BIRTWISTLE, G. M., DAHL, O.-J., MYHRHAUG,B.,AND NY- GAARD, K. 1979. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur (Lund, Sweden), Bratt Institute Fuer Neues Lerned (Goch, FRG), Chartwell-Bratt Ltd (Kent, England).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....proposal about analysis and development of static type systems for OO languages. This can be surprising for whom thinks about OO merely as a programming strategy, moreover one can argue whether if it is useful to study new type systems for OO, when the most used OO languages, C [Str97] Simula [BDMN73], and Java [AG96] too, are all typed. One reason could be that significant historical type systems, such that the one of Simula, or the one developed for a typed version of Smalltalk [BI82] are not completely type safe. A language is not type safe when it is possible to write programs that ....

....proposals for OO in the theoretical setting we are considering (single dispatching setting) as we have already discussed, have centered on object based calculi, where objects, not classes, are seen as the primitive building blocks. However, statically typed, class based languages like Simula [BDMN73], Eiffel [Mey92] C [Str94, ES90] and Java [AG96] are the most common form of OO language. It is then important studying how to model class based features. One technique to model class based languages is to take advantage of object calculi, as well as object calculi has greatly benefited from ....

G.M. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur, Box 1717, S-222 01 Lund, Sweden; Auerbach, 1973.

....by expressing it as a custom simulation model built on top of provided, abstract, building blocks, that are linked together through a process based discrete event simulation engine. Simmcast is based on Java and JavaSim ( 10] a simulation toolkit whose aim is to emulate the Simula language ([1]) facilities in Java. JavaSim, and thus Sirerecast, follows the same process based, object oriented, discrete event model introduced by Simula in the late 60s. Hence, immcast uses a familiar and proven simulation model, used in a wide range of applications, including group communication ....

G. Birtwistle, O-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard, "Simula begin", Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 1973.

....CSP and weaker than that of CCS. 1. Introduction Object orientation [Boo90, Mey88] is a modular design methodology based on the notion that a system is composed of a collection of interacting objects whose behaviours are specified by classes . Although it originated as a programming paradigm [BDM73, GoR83], recently it has found increasing application in the field of formal methods. In particular, a number of existing specification languages have been extended to incorporate object oriented concepts [DKR91b, SBC92, CRS90, SiG89, Nar87] The enhanced structuring provided by such approaches not only ....

Birtwistle, G., Dahl, O-J., Myhrhaug, B. and Nygaard, K.: Simula Begin. Auerbach, 1973.

....however, is provided for discrete event simulation. This is unfortunate since discrete event simulation constitutes an important application area of object oriented programming. This fact has convincingly been demonstrated by SIMULA, one of the first object oriented programming languages [1][2][3] SIMULA provides the standard class SIMULATION, a very powerful tool for discrete event simulation. A simulation encompasses a set of interacting processes. A process is an object associated with a sequence of activities ordered logically in simulated time. Each process has its own life cycle ....

G. M. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug & K. Nygaard, SIMULA BEGIN, Studentlitteratur (1974).

....lifetimes. This report describes a library for coroutine sequencing in C . The implementation does not use any platform specific features and will run unmodified on most platforms. The facilities of the library are based on the coroutine primitives provided by the programming language SIMULA [2, 3]. Both symmetric and semi symmetric sequencing is supported. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives an overview of the library. Some examples of its use are given in Section 3. Its implementation is described in Section 4. Section 5 describes a library for discrete event ....

....below can be used to generate all permutations of integers between 1 and n, where n is a parameter to the constructor of the class. An object of the class acts as a semi coroutine. Each time the object is Called, it makes the next permutation available in the integer array p. The elements p[1] p[2], p[n] contain the permutation. When all permutations have been generated, the integer member More (initially 1) is set to zero. The permutations are generated using the recursive function Permute. class Permuter : public Coroutine public: int N, p, More; Permuter(int n) N(n) p = new ....

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G. M. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug & K. Nygaard, SIMULA BEGIN, Studentlitteratur (1974).

....nested object iterator is an internal object that explicitly o ers extra public services to the aggregate object s clients. Nested objects also require special language support, as provided by Java 2 s inner classes and illustrated in the example [12] or by the nested classes in Simula and Beta [3, 13]. Microsoft s COM component model can provide a similar e ect, with one component supporting multiple instances of a single interface [5] 2.4: Single Integral Cursor Early versions of the Ei el libraries [14] used a rather di erent design for iterators which we call a Single Integral Cursor. In ....

G. M. Birtwistle, O. J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur, 1979.

....new application program, and abstraction libraries are advocated, but large scale libraries have never been built. The abstraction languages were motivated by the software engineering concept of hiding information in modules [Parnas72] Early abstraction mechanisms were the SIMULA class concept [Birtwistle73] and Early s relational data structures [Early73] Some examples of current abstraction languages are CLU [Liskov77] ALPHARD [Shaw77] and SMALLTALK [Goldberg76] The abstraction concept has given a handle to program verification work in that abstraction can be verified and their formal semantics ....

Birtwistle, G.M., Dahl, O-J., Myhrhaug, B., and Nygaard, K., Simula BEGIN, Petrocelli/Charter, 1973.

....a network. Deserializing a stream of bytes into a DLL at some point requires a runtime type check that the library provides the interface expected by the application. In recognition of this, dynamic typing is generally provided in statically typed distributed programming languages [Nelson 1991; Birtwistle et al. 1979; Liskov et al. 1981; Lampson 1983; Cardelli 1986; Rovner 1986] Dynamics have been proposed as a general language independent mechanism for incorporating dynamic typing into a statically typed language, based on an explicit type dynamic for dynamically typed values [Abadi et al. 1991] If e is a ....

Birtwistle, G. M., Dahl, O.-J., Myhrhaug, B., and Nygaard, K. 1979. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur (Lund, Sweden), Bratt Institute Fuer Neues Lerned (Goch, FRG), ChartwellBratt Ltd (Kent, England.

....7.4219x10 10 III 85 0.8 1 6.25 9.2634x10 10 l 1 N N N 0 1 2 N l l l l Figure 4 State diagram description of the model of the reference system. P N ( 10 To appear in Telektronikk 2 1995, Specail issue on teletraffic is a built in construct in the DEMOS class [20,21] over SIMULA [22]. Both are exploiting the fact that the variance to a sum of random variables are reduced if they are pairwise negatively correlated. 5.2.1.1 Antithetic sampling Antithetic sampling performs two complementary input samples to get two negatively correlated outputs. To get a picture of how this ....

G. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. SIMULA begin. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 1979.

....here the module produced for the Prolog example. 4 An object layer to ELAN In this section, we use a similar approach to design an extension of the ELAN language with object oriented features. In object programming, two kinds of languages can be distinguished: class based languages like Simula (Birtwistle et al. 1979), C , Ei el (Meyer, 1992) Java (Arnold and Gosling, 1996) and object based languages like Smalltalk (Goldberg and Robson, 1983) where everything is viewed as an object (even the class) The concepts integrated in ELAN are selected features of an object oriented class based language: they o er ....

Birtwistle, G., Dahl, O.-J., Myhrhaug, B., and Nygaard, K. (1979). Simula Begin. Studenlitteratur.

....standard abstraction mechanisms. All three treatments of classes use translations into provably sound object calculi. 1 Introduction There are several forms of object oriented programming languages, including class based languages such as C [ES90, Str94] Ei#el [Mey92] Java [AG96] Simula [BDMN73] and Smalltalk [GR83] prototype based languages such as Self [US91] and Obliq [Car95] and multi method based approaches such as CommonLisp [Ste84] and Cecil [Cha95] This paper is concerned with the study of class based languages and the relationship between three language constructs: classes, ....

G.M. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur, Box 1717, S-222 01 Lund, Sweden; Auerbach, Philadelphia, 1973.

....update is one of the most unusual aspects of our formal treatment: this operation is not normally found in programming languages. However, method update can be seen as a form of dynamic inheritance [25] which is a feature found in object based languages [7] but not yet in class based languages [6]. Like other forms of dynamic inheritance, method update supports the dynamic modification of object behavior allowing objects, in a sense, to change their class dynamically. Thus, method update gives us an edge in modeling object based constructions, in addition to allowing us to model the more ....

Birtwistle, G.M., O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard, Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur. 1979.

....starting point for addressing some of the deficiencies of current database technology. 2.3.6. The Object Oriented Data Model The object oriented data model has developed from two different strands of computer science. From the programming language fraternity its roots are in the language SIMULA [19]. From the artificial intelligence side the object oriented data model has been influenced by the frame based systems proposed by Minsky [76] and in use in such systems as ART [53] and KEE [41] There is a trend amongst most of the current programming languages to add objectorientation to the ....

Birtwistle, G. M., O. J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug and K. Nygaard, "Simula Begin", Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1973.

....update is one of the most unusual aspects of our formal treatment: this operation is not normally found in programming languages. However, method update can be seen as a form of dynamic inheritance [25] which is a feature found in object based languages [7] but not yet in class based languages [6]. Like other forms of dynamic inheritance, Page 2 method update supports the dynamic modification of object behavior allowing objects, in a sense, to change their class dynamically. Thus, method update gives us an edge in modeling object based constructions, in addition to allowing us to model ....

Birtwistle, G.M., O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard, Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur. 1979.

....to rectify the actual model M. The most popular styles of programming simulation models have been the activity based approach of (E)CSL [9, 14, 15, 32, 41] the event based approach of GASP and early Simscript [34, 17] and the process based approach of GPSS, Simscript II.5 and Simula [35, 10, 2]. However it is quite straightforward to translate between these styles [3, 25] Hence, without loss of generality, we concentrate upon the process based approach as typified by the Demos extension to Simula. In this paper we give a formal denotational semantics for a variety of Demos by ....

G. Birtwistle, O-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula begin. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 1973.

....The text by Hennessy [9] serves as a good introduction to the basic techniques of operational semantics. We extend this range to deal with the basic synchronisations of objectoriented discrete event simulation. Giving the operational semantics of a complete simulation language, such as Simula [4] would require many pages, most of which would contain nothing new. What is needed is an operational semantics for that part of the problem of interest, and since the bugs that give the most trouble are those caused by scheduling and synchronisation problems, we concentrate upon giving simple and ....

G. Birtwistle, O-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula begin. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 1973.

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BIRTWISTLE, G. M., DAHL, O.-J., MYHRHAUG,B.,AND NY- GAARD, K. 1979. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur (Lund, Sweden), Bratt Institute Fuer Neues Lerned (Goch, FRG), Chartwell-Bratt Ltd (Kent, England).

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Birtwistle G.M., Dahl O.-J., Myhrhaug B., Nygaard K.: SIMULA Begin, Auerbach, Lund 1973. 31

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G. Birtwistle, O-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula Begin. Auerbach, 1973.

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G.M. Birtwistle, O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. SIMULA Begin. Aurbach, 1973.

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G. Birtwistle, O-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden, 1973.

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G. Birtwistle, O. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard, SIMULA Begin, Auerbach, Philadelphia, 1973.

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G. M. Birtwistle et al. Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur, 1973. Ref. on page 2.

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Birtwistle, G., Dahl, O., Myhrhaug, B. & Nygaard, K. 1979. Simula Begin. Bromley, England, Chartwell-Bratt Ltd.

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Birtwistle, G.M., O.-J. Dahl, B. Myhrhaug, and K. Nygaard, Simula Begin. Studentlitteratur. 1979.

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