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Department of State, "Defense Trade Regulations" (DTR), 22 CFR 120-130, Office of Munitions Control, May 1992.

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Secure Internet-based Electronic Commerce: The View from Outside.. - Gutmann   (Correct)

....policy is still ruled largely by the military and intelligence agencies, who see it as a threat to their intelligencegathering mission. By defining encryption technology to be munitions, the US government brings it under the umbrella of arms control laws [DOC 1980] DOS 1989] Root 1991] [DOS 1992] and restricts the export of encryption technology to implementations which have been weakened to the extent that US intelligence agencies (along with foreign governments, companies, criminals, and students with too much time on their hands) have no trouble in breaking it. Citizens usually rely on ....

Department of State, "Defense Trade Regulations" (DTR), 22 CFR 120-130, Office of Munitions Control, May 1992.


Government, Cryptography, and the Right To Privacy - Shearer, Gutmann (1996)   (Correct)

....States cryptography is classed as munitions and hardware or software implementations are not allowed to be exported [Department of Commerce 1980] Roberts 1988] Department of State 1989] NAP 115 Shearer J. Gutmann P. Government, Cryptography, and the Right to Privacy 1991] Root 1991] [Department of State 1992] [Relyea 1994] However, strong cryptography and Public Key Cryptography (PKC) is available for use within the US, and in a very restricted manner, for communications to US interests outside the country. With the development of public awareness of and debate on government surveillance measures ....

Department of State, "Defense Trade Regulations", 22 CFR 120-130, Office of Defense Trade Controls, May 1992.

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