| N. J. Nilsson. Shakey the robot. Technical Report 323, SRI AI Center, 1984. |
....has been revised substantially. Originally, builders decomposed the design into separate functional units, where the information flow was strictly horizontal (the output of one functional unit was the input to another) and the external feedback loop was closed through the environment [Mor83, Nil84] The functional units included sensing, mapping the sensor readings into the world representation, planning, task execution and motor control (see Figure 1.1(a) according to [Bro86] Even though this kind of horizontal decomposition provided a nice modular partitioning of the problem, it failed ....
N. J. Nilsson. Shakey the robot. Technical Report 323, SRI AI Center, 1984.
....the computational model to a logical host language is described. 2. 1 The InteRRaP Architecture As a hybrid attempt, 28] employs the device of modularisation to integrate the originally complementary perspectives of reactive, situated agents , e.g. 5] with deliberative reasoning agents, e.g. [11]. Additionally, the proposed architectural solution, InteRRaP, caters for social capabilities, an aspect that is often neglected in single agent designs. Indeed, these three modules interact in a very subtle manner. They are regarded as layers stacked on top of one another (Figure 2.1) Each layer ....
....capable, do not speak out the operational needs to mediate this trade o . We think that this mediation should be a form of layering (deliberative) facilities in a cooperative, supervising setting. Chapter 4 InteRRaP versus Deliberative, Cognitive AI Euphoria of early AI research, such as Shakey [11], had soon been replaced by the frustration of the inherent complexity in the applied symbolic reasoning, especially in planning. In the last chapter, we have presented approaches that for that purpose either abolished representation or focussed on restricted, reactive forms of reasoning. Basic ....
N. J. Nilsson (ed.). Shakey the robot. Technical report, SRI AI Center, April 1984.
.... Faculty 9 Development Award, in part by a grant from the Systems Development Foundation, in part by the University Research Initiative under Office of Naval Research contract N00014 86 K 0685 and in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency under Office of Naval Research contract N00014 85 K 0124. Abstract Artificial intelligence research has foundered on the issue of representation. When intelligence is approached in an incremental manner, with strict reliance on interfacing to the real world through perception and action, reliance on representation disappears. In this paper we outline ....
....and a half years, around 550 million years ago, the first fish and Vertebrates arrived, and then insects 450 million years ago. Then things started moving fast. Reptiles arrived 370 million years ago, followed by dinosaurs at 330 and mammals at 250 million years ago. The first primates appeared 120 million years ago and the immediate predecessors to the great apes a mere 18 million years ago. Man arrived in roughly his present form 2.5 million years ago. He invented agriculture a mere 10,000 years ago, writing less than 5000 years ago and expert knowledge only over the last few hundred ....
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N.J. Nilsson, Shakey the robot, Tech. Note 323, SRI AI Center, Menlo Park, CA (1984).
....qualitative models of the effects of pushing actions through experience which were then used for planning. Mahedevan [17] has employed reinforcement learning approaches with success for a box pushing task that uses a mobile robot with sonar sensors for real time perception and control. Nilsson [22] also dealt with pushing as a task in early work in robotic reasoning and planning. Salganicoff [25] has successfully used a qualitative vision approach with optical flow measures to stable push an unknown object with a robot arm and stationary camera. 3.2 Formulating the Pushing Control Problem ....
N. J. Nilsson. Shakey the robot. Technical Report 323, SRI AI Center, 1984.
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