R.M. Downs and D. Stea, "Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products. In Image and Environments, (Downs and Stea, Eds), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, 1973, pp. 8-26. 15  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... terminals using refresh able Braille displays, and speech synthesizers [7] Mental representations of space are often called cognitive maps (CMs) There are a number of other definitions of Cognitive Maps (CMs) as reviewed by Kitchin [55, 54] Cognitive maps are formally defined in Downs and Stea [63] as . a process composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual acquires, codes, stores, recalls, and decodes information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday spatial environment. In other words, Downs and Shea [63] define ....

....and Stea [63] as . a process composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual acquires, codes, stores, recalls, and decodes information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday spatial environment. In other words, Downs and Shea [63] define cognitive mapping as the process of acquiring, forming, and maintaining spatial information and spatial knowledge. Whether in real or virtual space we form cognitive maps to deal with and process the information contained in the surrounding environment. We all carry the picture of the ....

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R.M. Downs and D. Stea, "Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products. In Image and Environments, (Downs and Stea, Eds), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, 1973, pp. 8-26. 15

....categories, which are distributed in a non uniform manner, though with a whereness quality. On the other hand, the agent (human, animal or robot) is relatively small, with limited and inaccurate sensing abilities, limited mobility, finite storage capacity, computational power and available time [DoSt73a]. It is important to note that there is a high correlation between the agent and its environment. It would be erroneous to separate the two. The agent s 4 behavior, which is the only thing that is really observable, depends heavily on its environment and the stimuli it receives. On the other ....

Downs Roger, M. and David Stea, "Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products", in Roger M. Downs and David Stea (eds.), Image and Environment, Adline Pub, 1973, pp. 8--26.

....categories, which are distributed in a non uniform manner, though with a whereness quality. On the other hand, the agent (human, animal or robot) is relatively small, with limited and inaccurate sensing abilities, limited mobility, finite storage capacity, computational power and available time [DoSt73a]. It is important to note that there is a high correlation between the agent and its environment. It would be erroneous to separate the two. The agent s behavior, which is the only thing that is really observable, depends heavily on its environment and the stimuli it receives. On the other hand, ....

Downs Roger, M. and David Stea, "Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products", in Roger M. Downs and David Stea (eds.), Image and Environment, Adline Pub, 1973, pp. 8--26.

....design. KEYWORDS Cognitive Mapping, Virtual Environments, Sketch Maps, Mental Models. INTRODUCTION Whether in real or virtual space we form cognitive maps to deal with and process the information contained in the surrounding environment. Cognitive mapping is formally defined by Downs and Stea [6] as: a process composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual acquires, codes, stores, recalls, and decodes information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday spatial environment. An individual s cognitive map is an active ....

....representations such as maps. From ideas about the environment which are inferred from experiences in other similar spatial locations. Of these, an individual s sensory modalities provide direct sources of information and are more effective in cognitive map formation than indirect sources[6]. Cognitive maps are created as the result of active and passive modes of information processing [14] Generally, active information processing gives the greatest meaning to the information processed and produces more information for the moving perceiver. Thus the information produced by ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Downs, R.M. and Stea, D. Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products. In Image and Environment, (Downs, R.M. and Stea, D. Eds.), Aldine Publishing Co., Chicago, 1973, pp8-26.

....that large scale environmental representations have a hierarchical organization. Expertise seems to consist of an expanded knowledge of neighborhoods, streets, and environmental perceptual cues. The concept of mental maps was extended by Downs and Stea to encompass definition, development, and use [25]. Their compact definition of cognitive mapping is as follows: Cognitive mapping is a process composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual acquires, codes, stores, recalls, and decodes information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in his ....

....cognitive mapping is as follows: Cognitive mapping is a process composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual acquires, codes, stores, recalls, and decodes information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in his everyday spatial environment . [25] In this context, a cognitive map represents a functional analogue of a cartographic map. This view is compatible with the propositional view of mental map representation. Cognitive versions probably use a variety of signatures, which are sets of encoding and decoding operations. These signatures ....

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Roger M. Downs and David Stea, "Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behavior: Process and Products." In Rober M. Downs and David Stea, eds., Image and Environment. Chicago: Aldine, 1973.

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Downs, R. M. and Stea, D. (1973a). Cognitive maps and spatial behavior: Process and products. In Downs and Stea (1973b), pages 8--26.

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