Geib, C. and Webber, B.: A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....come as a surprise that AI planning formalisms have been one of the main techniques supporting interactive storytelling [13] 21] 24] as planning precisely deals with the generation of action sequences fulfilling a goal. Besides, planning is also a generic description for an agent s behaviour [7] and in that respect, can also be used to represent the role of a character in a characterbased approach [4] In addition, the use of planning techniques in storytelling is independent of the paradigm selected, whether plot based or character based. This can be interpreted as a consequence of the ....

Geib, C. and Webber, B.: A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press, 1993.

....the bottom up aspect of interactive storytelling: as it is not taken into account by plan based behaviours, there is a need for specific mechanisms. These are situated reasoning and action repair. 4. SITUATED REASONING The origins of situated reasoning in plan based actors behaviours [19] lie in the discrepancy between an agent s expectations and action preconditions. One defining aspect of situated reasoning is that it is oriented towards obtaining a specific resulting state in a given situation [19] We extend this definition by including that avoiding an undesirable result ....

....REASONING The origins of situated reasoning in plan based actors behaviours [19] lie in the discrepancy between an agent s expectations and action preconditions. One defining aspect of situated reasoning is that it is oriented towards obtaining a specific resulting state in a given situation [19]. We extend this definition by including that avoiding an undesirable result should also be part of situated reasoning. One such example in interactive storytelling consists in reacting to situations that emerge from the spatial interactions of artificial actors. As we have seen, the characters ....

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Geib, C. and Webber, B., 1993 A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press.

....of action repair. These bottom up situations illustrate why the characters behaviour cannot be solely determined by their top down planner, in order to be realistic. Situations 1 and 2 would normally lead to re planning, while more convenient solutions can be devised, such as action repair [26]. In example 1 for instance, Ross could just wait for Rachel to leave, which would restore the executability conditions of the read diary action (see Figure 3) Examples 3 and 4 represent situations that should be actively avoided by the character. A practical solution consists in using situated ....

Geib, C. and Webber, B., 1993. A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press.

....not able to search their environment for a specific object. 10 Cavazza et al. Fig. 9. Re planning following user intervention As in our current prototype, user intervention takes place through interaction with the set objects, his interventions often interfere with the executability conditions [8] of terminal actions. Figure 7 illustrates how the user can interfere with the character plan by stealing an object on the set. If, according to his initial plan, the character is going to acquire information on Rachel by reading the diary, the user can contrast that plan by stealing the diary ....

Geib, C. and Webber, B., 1993 A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press.

....to cope with the executability conditions of actions in a dynamic environment. For instance, Ross might not want to steal Rachel s diary if he can be spotted by Monica. To solve this kind of problem, Geib and Webber have proposed to complement top down planning with situated reasoning [21] [22]. This can be successfully applied in conjunction with real time planning: the main plan can be interrupted to cope with situated actions and control later returned to the plan after updating the action pre conditions. For instance, if at an early stage of his plan, Ross bumps into Rachel in a ....

Geib, C. and Webber, B.: A consequence of incorporating intentions in means-end planning. Working Notes -- AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond. AAAI Press (1993).

....plan graph. These processes include parsing, interpretation and plan inference [18, 19, 20, 21] ffl A module consisting of a high level incremental planner and two specialized processes able to adapt highly parameterized plans for search and for object manipulation to the exact situation at hand [26, 27, 28, 36, 41]. ffl A simulator that coordinates motion directives and perceptual requests from the planning components with ones corresponding to environmental responses, and schedules their performance. An agenda allows multiple behaviors to be carried out in parallel, and other behaviors to be initiated and ....

....intentions, to fill in gaps. To enable decision making to use an agent s intentions effectively, we have found it worth replacing fixed set of preconditions, with reasoning about the effects of actions in the context in which they will be performed. This reflects our analysis of preconditions [27] as encoding claims about the universal desirability or undesirability of certain effects of an action. For example, failing to clear off a block before picking it up, may mean that objects on top of it will slide off and break or disturb other objects. Sometimes an agent will be concerned about ....

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Geib, C. A Consequence on Incorporating Intentions in Means-End Planning. In AAAI Spring Symposium Series: Foundations of Automatic Planning: The Classical Approach and Beyond, Working Notes. Stanford CA, March 1993.

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