F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable bitrate coding of video signals for ATM networkst't', IEEE J. of Selected Areas in Comm., 7(5), 1989.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....In this approach, a signal is encoded into a number of layers that can be incrementally combined to provide progressive refinement. This layered transmission scheme can be used for both audio and video transmissions over the internet [7] 29] and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [15]. In the case of the internet, each layer can be transmitted as a separate multicast group and receivers can adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups (see [18] and [20] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers) Note that in multirate multicasting, there is no unique ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, June 1989.

....2 In this approach, a signal is encoded into a number of layers that can be incrementally combined to provide progressive refinement. This layered transmission scheme can be used for both audio and video transmissions over the internet [6] 27] and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [13]. In the case of the internet, each layer can be transmitted as a separate multicast group and receivers can adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups (see [16] and [18] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers) Note that in multirate multicasting, there is no unique ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, June 1989.

....of the network, which uctuates from time to time. For this purpose, real time sources use a hierarchical or a layered coding scheme. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both video[21] and audio[3] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well[7]. In this approach, a signal is encoded into a number of layers that can be incrementally combined to provide progressive re nement. The receivers adapt to congestion by adding and dropping layers. As each layer is added, there is an improvement of quality of the received signal and additional ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda. Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989.

....adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups. Refer to [11] and [12] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both audio [4] and video[19] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [8]. Note that in multirate multicast transmission, there is no concept of a unique multicast session rate, and one needs to consider receiver rates separately. Also note that in this case, the rate on a link needs to be equal to the maximum of the rates of all receivers downstream of that link ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989.

....post processing techniques that can be used for error concealment. Issues such as the influence of packetization defects on picture quality, suitability of current video encoding techniques for ATM networks, and the benefits of bandwidth flexibility o#ered by ATM techniques have been examined [1, 2]. Error concealment approaches in [3] have assumed that both encoding and decoding occur simultaneously with the decoder communicating to the encoder the location of damaged picture blocks. Many of these techniques are not realistic for real time applications since they require retransmission of ....

F. Kishino, K. Matanabe, Y. Hayashi, and H. Yasuda, "Variable bit rate coding of video signals for ATM networks, " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 801--806, June 1989.

....the decoder to provide the location of damaged areas. Since video sequences that have been compressed according to the current video compression standards [24, 35, 36, 37] consist of DCT coe#cients and motion vectors, one approach to packet loss concealment is to prioritize data as described in [38, 39, 40, 25, 41, 42, 43, 44]. Encoded video data is segmented into low priority data such as high frequency DCT coe#cients, and high priority data such as addresses of blocks , motion vectors, and low frequency DCT coe#cients. Such prioritization is performed since motion vectors are crucial to the reconstruction of motion ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, and H. Yasuda, "Variable bit rate coding of video signals for ATM networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 801--806, June 1989.

....traffic, the required bandwidth is small, so the use of compression or variable rate coding may not be interesting. For video, however, the bandwidth requirement is significant. Early studies indicate a peak to average ratio (whichis the potential cost reduction factor) in the range 1.5 to 4. 5 [48,49,50, 51]. This figure may increase as variable rate video coding is refined. Although our simulation has been parameterized for voice, it can be takenasavery simple model for video. A realistic model for video will be much more complex and difficult to develop than that for voice. Welookforward to future ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, and H. Yasuda, "Variable bit-rate coding of video signals for ATM networks," IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun.,vol. 7, pp. 801--6, June 1989.

....adapt to congestion by joining and leaving these groups. Refer to [11] and [12] for internet protocols for adding and dropping layers. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both audio [4] and video[19] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well [8]. Note that in multirate multicast transmission, there is no concept of unique multicast session rate, and one needs to consider receiver rates separately. Also note that in this case, the rate on a link needs to be equal to the maximum of the rates of all receivers downstream of that link (since ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda. Variable BitRate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989.

....of layers of a session in a link is the maxi Submitted to IEEE ToN 3 mum of the number of layers of the session receivers downstream. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both video[29] and audio[6] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well[13]. We would discuss coding schemes which attain multirate transmission for multicast networks, in greater details later. Layer bandwidths may be flexible or predetermined. In the former, layer bandwidths can be tuned to match desired receiver rates and as a result any rates can be allocated, e.g. ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda. Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989.

....group[14] Again the number of layers of a session in a link is the maximum of the number of layers of the session receivers downstream. This layered transmission scheme have been used for both video[30] and audio[7] transmissions over the internet and has potentials for use in ATM networks as well[15]. Layered transmission schemes can be used to attain inter session and intra session fairness, in a bandwidth e#cient manner, by having the receivers subscribe to a fair number of layers. We assume that the network transmits hierarchically encoded signals. As we discuss later, the layer ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda. Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989.

.... to frame and a constant image quality can be maintained [21, 26, 75] 3 VBR video coding algorithms are tailor made for packet switched networks for several reasons [36, 50, 58] First, packet switched networks provide the flexibility of statistical resource sharing by several VBR video sources [39]. Thus, if a video source does not use up all the bandwidth, another source can be multiplexed into the channel. CBR video algorithms, on the other hand, generally assume circuit switched implementation and make use of fixed bandwidth reservation. Secondly, VBR video coding algorithms can ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, and H. Yasuda, "Variable bit-rate coding of video signals for ATM networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 801-805, June 1989.

.... active voice cells. Once the cell priority has been determined using one of the above methods, low priority cells can be discarded when congestion occurs. Discarding cells based on the importance of their contents may also be applied to video traffic. For example, embedded coding techniques 2 [42, 43, 44] can be used to separate image information into two streams: a stream containing essential information, and a stream containing picture enhancement information. Cells containing essential information are given higher priority than those containing picture enhancements. Even when networks become ....

....Cells containing essential information are given higher priority than those containing picture enhancements. Even when networks become congested, the essential parts of coded information are transmitted. Thus, any resulting cell loss is expected to have only a small influence on picture quality [43]. As mentioned earlier, an alternative to user controlled cell prioritization is selective cell discarding, where cells that violate usage parameter control mechanisms are marked instead of being dropped immediately. With such a marking method, violating cells are marked as low priority and are ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 801-806, June 1989.

....added to the bitstream are used to localize the loss of macroblocks within a frame while maintaining the ease of decoding the correctly received macroblocks. This is crucial 1 Our goal is to protect the least amount of data and yet be able to reconstruct damaged frames unlike other approaches [4, 3, 5, 6]. Hence we only protect the headers without which proper decoding of the sequence would not be possible. 5 to MPEG streams, since the loss of a few bits can perturb the decoding process, and can result in the loss of extended regions within frames. At the receiving end, the MPEG decoder will ....

....in such a way as to reduce the e#ect of cell loss, or to exploit the temporal and spatial redundancies in video data to conceal errors. A brief overview of some of the methods proposed to conceal errors is presented. ATM cell loss concealment techniques based on prioritizing data are described in [4, 10, 3, 5, 11, 12, 13, 6]. Encoded video data is segmented into low priority data such as high frequency DCT coe#cients, and high priority data such as addresses of blocks, motion vectors, and low frequency DCT coe#cients. Such prioritization is performed since motion vectors are crucial to the reconstruction of motion ....

F. Kishino, K. Matanabe, Y. Hayashi, and H. Yasuda, "Variable bit rate coding of video signals for ATM networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 801--806, June 1989.

....study is required to categorically resolve this issue. 2.2.5 Summary of Layered Video Work The work on layered video compression presented in the previous section is far from comprehensive. A large number of layered coding schemes have been proposed, including schemes based on progressive DCT [68, 142, 104], subband coding [39, 11, 158] and pyramidal coding [139] We reviewed some key areas in layered compression research and cited representative or landmark work in each area. Although there is a wealth of existing work in layered compression on which to build, none of this work meets the overall ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y.Hayahi, and H. Yasuda. Variable bit-rate coding of video signals for ATM networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 7(5):801--806, June 1989. 6 ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/conferencing/vat 7 ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/talks/lws-privacy.ps.Z 166

....layers, it is postulated that in case of congestion, cells belonging to low priority layers be dropped first. ATM has a built in mechanism for handling two cell priority levels. This suggests that compressed video information should be layered into high priority (HP) and low priority (LP) tiers [7, 8, 9, 11]. Our proposed scheme has been devised along these lines. It guarantees a minimum level of subjective performance at the decoder under conditions of extreme congestion, even when all low priority cells are continuously being lost. It is also well suited for multicast sessions, where the same image ....

Kishino F., et.al., "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989, pp. 8801-806.

....By introducing priority levels among packets and discarding lower priority packets (during periods of congestion, for example) it is possible to trade off packet losses in different streams. We note that priority packet discarding is a popular congestion control technique for high speed networks [18, 26, 35, 36] which allows network resources to be used more efficiently, thereby making it easier to satisfy GOS requirements of different classes of traffic. In general, loss sensitive traffic such as data is given priority over loss insensitive traffic such as voice. We observe that priority packet ....

....GOS requirements of different classes of traffic. In general, loss sensitive traffic such as data is given priority over loss insensitive traffic such as voice. We observe that priority packet discarding is also suited for use with video traffic in conjunction with an embedded coding technique [12, 18]. With embedded coding, packets containing more important information are given higher priority than those containing less important information, and when network congestion occurs, packets containing less important information are discarded first. In this section, a simple threshold based ....

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol.7, No.5, pp.801-806, June 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable bitrate coding of video signals for ATM networkst't', IEEE J. of Selected Areas in Comm., 7(5), 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, \Variable bit-rate coding of video signals for ATM networks, IEEE J. of Selected Areas in Comm., 7(5), 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable bitrate coding of video signals for ATM networkst't', IEEE J. of Selected Areas in Comm., 7(5), 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi and H. Yasuda, "Variable bitrate coding of video signals for ATM networkst't', IEEE J. of Selected Areas in Comm., 7(5), 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, and H.Yasuda. Variable bit-rate coding of video signals for ATM networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, 7(5), June 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, vol. 7, no. 5, June 1989.

No context found.

F. Kishino, K. Manabe, Y. Hayashi, H. Yasuda, "Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Video Signals for ATM Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 7, No. 5, June 1989, pp. 801-806.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC