| M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. RFC 2488, Jan. 1999. |
....a T MON under the interleaving scheme, when the interruption for full link capacity is made for each of the three time critical applications. The DT MAX for different types of applications[1,5,6] are shown in Table 1. The DT used here is an approximation of satellite propagation delay, 250 msec[4]. Application Telesurgery VoIP Video Conferencing DT MAX (msec) 330 400 500 Table 1. DT MAX for each application 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Satellite Link Bandwidth (Mbps) Data Size (KByte) Telesurgery VoIP Video Conferencing Figure 5. RMUS data ....
M. Allman, D. Glover and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC2488, Jan. 1999.
....round trip delay between sending a data packet and receiving the last corresponding control packet at the sender. The round trip delay determines the time after a data packet can be removed from memory and influences the sending rate and throughput if the sender uses a window based sending scheme [6]. Furthermore, knowledge about this delay is important to adjust the retransmission timeout at the sender. For the analytical model as well as for the simulation model we tried to describe the reality as good as possible. This includes data packet and control packet loss, asynchronous local ....
....examine the round trip delay of AACKs, i.e. the mean time between sending a packet and receiving the corresponding AACKs at the sender. Note that this delay is used to manage the sending window and release bu#er space. Furthermore, it limits the throughput if a window based sending scheme is used [6]. Before a receiver sends an AACK it must receive the data packet before. The mean waiting time between sending a packet and receiving the last AACK at the sender is given by: RTD ) sending transmissions E(X) E(W G ) # H E(W receiving last successful retransmission (h ....
Allman, M., Glover, D., Sanchez, L.: Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. Internet Engineering Task Force, Network Working Group, Request for Comments, RFC 2488 URL: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2488.txt (1999)
....delay or capacity increases. Although the full impact of large bandwidth delay products is yet to come, we can see the seeds of these problems in the current Internet. For example, TCP over satellite links has revealed network utilization issues and an undesirable bias against long RTT flows [9]. Also, currently many organizations would like to use Internet2 to attain a few Gb s end to end throughput, but they are unable to achieve this large throughput using TCP [73, 5, 28] 36 XCP: eXplicit Control Protocol XCP is a congestion control protocol that embodies the principle of ....
....See Figure 3 3. In contrast, XCP maintains high utilization independently of delay. The adverse impact of large delay on TCP s performance has been noted over satellite links. The bursty nature of TCP has been suggested as a potential explanation and packet pacing has been proposed as a solution [9]; however, this experiment shows that burstiness is a minor factor. In particular, XCP is a bursty window based protocol but it copes with delay much better than TCP. It does so by adjusting its aggressiveness according to round trip 55 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 (a) Number of FTP Flows ....
M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing tcp over satellite channels using standard mechanisms, Jan. 1999.
....testing and performance over packet radio are discussed in Sec. 7. Sec. 8 concludes with a summary. 2 Transport over LEO satellites 2.1 Link properties Since a satellite link is a special kind of wireless link, it naturally inherits all of a wireless link s characteristics. Allman et al. [AGS99, ADG00] and the researchers at SCPS [SCP98] describe satellite links as having a natural broadcast capability and an inherent ability to reach mobile users, which make satellite links ideal substitutes for terrestrial links. Satellite links also cover large areas resulting in reduced switching and ....
....for more extended periods due to a physical obstruction of the satellite signal or an inefficient distribution of the LEO satellites by the service provider. Both handoff and limited connectivity can lead to periods of blackout , during which all packets get dropped. As mentioned by Allman et al. [AGS99], these periods are usually confusing for unaware transport protocols and may lead them to take wrong decisions (like invoking congestion control) that severely affect their performance. 2.2 Unique challenges All data networks, including satellite access networks, are run by communication ....
M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. RFC 2488, January 1999.
....or mixed satellite and other kind of links. A typical setup for a LEO satellite access network is depicted in Figure 1.1. 1.1.2 Link Properties Since a satellite link is basically a special kind of wireless link, it naturally inherits all of a wireless link s characteristics. Allman et al. AGS99, ADG 00] and the researchers at SCPS [SCP98] describe satellite links as having a natural broadcast capability and an inherent ability to reach mobile users, which make satellite links ideal substitutes for terrestrial links. Satellite links also cover large areas resulting in reduced ....
....for more extended periods due to a physical obstruction of the satellite signal or an ine#cient distribution of the LEO satellites by the service provider. Both hando# and limited connectivity can lead to periods of blackout , during which all packets get dropped. As mentioned by Allman et al. AGS99] these periods are usually confusing for unaware transport protocols and may lead them to take wrong decisions (like invoking congestion control) that severely a#ect their performance. 7 1.2 Transport over LEO Satellites 1.2.1 Unique Challenges All data networks, including satellite access ....
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. RFC 2488, January 1999.
....state, helping TCP recover faster. Several studies have been conducted on the efficiency of TCP SACK. In one paper [5] Floyd and Fall analyzed the performance of TCP SACK with respect to Tahoe and New Reno using simulations, and found that SACK was able to provide better performance. In [6], Allman et al. discussed the performance of TCP SACK over satellite links. III. LIMITATIONS OF SACK In [7] Floyd addressed various issues related to the behavior and performance of TCP SACK. One important limitation mentioned by the author is that TCP SACK requires 64 bits (8 bytes) to ....
M. Allman, D.Glover, NASA Lewis, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, IETF, January 1999.
....TCP as the primary protocol for a reliable, point to point data transfer and includes its evaluation under project specific network parameters (i. e: orbit altitude and bandwidth restrictions) In addition to satellite related TCP research considering rather static long delay networks (see [2], 3] and [4] a previous investigation reveals TCP s ability to estimate variable, inter satellite propagation delays on error free links [5] TCP offers a reliable data transfer by detecting and retransmitting lost segments [6] It estimates the round trip time (RTT) of the propagation path ....
M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms," Jan. 1999, RFC 2488.
....of TCP over GEO satellite links. The introduction of mitigation techniques is mandatory to cope with a so challenging environment. II.B TCP mitigation for GEO satellite networks A lot of effort has been carried out by the IETF, and several Request For Comments (RFC) have been issued ( 3] 4] [5], and [6] The outcome of this research activity is represented by the definition of a flavor of TCP, the so called TCP Sat, where the adoption of enhanced TCP options well suited for GEO satellite links is suggested. Although in [11] it is evidenced how under certain conditions TCP can operate ....
RFC 2488, M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez: "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", January 1999.
....technologies include the Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) and Direct Broadcast Satellite, which uses a satellite transmitter for the down link and a dial up phone line for the up link. In such networks, it is possible for the ACK tra c on the up link to cause congestion and loss of ACKs [9]. For example, a receiver which acknowledges every segment will incur ACK congestion for a data link of 1.5Mbps and an ACK link below 40Kbps (assuming 1,500 byte data and 40 byte ACK segments) As discussed earlier, the loss of ACKs slows down the window growth, and increases the burstiness of the ....
....for addressing this problem include intercepting and ltering duplicate ACKs on the return path. However, this restricts this solution to the last hop before the destination, otherwise it might prevent the detection of real congestion loss further downstream along the path of the connection [4, 9, 22, 24]. The second approach attempts to address the transmission error problem at the TCP level. In addition to the general improvements to TCP s congestion control mechanisms (e.g. Fast Recovery, SACK) several techniques have been proposed to speci cally deal with this problem. The rst involves ....
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Allman M., Glover D., Sanchez L., Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms, RFC2488, January 1999.
.... Past proposals for improving performance of TCP over wireless require some cooperation from an intermediate node on the path from the sender to the receiver [4, 5, 6, 15] An IETF work group dedicated to TCP over satellite link is undergoing an intense effort to identify specific mechanisms [2] and issues [3] to adapt TCP to this environment. Among these issues is the problem discussed by the present paper. Our interest is in mechanisms that impose minimal demands (if any) on any host other than the sender or the receiver. Ideally, it would help if the sender could differentiate between ....
M. Allman and D. Glover, "Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms," May 1998. INTERNET DRAFT, http://gigahertz.lerc.nasa.gov/ mallman/papers.
....In the recent few years, there have been several experimental studies on the efficacy of using standard TCP IP protocol suite over satellite channels. Allman and Kruse [1] present several references to those studies as well as the main results. There are several IETF standardized mechanisms [2] as well as a number of other possible TCP mitigations [3] that may allow TCP to better utilize the available bandwidth provided by networks containing satellite links. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the efficiency of three mechanisms, Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) 4] Header Checksum ....
M. Allman, D. Glo ver, NASA Lewis, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Cha nnels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, IETF, 1999.
....unfairness will result. Although the full impact of large delay bandwidth products is yet to come, we can see the seeds of these problems in the current Internet. For example, TCP over satellite links has revealed network utilization issues and TCP s undesirable bias against long RTT flows [4]. Currently, these problems are mitigated using ad hoc mechanisms such as ack spacing, split connection [4] or performance enhancing proxies [8] Simulation results similar to those in 5 support the above argument showing that, regardless of the queuing scheme, TCP s performance degrades ....
....we can see the seeds of these problems in the current Internet. For example, TCP over satellite links has revealed network utilization issues and TCP s undesirable bias against long RTT flows [4] Currently, these problems are mitigated using ad hoc mechanisms such as ack spacing, split connection [4], or performance enhancing proxies [8] Simulation results similar to those in 5 support the above argument showing that, regardless of the queuing scheme, TCP s performance degrades significantly as either capacity or delay increases. This paper develops a novel protocol for congestion ....
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing tcp over satellite channels using standard mechanisms, Jan. 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Mark Allman, Dan Glover, and Luis Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms," Jan. 1999, RFC 2488, BCP 28.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms ", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms ", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez. "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. IETF RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms, IETF RFC 2488 (1999).
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M.Allman, D. Glover, and L.Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms," Request for Comments 2488, Jan. 1999.
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Mark Allman, Dan Glover, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms," IETF draft, February 1998, http://tcpsat.lerc.nasa.gov/tcpsat
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms." IETF RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms. RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms," RFC 3488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using standard Mechanisms. RFC 2488, IETF, Jan. 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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Allman, M., Glover, D. and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", BCP 28, RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms," RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms", RFC 2488, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using standard Mechanisms. RFC 2488, IETF, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. IETF RFC 2488 URL: ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/ rfc2488.txt, Jan. 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez. Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms. IETF RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanism,", Internet RFC 2488, 1999.
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M. Allman, D. R. Glover, and L. A. Sanchez, Enhancing TCP over satellite channels using standard mechanisms," Tech. Rep. draft-ietf-tcpsat-stand-mech-06, IETF Internet Draft, Sept. 1998.
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M Allman, D Glover and L Sanchez. Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms, January 1999. RFC 2488.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanism", RFC 2488, January 1999.
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M. Allman, D. Glover, and L. Sanchez, "Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms," RFC-2488, Sept. 1998.
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