P. Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....shared with Peter. For example, Rupert infers that John refers to John Smith , and is aware that John Smith works for Microsoft and is interested in licensing the product called GuideBeam. Such lifting of background context in relation to an utterance has been termed conversational implicature [1]. Conversational implicature is any meaning implied or understood from an utterance which goes beyond what is strictly expressed or entailed. Particularized implicatures are those holding only within a specific occasion or situation. Generalized implicatures hold, in principle, whenever an ....

....are those holding only within a specific occasion or situation. Generalized implicatures hold, in principle, whenever an utterance is uttered. Our concern is how particularized implicatures, like the ones above, can be mined from a small, coherent set of utterances within a given situation. Grice [1] posited that conversational implicature is fashioned out of the following: the linguistic meaning of the utterance; contextual information (i.e, shared background or general knowledge) the utterance accords with the cooperative principle that is, the utterer and receiver of the ....

Grice, P. Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press: 1989

....namely how the same generation goal processed with the same grammar and the same algorithm may result in di erent texts depending on the information available in the domain model. Moreover, the algorithm used may be motivated by an appeal to general pragmatic principles. Echoing Grice [Grice 1975, Grice 1989] we could say that trying rules in order of speci city amounts to the same thing as trying to make your contribution as informative as is required (Maxim of Quantity) And only applying rules whose domain constraints are satis ed of course means not saying that which you believe to be false ....

Grice, H. P. (1989) Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press.

....information surrounding John such as Smith , Microsoft etc. and secondly with terms implicit in the original utterance (Note: we continue using the example framed in 5. 2) It is our view that the set of such associations form a part, if not the basis, of Grice s conversational implicature [1]. The chapter describes techniques for computing associations in a dimensional space that have shown promise in the literature. The goal is to provide some initial insights as to their usefulness for mining conversational implicature by applying them to a small set of email utterances. The second ....

....is marked. The relative poor performance of the information flow model is somewhat surprising given that it has had notable success in uncovering implicit word associations for use in automatic query expansion [10] HAL [0,# HAL Minkowski [0. 074,1] LSA t=3 LSA t=3 Cosine [0,1] Information Flow [0,1] John you (17) peter (10) guy (10) smith (10) hi (10) he (9) r=0.19 (0.10) 2 # # 2 # Smith (25.4) agreement (22.8) Guidebeam (21.7) guy (16.9) He (16.9) licence (16.8) r=0.68 (0.70) 2 # # 2 # Can (0.45) Microsoft (0.44) He (0.44) we (0.43) guy (0.42) ....

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Grice, P. Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press: 1989

....below, 2. the candidate list is filtered. If no identifiers remain goto step 1. The factors controlling how this filtering is performed are discussed in the remaining subsections below. Some of the most influential ideas on how humans communicate meaning, using language, were proposed by Grice [112] and his maxims have been the starting point for much further research. An up to date, easier to follow, discussion is provided by Clark [49] while the issue of relevance is discussed in some detail by Sperber and Wilson [251] More detailed information on the theory and experimental results, ....

Paul Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, 1989.

....Iraq cannot be used as a code sentence. See [P94b] for a discussion of the case where because of vagueness the meanings are not the same, but the signal does, nonetheless, result in an increase of utility measured in terms of the time taken by an algorithm. 16 6 Meaning and Implicature In [Gri89] Paul Grice introduces the notion of implicature where what is implicated in an utterance is more than what is actually said. For instance the question Do you have any salt normally carries the implicature, I d like some . How does implicature di#er from plain meaning This di#erence can ....

Grice, P., Studies in the Way of Words, Harvard University Press, 1989.

....contribution to proving # or its negation #. Our account di#ers sharply from Cooper s, however, in acknowledging degrees of relevance, which Cooper explicitly rejects. Our pragmatic response to the paradoxes of implication is inspired by the defence of the material conditional due to Grice [Gri89] and others (e.g. Fogelin [Fog78] However, Grice s theory of conversation makes appeal to an unexplicated notion of relevance, a fact that makes the account potentially question begging vis a vis relevance logic; as some relevance logicians have noted, relevance logic can be seen as an ....

P. Grice. Studies in the Ways of Words. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1989.

....making this proposition true. So, we say that one subject i proclaims that A when i makes a statement which expresses A, and has the function of realising A. The type of speech act we have so defined has some interesting peculiarities. First, note that it is neutral in regard to intention based [14] and non intention based theories of speech acts [17] By saying that the proclamation that A has the function to achieve A we do not specify how the notion of function is to be characterized: it may be determined by the intention of the speaker, by the intention attributed to the speaker by its ....

P. Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1989. 16

.... In [43] he introduces original formal characterisations of speech acts in the spirit of Searle [50] Sadek distinguishes several effects: the indirect effect of a speech act is the preservation of its preconditions; its intentional effect corresponds to the gricean point of view of communication [25], and its rational effect is the expected effect of the act. Although his axioms can handle our example, due to their autoepistemic flavour they do not give us a constructive formal definition of deduction. Rao Georgeff [36, 37] have proposed theories and architectures for rational agents. ....

H. Paul Grice. Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press, USA, 3rd edition, 1989.

....A reading j is inconsistent if and only if :j logically follows from Y[F. A reading j is non informative if and only if j logically follows from Y[F. Readings corresponding to one kind of these definitions should be rejected as discourse continuations as they are violating conversational maximes [Gri89]. Let us illustrate the generation of discourse models satisfying consistency and informativity by an example where coreference is indicated by same indices. Mia 1 s husband 3 loves Sally 2 . She i is married. 1) Assume that we have already identified Mia s husband and found out that She ....

H. Paul Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1989.

....not. For a formal account of indirect answerhood we refer to Piwek (1998) Summary and further reading The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of logic for the study of conversation. In this respect, our aims are very much in line with Grice s work on logic and conversation (Grice, 1975; 1989). Grice tried to show that the apparent divergences between certain formal devices, such as , and their counterparts in natural language (and, or, if . then . are illusive, and disappear when we carefully study the conditions governing conversations. Of course, things have changed ....

Grice, H.P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

....True) would not yield the desired results. In natural language, we can indeed express the nondeterminism of coin tossing by expressions such as Toss causes heads or tails and even Toss causes heads or not heads. But this works, we suggest, only because of certain conversational implicatures [Grice, 1989] that these expressions have in addition to their logical content; for example, in the latter case, the implicatures are that Toss possibly causes heads, and Toss possibly causes not heads. That these are indeed 55 fact, extensions of both kinds, as well as others, are possible. However, we ....

Paul Grice. Studies in the way of words. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1989.

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P. Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

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Grice, P., 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachussetts.

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Paul H. Grice. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

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H. P. Grice, Studies on the way of words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989.

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Grice, P. (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

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H. Grice, Studies in the way of words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989.

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P. Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1989.

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Grice, P. (1989) Studies in the Way of Words, Harward University Press, Cambridge.

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Grice, H.P. (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, Harvard University Press.

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Grice, H.P. (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, Harvard University Press.

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H. Paul Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, 1989.

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Grice, H. P. (1989) Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard.

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Grice, H. Paul. 1986. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

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H. Paul Grice. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989.

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