R. Reibman, and A. Berger, "On VBR video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks" Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM'9, pp. 314-319, 1992.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... a feedback mechanism to maintain the QoS of the distributed video system [32] On the other hand, streaming video system likes RealPlayer and RealSystem G2 from Real Network [23] VDOLive Player from VDOnet [29] InterUV Player [9] NetShow from Microsoft [17] and Streamworks from Xing Technology [27] are commercially available. However, the performance of such systems highly relies on the available bandwidth, on the utilization of a large amount of buffers. Furthermore, they do not provide much QoS guarantees on the video, not to mention that each of these systems has its own proprietary ....

R. Reibman, and A. Berger, "On VBR video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks" Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM'9, pp. 314-319, 1992.

....o ered to a network by a user is called a shaping algorithm or shaper. The high speed of modern packet networks requires simplicity in the design of shaping algorithms. Some examples of shapers are token buckets and sliding windows . See for instance Jalali and Mason [3] and Reibman and Burger [6]. The de nition of burstiness in the paper has been chosen to be very closely related both to these simple shaping algorithms and to the delay and loss performance characteristics of periodic service queues. Sharp upper bounds are presented for the burstiness of customer departure stream in terms ....

....g) 2) min(f; g) 3) Remark 2.9 For w 2 Z n f0g, the ratio (wT ) 1 a (w) is the maximum data ow rate that is sustained over w inter service intervals of duration T . This is a sort of data ow rate pro le or spectrum. It is called the negotiated average bit rate by Reibman and Berger [6]. The value of this ratio for small w is related to the peak data ow rate. For large w, it is related to the long term mean data ow rate. For intermediate w values, a (w) gives information about the behaviour of the trac stream at intermediate time scales. Hence this burstiness function ....

A. R. Reibman, A. W. Berger, On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks, IEEE Globecom, Orlando, Florida (1992), 314-319.

....number of admissible streams, as well as at the client, in terms of reducing the cost of receiving the video. The second is that when streams are optimally smoothed, relatively infrequent renegotiations (on the order of once per minute) yield high performance. 8 Related work Reibman and Berger [22, 21] have conducted an extensive study of compressed video transport over ATM, for video generated on line by delay sensitive applications such as teleconferencing. One of their objectives is to evaluate smoothing techniques within the video encoder which reduce the stream s peak rate, and thus ....

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pages 314--319, 1992.

....bit rate (VBR) video. Packet switching networks such as ATM networks where transmission capacity is allocated on demand by statistical multiplexing can in principle carry VBR video traffic without a significant loss in bandwidth utilization. However, it is obvious, and has been demonstrated [9, 10], that the statistical multiplexing gain of finite buffer packet switches can improve substantially by reducing the variance of input traffic rates. 4 This is one of the objectives of the lossless smoothing algorithm to be presented in this paper. Changes in the output rate of an MPEG encoder ....

....used for rate control, all of which are lossy. The smoothing problem of interest in this paper has a different objective, and is unique to VBR video encoded using interframe techniques, such as MPEG video, which has different types of pictures with a wide range of sizes. It has been demonstrated [9, 10] that the statistical multiplexing gain of a finite buffer packet switch (such as an ATM switch) can be increased by reducing the variance of its input traffic. 8 For the specific objective of reducing picture to picture rate fluctuations that are a consequence of interframe coding, lossless ....

A. Reibman and A. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proceedings of GLOBECOM '92, pages 314--319, 1993.

....contract F 19628 92 C 0089. The authors can be contacted at fzhzhang,kurose,salehi,towsleyg cs.umass.edu. 1 A number of researchers have considered using video smoothing algorithms to reduce the variability in transmitting stored video from a server to a client across a high speed network [6, 17, 18, 21, 22, 27]. These algorithms exploit client buffering capabilities to determine a smooth rate transmission schedule, while ensuring that the client buffer neither overflows nor underflows. Such techniques can achieve significant reduction in rate variability. For example, over a set of MPEG 1 coded video ....

....ahead of its playback time is stored in a client buffer. In order to ensure continuous playback at the client, the server must transmit the video stream in a manner that ensures that the client buffer neither underflows nor overflows. Various video smoothing algorithms have been developed [6, 17, 18, 21, 22, 27] that exploit client buffering capabilities to reduce the rate variability existing in VBR compressed video, while ensuring that the client buffer neither overflows nor underflows. The issue of minimizing buffer requirements for stored video streams transmitted over that under CBR service when ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, 314--319, 1992.

.... a feedback mechanism to maintain the QoS of the distributed video system [32] On the other hand, streaming video system likes RealPlayer and RealSystem G2 from Real Network [23] VDOLive Player from VDOnet [29] InterUV Player [9] NetShow from Microsoft [17] and Streamworks from Xing Technology [27] are commercially available. However, the performance of such systems highly relies on the available bandwidth, on the utilization of a large amount of bu ers. Furthermore, they do not provide much QoS guarantees on the video, not to mention that each of these systems has its own proprietary video ....

R. Reibman, and A. Berger, "On VBR video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks" Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM'92, pp. 314-319, 1992.

....Shaping Smoothing Smoothing traffic at the ingress to the network to make it less bursty has in many contexts been recognized as a means of increasing the schedulable region of the network. For example, numerous authors have proposed off line work ahead [16] 7] 30] 24] as well as on line [20], 21] 12] smoothing techniques for the transmission of stored and interactive real time video traffic. The focus in many of these frameworks has been the reduction of the traffic stream s peak rate, rate variance, or some related cost metric, typically under buffering constraints. Moreover, the ....

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. On vbr video teleconferencing over atm networks. In Proceedings of GLOBECOM '92, pages 314--319, Orlando, FL, USA, Decemeber 1992.

.... have relied on the law of large numbers to reap the benefits of statistical multiplexing for a relatively large number of uncorrolated streams [9] Further, it has been demonstrated that increasing the delay (through buffering of data) can increase the statistical multiplexing gain in the system [10]. 3 Streaming over the Internet is characterized by best effort service, since the Internet protocols (TCP and UDP) provide no hard time guarantees for timely delivery of data. This makes lossless schemes more difficult. Some lossless techniques deliver frames using a reliable protocol and ....

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. On VBR Video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks. Proc. IEEE GLOBECOMM, pp. 314-319, 1992.

.... been studied in many contexts [1, 2, 30, 32, 10, 28, 27, 29, 25, 5, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20, 24, 33] In particular, a number of researchers have considered using video smoothing techniques to reduce the variability in transmitting stored video from a server to a client across a high speed network [6, 15, 18, 19, 21, 33] by take advantage of the client buffer capabilities. These video smoothing techniques (implicitly) assume a homogeneous underlying network environment, and thus do not address the issue of heterogeneity in 22 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 WAN Bandwidth Requirement (MB s) ....

REIBMAN, A. R., AND BERGER, A. W. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM (1992), pp. 314--319.

....We use the term picture as in [3] In this paper and the literature, the terms frame, image, and picture are often used interchangeably. multiplexing can in principle carry VBR video traffic without a significant loss in bandwidth utilization. However, it is obvious, and has been demonstrated [9, 10], that the statistical multiplexing gain of finite buffer packet switches can improve substantially by reducing the variance of input traffic rates. 4 This is one of the objectives of the lossless smoothing algorithm to be presented in this paper. Changes in the output rate of an MPEG encoder ....

....used for rate control, all of which are lossy. The smoothing problem of interest in this paper has a different objective, and is unique to VBR video encoded using interframe techniques, such as MPEG video, which has different types of pictures with a wide range of sizes. It has been demonstrated [9, 10] that the statistical multiplexing gain of a finite buffer packet switch (such as an ATM switch) can be increased by reducing the variance of its input traffic. 7 To reduce picture to picture rate fluctuations that are a consequence of interframe coding, it is easy to see that lossless smoothing ....

A. Reibman and A. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In INFOCOM '92, pages 314--319, 1993.

....number of admissible streams, as well as at the client, in terms of reducing the cost of receiving the video. The second is that when streams are optimally smoothed, relatively infrequent renegotiations (on the order of once a minute) yield high performance. 7 Related work Reibman and Berger [19, 18] have conducted an extensive study of compressed video transport over ATM, for video generated online by delay sensitive applications such as teleconferencing. One of their objectives is to evaluate smoothing techniques within the video encoder which reduce the stream s peak rate, and thus ....

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. "On VBR Video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks". Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, p. 314-319, 1992.

....task. Hence techniques for reducing the burstiness (rate variability) of video are of significant interest. A number of researchers have considered using video smoothing algorithms to reduce the variability in transmitting stored video from a server to a client across a high speed network [23, 24, 8, 20, 19, 27]. These algorithms exploit client buffering capabilities to determine a smooth rate transmission schedule, while ensuring that a client This work was supported by NSF under grant CCR 9119922 and NCR 9508274. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper ....

....0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 No. of Transmission Sizes Transmission Size (Kb) Smoothed: 1MB Client Buffer (c) Smoothed: 1MB Figure 2: Impact of the Optimal Smoothing on the Marginal Distributions Various video smoothing algorithms have been developed [23, 24, 8, 20, 19, 27] that exploit client buffering capabilities to reduce the rate variability existing in VBR compressed video, while ensuring that a client buffer neither overflows nor underflows. The issue of minimizing buffer requirements for video streams transmitted in a CBR or piece wise CBR manner is studied ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pages 314--319, 1992.

....bit rate (VBR) video. Packet switching networks such as ATM networks where transmission capacity is allocated on demand by statistical multiplexing can in principle carry VBR video traffic without a significant loss in bandwidth utilization. However, it is obvious, and has been demonstrated [10, 11], that the statistical multiplexing gain of finite buffer packet switches can improve substantially by reducing the variance of input traffic rates. 4 This is one of the objectives of the lossless smoothing algorithm to be presented in this paper. Changes in the output rate of an MPEG encoder ....

....used for rate control, all of which are lossy. The smoothing problem of interest in this paper has a different objective, and is unique to VBR video encoded using interframe techniques, such as MPEG video, which has different types of pictures with a wide range of sizes. It has been demonstrated [10, 11] that the statistical multiplexing gain of a finite buffer packet switch (such as an ATM switch) can be increased by reducing the variance of its input traffic. 8 For the specific objective of reducing picture to picture rate fluctuations that are a consequence of interframe coding, lossless ....

A. Reibman and A. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In Proceedings of GLOBECOM '92, pages 314--319, 1993.

....services such as video conferencing, it may be intolerable for other services such as VoD or the broadcast of a sporting event. For these services, it is preferable to perform VBR encoding. For this reason, many video researchers have focused on traffic management issues for VBR video sources [18] [19] [8] 7] 10] 27] 17] 10] 20] 23] 5] 4] 11] The majority of this work on VBR video assumes that the traffic is generated by a live source, such as a video conference or a sporting event. However, we contend that prerecorded VBR sources have special properties which are not shared by their ....

A.R. Reibman and A.W. Berger. On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks. In IEEE Globecom 92, 1992.

....achieves high utilization under RCBR has not yet beendemonstrated. To keep the comparison more balanced, the Guaranteed service curves have been computed using the empirical envelope; a more realistic traffic constraint function would lower utilization somewhat. 8 Related work Reibman and Berger [21, 20] have conducted an extensive study of compressed video transport over ATM, for video generated online by delay sensitive applications such as teleconferencing. One of their objectives is to evaluate smoothing techniqueswithin the video encoder which reduce the stream s peak rate, and thus increase ....

A. R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. "On VBR Video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks". Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, p. 314-319, 1992.

....of the encoder. Moreover, we are able to address in detail the issue of buffer delay management in the face of delayed network responses to requests from the source for increased bandwidth. There has been considerable work examining the effectiveness of smoothing of stored video; see e.g. [8, 9, 10, 11, 14]. These require advance knowledge of at least a part of the future sequence of frame sizes. This results in a corresponding playback delay of a few seconds. On the other hand, our approach to smoothing is to make it suitable for a wide range of video applications including interactive ones. ....

A.R. Reibman and A.W. Berger, "On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks," in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), December 1992.

....of the encoder. Moreover, we are able to address in detail the issue of buffer delay management in the face of delayed network responses to requests from the source for increased bandwidth. There has been considerable work examining the effectiveness of smoothing of stored video; see e.g. 8] [9], 10] 11] 14] These require advance knowledge of at least a part of the future sequence of frame sizes. This results in a corresponding playback delay of a few seconds. On the other hand, our approach to smoothing is to make it suitable for a wide range of video applications including ....

A.R. Reibman and A.W. Berger, "On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks," in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), December 1992.

....at a given time. The aggregate flow tends to be less bursty than the individual flows. The larger the number of simultaneously active flows, the higher the potential for multiplexing gain. There has been considerable work examining the effectiveness of smoothing of stored video; see e.g. 17] [18], 19] 20] 22] These require advance knowledge of at least a part of the future sequence of frame sizes. This results in a corresponding playback delay of a few seconds. On the other hand, our approach to smoothing is to make it suitable for a wide range of video applications including ....

Reibman, A.R., and Berger, A.W., "On VBR video teleconferencing over ATM networks," in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), December 1992.

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