Springer Verlag, 1988, pp. 77--87.

....parts and parameter values of each of the construction objects are determined. In the following section we will present a logical interpretation of this process. 2. 2 Formal Interpretation of the Configuration Process One of the first formal approaches to configuration problems was given by Owsnicki Klewe [ 1988 ] He used the terminological language of a kl one like description logic for defining a domain model and the corresponding assertional language for specifying the device to be configured (the goal object) Given a knowledge base of his logic he then used the object classification service (i.e. ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task. In Wolfgang Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, Eringerfeld, September 1988, volume 181 of Informatik-Fachberichte, pages 77--87. Springer-Verlag, Berlin -- Heidelberg -- New York, 1988.

....reasoning services over the terminology. Such systems may be used as stand alone information retrieval systems [14] or as components of larger AI systems, such as natural language systems [37] or design systems [41] Assuming that the application task is the configuration of computer systems [29], the terminology may contain concepts such as local area network, workstation, disk less workstation, file server, etc. Further, these concepts are interrelated by specialization relationships and the specification of necessary and sufficient conditions. A disk less workstation may be defined ....

....our investigation can serve as a starting point for future empirical analyses. The systems we picked for the experiment are: back [32] Version 4.2, pre released) classic [30] Version 1.02, released) kris [6] Version 1. 0, experimental) loom [22] Version of May 1990, pre released) meson [29] (Version 2.0, released) and sb one [20] Version of January 1990, released) Except as noted, all systems were written in CommonLisp and tested on a MacIvory. Below we give a brief description of the systems: ffl The back system has been developed at the Technical University of Berlin by the ....

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B. Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, Kunstliche Intelligenz. GWAI-88, 12. Jahrestagung, pages 77--87, Eringerfeld, Germany, Sept. 1988. Springer-Verlag.

....a rule compiler in some other systems. The idea of combining rules with descriptions in the manner just described is a relatively recent innovation within the field of classification based KR systems, but it seems to be gaining quick acceptance within that community. CLASSIC [BBMR89] and MESON [OK88] are examples of other KR systems that have adopted the same approach. However, rules in these other systems are limited in that they only contain monadic (oneargument) predicates. 5 Description Unification versus Prolog style Unification The unification mechanisms of F R systems are generally ....

Bernard Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a consistency maintenance task. In W. Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88, pages 77-- 87. Springer, Berlin Germany, 1988.

....required parts and slot values of each of the construction objects are generated. In the following section we will present a logical interpretation of this process. 2. 2 Formal Interpretation of the Configuration Process One of the first formal approaches to configuration problems was given by Owsnicki Klewe [ 1988 ] He used the terminological language of a kl one like description logic for defining a domain model and the corresponding assertional language for specifying the device to be configured (the goal object) Given a knowledge base of his logic he then used the object classification service (i.e. ....

Bernd Owsnicki-Klewe. Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task. In Wolfgang Hoeppner, editor, GWAI-88 12th German Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, Eringerfeld, September 1988, volume 181 of Informatik-Fachberichte, pages 77--87. Springer-Verlag, Berlin -- Heidelberg -- New York, 1988.

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Owsnicki-Klewe, B., "Configuration as a Consistency Maintenance Task," in W. Hoeppner, editor, Proc. of GWAI-88, Springer Verlag, September, 1988, pp. 77--87.

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