Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P., Schtz, W.: The design of realtime systems: from specification to implementation and verification. Software Engineering Journal 6 (1991) 72--82  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....communication, and they allow the compilation of scheduling code to connect tasks written in conventional programming languages. The design methodology for the Mars system, a predecessor of the TTA, distinguishes in a similar way programming in the large from programming in the small [20]. The inter task communication semantics of Giotto is particularly similar to the MetaH language [21] 22] which is designed for real time, distributed avionics applications. MetaH supports periodic real time tasks, multimodal control, and distributed implementations. Giotto can be viewed as ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schtz, "The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification," Softw. Eng. J., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 72--82, 1991.

....and has produced a framework for such standards [SafeIT90b] The European ESPRIT programme is sponsoring two research projects that have a particular interest in the safety of computer based systems. The ProCoS (Provably Correct Systems) 11] and PDCS (Predictably Dependable Computing Systems) [80] Basic Research Actions are examining different approaches to safety, the former concentrating on qualitative and the latter on quantitative aspects. The upsurge of interest in the area is also evident from the emphasis placed on criticality by major international conferences. The ACM SIGSOFT 91 ....

KOPETZ, H., ZAINLINGER, R., FOHLER, G., KANTZ, H., and PUSCHNER, P.: `The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification', Software Engineering Journal,May1991,6, (3), pp. 73--82

....and has produced a framework for such standards [ICSE90] The European ESPRIT programme is sponsoring two research projects that have a particular interest in the safety of computer based systems. The ProCoS (Provably Correct Systems) 10] and PDCS (Predictably Dependable Computing Systems) [72] Basic Research Actions are examining different approaches to safety, the former concentrating on qualitative and the latter on quantitative aspects. The upsurge of interest in the area is also evident from the emphasis placed on criticality by major international conferences. The ACM SIGSOFT 91 ....

KOPETZ, H., ZAINLINGER, R., FOHLER, G., KANTZ, H., and PUSCHNER, P.: `The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification', Software Engineering Journal,May 1991, 6, (3), pp. 73--82

.... are most widely known in the context of databases, where they have the properties of independence, failure atomicity, and permanence, 57] Real time transactions, in contrast, have been advocated for describing the input output relations of real time systems at various levels of abstraction, [9, 29], including at the level of precedence constraints between processes in schedulability analysis, 56] Real time transactions do not share the independence and failure atomicity properties of database transactions, 28] because they may interact, produce intermediate results, and fail or ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Sch*tz. The Design of Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification. Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, 1991.

....the current philosophy in and approach to the area of real time systems. However, there are some concepts and terms which are agreed upon in the literature. This section attempts to describe these basic concepts and definitions. The descriptions are based on [Saf75] Melli83] Mello85] Sta88][Kop91][Shi94] Kri97] Jon97] Shin states real time systems as being characterised by three major components and their interplay: time, reliability and environment [Shi94] Time is the most precious resource to manage in a real time system. The environment under which a computer system operates is an ....

Kopetz H., Zainlinger R., Fohler G., Kantz H., Puschner P., Schtz W., The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification, Software Engineering Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 72-82, 1991

....2.3 High level language timing prediction If we are to claim that our refinement steps produce code with correct timing behaviour we must have a way of assessing the execution time of high level language code. Rules for doing this have been suggested by Shaw Park [7, 5] and the Mars group [6, 3]. Execution times for primitives, such as loading the value of an integer variable or performing an arithmetic operation, are determined, either experimentally, or from the manufacturer s specification of the target architecture. These primitive times are then used to calculate the execution time ....

....In particular, continuous time could be modelled by using reals, or a distributed notion of time could be described via a partially ordered representation. The timing prediction methods used for high level language statements, based on previous work in the software engineering literature [7, 5, 6, 3], are a weak link in the methodology. Since they do not take the context of statements into 25 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 T (Max ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 n actual max specified max specified min actual min Figure 1: Specified versus actual timing behaviour for Max . account, ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz. The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification. Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, May 1991.

.... data processing systems in that they are constrained by certain non functional requirements (e.g. dependability and timing) Although real time systems can be modeled using the standard structured design methods, these methods lack explicit support for expressing the real time constraints [Kopetz et al. 1991; Lark et al. 1990; Burns and Wellings 1994] Standard structured design methods incorporate a life cycle model in which the following activities are recognized: A Modeling Framework for Real Time Systems Delta 3 (1) Requirements Definition an authoritative specification of the system s ....

Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P., and Schutz, W. 1991. The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification. Software Engineering 6, 72--82.

.... data processing systems in that they are constrained by certain non functional requirements (e.g. dependability and timing) Although real time systems can be modeled using the standard structured design methods, these methods lack explicit support for expressing the real time constraints [Kopetz, H. Zainlinger, R. Fohler, G. Kantz, H. Puschner, P. and Schutz, W. 1991; Lark, J. S. Lee D. Erman, Stephanie Forrest and Kim P. Gostelow 1990; Burns, A. and Wellings, A. J. 1994] Standard structured design methods A Modeling Framework for Real Time Systems Delta 3 incorporate a life cycle model in which the following activities are recognized: 1) Requirements ....

Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P. and Schutz, W. 1991. The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification.

....and has produced a framework for such standards [ICSE90] The European ESPRIT programme is sponsoring two research projects that have a particular interest in the safety of computer based systems. The ProCoS (Provably Correct Systems) 10] and PDCS (Predictably Dependable Computing Systems) [72] Basic Research Actions are examining different approaches to safety, the former concentrating on qualitative and the latter on quantitative aspects. The upsurge of interest in the area is also evident from the emphasis placed on criticality by major international conferences. The ACM SIGSOFT 91 ....

KOPETZ, H., ZAINLINGER, R., FOHLER, G., KANTZ, H., and PUSCHNER, P.: `The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification', Software Engineering Journal, May 1991, 6, (3), pp. 73--82

....and has produced a framework for such standards [SafeIT90b] The European ESPRIT programme is sponsoring two research projects that have a particular interest in the safety of computer based systems. The ProCoS (Provably Correct Systems) 11] and PDCS (Predictably Dependable Computing Systems) [80] Basic Research Actions are examining different approaches to safety, the former concentrating on qualitative and the latter on quantitative aspects. The upsurge of interest in the area is also evident from the emphasis placed on criticality by major international conferences. The ACM SIGSOFT 91 ....

KOPETZ, H., ZAINLINGER, R., FOHLER, G., KANTZ, H., and PUSCHNER, P.: `The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification', Software Engineering Journal, May 1991, 6, (3), pp. 73--82

....the result of its computation to another task T j , we introduce the pair (T i ; T j ) in a partial order OE, and we schedule the tasks in such a way that if T i OE T j the execution of T i precedes the execution of T j . Good examples of this modeling can be found in the MARS operating system [8, 9], in which the basic concept of a real time transaction is described exactly in this way, and in Mok s kernelized monitor [12] in which a rendezvous construct is used to handle similar situations. In both cases, shared resources among tasks are also considered. However, in the former work the ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner and W. Schutz, "The Design of Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification," Software Engineering Journal, May 1991.

....Each slot is of known size and occurs at a pre defined time. A single message is assigned to each slot. Therefore, cyclic scheduling and TDMA can be considered as similar. To prevent the criticism related to synthesis and maintenance of cyclic scheduling discussed in section 2. 5, tool support [81] is available. Unfortunately, the tool does not allow for the need to minimise the amount of regression testing during change control, which is a problem when using tool support for schedule synthesis. A major part of the MARS design ethos is ensuring that the kernel and system operates reliably. ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz, "The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification," Software Engineering Journal, vol. 6, pp. 72--82, May 1991. Softw. Eng. J. (UK).

....descriptions of how to perform the phases. The tools do often lack support for functional and or timing verification (analysis) Even more rare is support for generating the designs (synthesis) given input requirements. Typical design methods are HRT HOOD (cf. 5, 6] and the MARS method (cf. [11, 14]) HRT HOOD requires a method to estimate (or determine) WCETs and a decision on scheduling strategy. HRT HOOD is more general than MARS, since MARS has the hardware architecture and programming environment defined together with the method. On the other hand it is easier to incorporate synthesis ....

Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P., and Schutz, W. The Design of Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification. Software Engineering Journal, 6(3): 72-82, May 1991.

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H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P.Puschner, and W. Schutz. The Design of RealTime Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification. IEEE Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, May 1991.

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H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz. The Design of Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification. IEEE Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, May 1991.

.... to be composed of several precedence graphs that describe the communication and control flow from the tasks that read sensors (stimulus tasks) of the system to the tasks that control actuators (response tasks) The specification of precedence graphs is supported by the MARS design methodology, [9]. During design the application s timing constraints are defined by specifying an upper bound for the time necessary to execute each precedence graph, called Maximal Response Time (MART) MART is a hard deadline, dictated by the environment. The other time constraint is given by the minimal ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz, "The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification," IEE Software Engineering Journal, vol. 6, pp. 72--82, May 1991.

.... to be composed of several precedence graphs that describe the communication and control flow from the tasks that read sensors (stimulus tasks) of the system to the tasks that control actuators (response tasks) The specification of precedence graphs is supported by the MARS design methodology, [Kop91]. During design the application s timing constraints are defined by specifying an upper bound for the time necessary to execute each precedence graph, called Maximal Response Time (MART) MART is a hard deadline, dictated by the environment. The other time constraint is given by the minimal ....

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz. The Design of Real-Time Systems: From Specification to Implementation and Verification. IEE Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, May 1991.

No context found.

Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P., Schtz, W.: The design of realtime systems: from specification to implementation and verification. Software Engineering Journal 6 (1991) 72--82

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Kopetz, H., Zainlinger, R., Fohler, G., Kantz, H., Puschner, P., Schtz, W.: The design of realtime systems: from specification to implementation and verification. Software Engineering Journal 6 (1991) 72--82

No context found.

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schtz, "The design of real-time systems: from specification to implementation and verification," Software Engineering Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 72--82, 1991.

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H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz. The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification. IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal, 6(3):72--82, 1991.

No context found.

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Sch utz, "The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification," IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 72--82, 1991.

No context found.

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Sch utz, "The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification," IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 72--82, 1991.

No context found.

H. Kopetz, R. Zainlinger, G. Fohler, H. Kantz, P. Puschner, and W. Schutz. The design of real-time systems: From specification to implementation and verification. IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal, 6:72--82, 1991.

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