Mehra, Indiresan, and Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a configurable and dependable connection infrastructure needed by the TMO CNCM service. We are currently collaborating with the UCI TMO team to integrate the TAO and TMO middleware as part of the DARPA Quorum integration project. 6. 2 Non CORBA related QoS Research ARMADA: The ARMADA project [46, 47] defines a set of communication and middleware services that support faulttolerant and end to end guarantees for real time distributed applications. ARMADA provides real time communication services based on the X kernel and the Open Group s MKmicrokernel. This infrastructure provides a foundation ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....[35] However, advance reservations do not form part of their design. Other groups have investigated the use of differentiated services (e.g. 40] but not for multiple flow types. The co reservation of multiple resource types has been investigated in the multimedia community: see, for example, [27, 29, 28]. However, these techniques are specialized to specific resource types. The Common Open Policy Service (COPS) protocol [4] is a simple protocol for the exchange of policy information between a Policy Decision Point (PDP) and its communication peer, called Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin. Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees. In Proc. of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

....Server [1] Many works like [13] as well as our previous experience in quality of service support [7] highlights needs to service di#erentiation even in the end system. Di#erent architectures have been proposed and implemented in order to support QoS guarantees in the end system. For example, in [12] are proposed some architectural mechanisms to manage communication resources for guaranteed QoS connections, and in [10, 15] has been addressed the problem of scheduling real time applications on general purpose Operating System in order to provide di#erent classes of communication services. Both ....

A. Mehra, Kang G. Shin,"Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service", in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, (Vol. 23, No. 10), pp. 616-634, October 1997.

....a system based on the Chorus [3] micro kernel. Several distinct policies for admission control and dynamic quality control are outlined in [11] based on the experience with using RealTime Mach [20] a micro kernel architecture which supports the notion of processor capacity reserve. Mehra et al. [13] introduce the real time channel as a paradigm for guaranteed QoS communication services in packetswitched networks. The architecture proposed provides services such as admission control, traffic enforcement, buffer management, and CPU and link scheduling. Rajan et al. 16] propose a formal ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and Kang G. Shin. Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees. In Proceedings of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

....of application level protocols with the rest of the operating system, which provides low level system abstractions, needs to be properly guarded and introduces extra overheads. The Scout OS [14] uses the notion of PATHS to associate resource requirements with the flow processing components. In [15], a similar idea of process per channel is used. QoS for multiple channels are provided via appropriate CPU scheduling of channel handlers. However, work in [15] only provides coarse grained QoS support, in that flows are classified as real time or best effort, and FIFO scheduling is used within ....

....extra overheads. The Scout OS [14] uses the notion of PATHS to associate resource requirements with the flow processing components. In [15] a similar idea of process per channel is used. QoS for multiple channels are provided via appropriate CPU scheduling of channel handlers. However, work in [15] only provides coarse grained QoS support, in that flows are classified as real time or best effort, and FIFO scheduling is used within each class. Although the theory of providing QoS is well recognized, the repetitive and iterative nature of protocol processing is clearly observed, and the ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K.G. Shin. Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees. In _ji bdc Real-Time Systems Symposium, Dec 1996.

....from this end point OMEGA architecture, made the QualMan end point model and architecture more scalable and advanced, and provided QoS enforcement functions such as proper scheduling, monitoring, and adaptation within a range of QoS values performed by the resource servers. The Real Time Channel [MIS96] is another novel approach in providing a communication subsystem with QoS guarantees. It implements an UDP like transport protocol using the x kernel on the Motorola 68040 chip. Each RT channel is served by a periodic RT thread (called channel handler) which runs its protocol stack. The channel ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin. Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees. In Proc. of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

....of resource co allocation as a necessary function in this architecture. The co allocation problem has not previously received attention in the high performance distributed computing community. While co allocation issues arise in other situations (for example, co allocation of processors and memory [20], co allocation of CPU and networks [25, 24] setup of reservations along network paths [28, 10, 8, 16, 2] the dynamic nature of the Grid environment poses special challenges including the potential for failure and the heterogenous nature of the underlying resource set. In this paper, we ....

....relevant to the co allocation problem is multimedia system research concerned with identifying the appropriate mix of resources required to provide desired end to end QoS. Multimedia applications have motivated the development of techniques for allocating both memory and CPU for channel handlers [20] and of CPU, bandwidth, and other resources for video streams [25, 24] However, these techniques are specific to particular mixes of resources and do not extend easily to other resource types. 2.2 Scheduling and Advance Reservation We make some brief comments on the role that scheduling and ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin. Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees. In Proc. of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

....message that is currently using the PCI bus. The above mentioned situation is eliminated by performing LANaito host PCI transfers only during the receive task s allotted CPU time. 4. 5 QoS sensitivity QoS sensitive protocol processing is necessary to meet QoS requirements of real time tasks [18]. Generally, link traffic is prioritized based on a scheme such as Earliest Deadline First, or Weighted Fair Queuing to ensure that processes with the most stringent QoS requirements are serviced first. On our system, prioritizing is done by the Turtle scheduler based on message deadlines of the ....

Mehra, A., A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin. Structuring communication software for Quality of Service guarantees. In Proceedings of the Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp 144-154. 1996.

....processing efficiency, since the integra2 tion of application level protocols with the rest of the operating system, needs to be properly guarded and introduces extra overheads. The Scout os [14] uses the notion of paths to associate resource requirements with the flow processing components. In [15], a similar idea of process perchannel is used. qos for multiple channels is provided via appropriate cpu scheduling of channel handlers. However, work in [15] only provides coarse grained qos support, in that flows are classified as real time or best effort, and fifo scheduling is used within ....

....extra overheads. The Scout os [14] uses the notion of paths to associate resource requirements with the flow processing components. In [15] a similar idea of process perchannel is used. qos for multiple channels is provided via appropriate cpu scheduling of channel handlers. However, work in [15] only provides coarse grained qos support, in that flows are classified as real time or best effort, and fifo scheduling is used within each class. Although the theory of providing qos is well recognized, the repetitive and iterative nature of protocol processing is clearly observed, and the ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K.G. Shin. Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees. In 17 th Real-Time Systems Symposium, Dec 1996.

.... threads) Resource requirements are estimated by monitoring (instead of measuring) Applications are expected to scale (instead of L 4 ATM s assumption on dumb applications) A related approach with very similar goals on designing end system s communication subsystem is proposed in [19], based on the x kernel. A thread per connection model is favored there, too. L 4 ATM improves on this approach in several ways: 1) Multitasking in L 4 ATM is fully preemptive, and not cooperative. 2) Suspending threads in the L 4 ATM implementation is work preserving (e.g. no busy ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin. Structuring Communication Software for Quality of Service Guarantees. In 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), December 1996.

....a plethora of QoS policies and mechanisms that address enforcement, allocation, and adaptation. These research activities have addressed specific issues, such as hierarchical scheduling [41] fair resource allocation [42] distributed signaling protocols [43] and admission control policies [44]. Core networking technologies: During the past decade, there has been substantial R D emphasis on high speed networking and performance optimizations for network elements [45] and protocols [3] These efforts have paid off such that networking products are now available off the shelf that can ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....a configurable and dependable connection infrastructure needed by the TMO CNCM service. We are currently collaborating with the UCI TMO team to integrate the TAO and TMO middleware as part of the DARPA Quorum integration project. 5. 2 Non CORBA related QoS Research ARMADA: The ARMADA project [43, 44] defines a set of communication and middleware services that support faulttolerant and end to end guarantees for real time distributed applications. ARMADA provides real time communication services based on the X kernel and the Open Group s MKmicrokernel. This infrastructure provides a foundation ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....a plethora of QoS policies and mechanisms that address enforcement, allocation, and adaptation. These research activities have addressed specific issues, such as hierarchical scheduling [38] fair resource allocation [39] distributed signaling protocols [40] and admission control policies [41]. 4 Progress to Date Our progress to date in identifying key patterns and developing techniques for adaptive and dynamic resource management and applying them to real time mission critical systems can be classified into three main areas: 1) adaptive resource management, 2)adaptive ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....off line scheduling model to provide on line scheduling. In addition, Epiq allows clients to be added and removed dynamically via an admission test at run time. The Epiq project is work in progress and empirical results are not yet available. Non CORBA related QoS research: The ARMADA project [38, 39] defines a set of communication and middleware services that support fault tolerant and end to end guarantees for real time distributed applications. ARMADA provides real time communication services based on the X kernel and the Open Group s MK microkernel. This infras24 tructure provides a ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....a configurable and dependable connection infrastructure needed by the TMOCNCM service. We are currently collaborating with the UCI TMO team to integrate the TAO and TMO middleware as part of the DARPA Quorum integration project. 5. 2 Non CORBA related QoS Research ARMADA: The ARMADA project [42, 43] defines a set of communication and middleware services that support faulttolerant and end to end guarantees for real time distributed applications. ARMADA provides real time communication services based on the X kernel and the Open Group s MK microkernel. This infrastructure provides a foundation ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....a plethora of QoS policies and mechanisms that address enforcement, allocation, and adaptation. These research activities have addressed specific issues, such as hierarchical scheduling [38] fair resource allocation [39] distributed signaling protocols [40] and admission control policies [41]. 4 Progress to Date Our progress to date in identifying key patterns and developing techniques for adaptive and dynamic resource management and applying them to real time mission critical systems can be classified into three main areas: 1) adaptive resource management, 2) adaptive ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

....a configurable and dependable connection infrastructure needed by the TMOCNCM service. We are currently collaborating with the UCI TMO team to integrate the TAO and TMO middleware as part of the DARPA Quorum integration project. Non CORBA related QoS research: ffl ARMADA: The ARMADA project (Mehra et al. 1997; Abdelzaher et al. 1997) defines a set of communication and middleware services that support fault tolerant and end to end guarantees for real time distributed applications. ARMADA provides real time communication services based on the X kernel and the Open Group s MK micro kernel. This ....

Mehra, A., A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin: 1997, `Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees'. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 23(10), 616--634.

....control over preemption points, which in turn improves utilization of resources that may be used concurrently. With cooperative preemption, a handler can initiate transmission on the link before yielding to any higher priority activity. 6 Related Work This paper (an earlier version appeared in [34]) deals with run time communication resource management for provision of QoS guarantees at end hosts. The proposed QoS sensitive architecture and admission control extensions for sending as well as receiving hosts have been fully implemented in the ARMADA guaranteed QoS communication service [10] ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin, "Structuring communication software for quality of service guarantees," in Proc. 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 144--154, December 1996.

....delays, delay jitter and packet loss rates, are often required on connections between peer applications. Though various flow control and queuing schemes have been suggested to provide these (per connection) guarantees [8] we have shown that implementation system overheads [9] CPU scheduling [10], and the division of services between the host and adapter [1] greatly influence performance in ways that are often not obvious. END permits rapid implementation and evaluation of various policies and algorithms. See [10] for an example of QoS evaluation using simple emulation techniques, and ....

....we have shown that implementation system overheads [9] CPU scheduling [10] and the division of services between the host and adapter [1] greatly influence performance in ways that are often not obvious. END permits rapid implementation and evaluation of various policies and algorithms. See [10] for an example of QoS evaluation using simple emulation techniques, and experiments using END are described in [1] 5.2 Performability Analysis END may be used to verify the correctness of protocols, and study their behavior in the presence of faults. Since the entire behavior of an adapter is ....

A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin, "Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees," in Proc. of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

....tradeoffs similar to O2, we focus on O1 and O2 in the discussion below. Selecting a packet for transmission incurs some overhead in addition to that of initiating transmission on the link. Additional overhead may be involved if the link scheduler must transfer packets between link packet queues [117]. In O1, the scheduler is frequently invoked from the interrupt service routine (ISR) announcing completion of packet transmission. Since the scheduling overhead involved can be substantial in the worst case, it is undesirable to incur this penalty in the ISR, as this prolongs the duration for ....

....processor. As part of handling the interrupt, the ISR examines packet headers (possibly via a packet filter) to classify the packet, i.e. determine the channel it corresponds to, and enqueues the packet in the channel s input queue for subsequent processing by the corresponding channel handler [117]. Note that the handler performs message reassembly after processing the last packet of a message, and enqueues the message in the channel message queue for subsequent 98 retrieval by the application. Let C r p denote the cost of processing a packet other than the last packet of a received ....

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A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin, "Structuring communication software for quality of service guarantees," in Proc. 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 144--154, December 1996.

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Mehra, Indiresan, and Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

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Mehra, Indiresan, and Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

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A. Mehra, Kang G. Shin,"Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service", in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, (Vol. 23, No. 10), pp. 616-634, October 1997.

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A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. Shin. Structuring communication software for quality-of-service guarantees. In Proc. of 17th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1996.

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A. Mehra, A. Indiresan, and K. G. Shin, "Structuring Communication Software for Quality-of-Service Guarantees," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 616--634, Oct. 1997.

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