L. F. Turner. Digital Data Security System. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....property rights of the content creators. The fields of digital watermarking and steganography have exploded over the last few years as a potentially viable technique as addressing this need. The use of the spread spectrum technique for digital watermarking first appeared in a patent in 1989[1] where the least significant bit of samples of an audio stream are periodically replaced with a randomlooking signature, but very little followed until 1993[2,3] Since then, increasingly sophisticated algorithms have been developed for embedding messages within digital data in multiple dimensions ....

L. F. Turner (1989), Digital Data Security System, Patent IPN WO 89/08915

....pixel by pixel, to determine if it corresponds to the original sequence of additions and subtractions. The Digimarc method does not make use of perceptual relevance and is probably equivalent to adding high frequency noise to the image. As such, it may not be robust to low pass filtering. Turner [25] proposed a method for inserting an identification string into a digital audio signal by substituting the insignificant bits of randomly selected audio samples with the bits of an identification code. Bits are deemed insignificant if their alteration is inaudible. Such a system is also ....

L.T. Turner. Digital data security system. In Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

....the requirements with good real time performance. 2 Previous Work There are many ways to perform information embedding in signals. Here we are interested mainly with digital images as the source signal. There are two main classes of watermarking techniques: visible [9] and perceptually invisible [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13]. The perceptually invisible watermarking techniques consist of both two dimensional spatial watermarks [1, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13] and frequency domain watermark [4, 6, 7] while IBM has developed a proprietary visible watermark to protect images that are part of the digital Vatican library project ....

....we are interested mainly with digital images as the source signal. There are two main classes of watermarking techniques: visible [9] and perceptually invisible [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13] The perceptually invisible watermarking techniques consist of both two dimensional spatial watermarks [1, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13] and frequency domain watermark [4, 6, 7] while IBM has developed a proprietary visible watermark to protect images that are part of the digital Vatican library project [9] One early watermarking method obtains a checksum of the image data, then embeds the checksum into the least significant ....

L.T. Turner. Digital data security system. In Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

....that the database privacy is also protected: the user doesn t gain any information about the other entries in the database. Steganography [27] Steganography is the branch of information privacy that attempts to hide information within publicly observable data (e.g. using digital watermarking [40], subliminal channels [39] etc. 2.2 Dining Cryptographer Networks (dc nets) 9, 41] The goal here is to have one participant anonymously broadcast a message. If the message is aimed at one user, the sender can encrypt the message by, for example, using an asymmetric crypto system. Since the ....

TURNER, L. F. Digital data security system, 1989. Patent IPN WO 89/08915.

....power constraint, and added to the media. To maintain fidelity, the power constraint is kept very low. Spread spectrum techniques are often employed to make the signal detectable in the resulting low signal to noise ratio channel 7 . Examples of Category 1 watermarking methods can be found in [Tur89, Car95, TNM90, MT94, HW96, Rho95, BGML96, HMW88, SC96] Note that this approach to watermarking makes no distinction between the media content, C 0 , and the attack noise, N. 7 Spread spectrum communications was originally developed as a military communications system that would be resistant to ....

L. F. Turner. Digital data security system. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989. 26

....and displays strong immunity to a wide variety of attacks, though more extensive experiments are needed to confirm this. Finally, Section 6 discusses possible weaknesses and enhancements to the system. 2 Previous Work Several previous digital watermarking methods have been proposed. L. F. Turner [Tur89] proposed a method for inserting an identification string into a digital audio signal by substituting the insignificant bits of randomly selected audio samples with the bits of an identification code. Bits are deemed insignificant if their alteration is inaudible. Such a system is also ....

L. F. Turner. Digital data security system. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

....watermarking. It is possible to mark an image, a video clip or soundbite in such a way that marked and unmarked pieces differ in a mean squared sense and are very distinguishable as such by electronic hardware yet at the same time this deviation cannot be perceived by the human sensory system[1 16]. Embedded signaling in the form of watermarks is much like an electronic tattoo in that it ensures that marks are not lost in typical operations, including format conversions. Although the principle of pixel watermarking seems to put an elegant end to copyright issues, it has a few serious ....

L. F. Turner, "Digital data security system." Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

....schemes, watermark construction, and watermarking algorithms. All these schemes are important in the understanding of solving the actual problem rightful ownership . During the past few years, a number of digital watermarking methods have been proposed. Among the earliest works, L.F. Turner [Tur89] proposed a digital audio watermarking method which substitutes the least significant bits of randomly selected audio samples with the bits of an identification string (watermark) Similar idea can also be applied to images [vSTO94] However, because of the use of least significant bits, the ....

L. F. Turner. Digital Data Security System. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

....protocols, and the general cryptographic protocol logics are important in solving the problem of customer s right protection. 2.1 Related Work on Watermarking Schemes During the past few years, a number of digital watermarking methods have been proposed. Among the earliest works, L.F. Turner [30] proposed a digital audio watermarking method which substitutes the least significant bits of randomly selected audio samples with the bits of an identification string (watermark) A similar idea can also be applied to images [31] However, because of the use of least significant bits, the ....

L. F. Turner. Digital Data Security System. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

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L. F. Turner. Digital Data Security System. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

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L. F. Turner. Digital Data Security System. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

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L. F. Turner, "Digital data security system." Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

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L. F. Turner. Digital data security system. Patent IPN WO 89/08915, 1989.

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