Dowding, J.; Gawron, J. M.; Appelt, D.; Bear, J; Cherny, L.; Moore, R.; and Moran, D. (1993). Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding. In Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, Princeton, New Jersey, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 43-48.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....multiple asynchronous communicating processes. The core of OAA is a facilitator which manages message passing between a number of software agents that specialize in certain tasks (e.g. speech recognition) Our system uses OAA to coordinate the following five agents: 1. The Gemini NLP system [4]. Gemini uses a sin gle unification grammar both for parsing strings of words into logical forms (LFs) and for gener ating sentences from LF inputs. The use of a symbolic grammar enables us to provide precise and reliable meaning representations (in contrast to shallow statistical approaches ....

Dowding, J., J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R.C. Moore and D. Moran. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. Proceedings of the ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology(1993).

....which interacts with their natural language processing component, DELPHI, through an N best interface. DELPHI uses a definite clause grammar formalism, and a parsing algorithm which uses a statistically trained agenda to produce a single best parse for an input utterance. SRI s Gemini system [11] takes a linguistic approach to natural language understanding, in which a constituent parser applies syntactic, semantic, and lexical rules to populate a chart with edges containing syntactic, semantic, and logical form information. 1 . 2 The IBM Approach The effort at IBM has only recently ....

J. Dowding et al., "Gemini: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding," in Proceedings of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop, (Harriman, NY) February 23--26 1992.

.... The feasibility of using Grok for natural language applications has been demonstrated in [4] It has also been used to create a natural language agent which has been connected to NASA s spoken natural language dialogue system ( 27] the standard natural language agent for this system is Gemini [13]) The material presented in this paper is part of the measures we are taking towards improving Grok as a practical basis for building robust NLP systems. We do not discuss Grok in great detail here, and instead refer the interested reader to the Grok homepage (http: grok.sourceforge.net) and ....

John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt, Lynn Cherny, Robert Moore, and Douglas Moran. Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, Columbus, OH, 1993.

....for various subtasks in the dialogue system (see Figure 2) Speech Recogniser: a wrapper to a Nuance speech recognition server 3 using a language model compiled directly from our Gemini grammar for UAV operator dialogues. NL ( natural language ) a wrapper to the SRI Gemini parser and generator [4] using our UAV grammar (version 1) 2 All are implemented in Java, but for the NL agent (Prolog) 3 Nuance: www.nuance.com Figure 1: A demonstration of dialogue system I Multi modal Utterances Dialogue Moves Operator (O) Where are the buildings Raise question UAV (U) Here. displays ....

John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt, John Bear, Lynn Cherny, Robert Moore, and Douglas Moran, "GEMINI: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding," in Proc. 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL, 1993.

....Other parsers have been designed specifically for robustly analyzing transcriptions of spoken language. As we have seen robustness is required both to recover from recognition errors by the SR module and to handle performance errors by the human speaker. Examples include the Gemini parser at SRI [Dowding et al. 1993], the TINA parser at MIT [Seneff, 1992] the Phoenix [Ward, 1990] and GLR [Lavie, 1994] parsers at CMU, and the Delphi parser at BBN [Stallard and Bobrow, 1992] One technique commonly applied by these robust parsers is the use of domain knowledge to limit ambiguity and to thereby enable faster ....

....The parser is all paths bottom up, uses subsumption checking, and is on line. However, it also extends the language analysis to recognize certain characteristic patterns of spoken utterances not generally included in a grammar and to recognize specific types of performance errors by the speaker [Dowding et al. 1993]. This is accomplished by an utterance grammar and utterance parser that are used to post process the chart. The SRI ATIS system incorporates this robust interpretation component that constructs queries out of grammatical fragments when an utterance cannot be analyzed as a single phrase or ....

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran, "Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding," In Proceedings of the ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop, pages 43--48, San Mateo, California, March 1993. ARPA, Morgan Kaufmann.

....that maximizes the posterior probability P(C S) Since the conceptual structure is represented as a hidden Markov model, the decoding of the conceptual content of a sentence can be carried out with the Viterbi algorithm. To understand a mixed language query, we cannot use statistical parsers [2,3] because it is difficult to train a parser for mixed language. The traditional direct channel models for semantic decoder, which is used in many spoken language understanding systems [4,5] cannot handle mixed language either. In addition, we cannot use independent statistical natural language ....

....results between our extended semantic decoder and the baseline semantic decoder are compared. For mixed language sentences, the average accuracy of extended semantic decoder is 26 higher on the average. Our methodology is described in section 2 in detail, and the experiments are shown in section 3. Finally, we conclude in section 4. 2. METHODOLOGY There are four main modules in the SALSA system[1] speech recognizer, spoken language understanding module, dialogue module and verbalization module. The module of mixed language recognizer converts the speech uttered by the user into text ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt, et al. GEMINI: A Natural Language System For Spokenlanguage Understanding. 31st ACL, Columbus, Ohio, June 1993, pp. 54-61

....Furthermore, as other acoustic cues are added into the model, the results should further improve. 5. COMPARISON This work expands on previous work on detecting and correcting speech repairs in Japanese. Sagawa et al. 15] proposed a parser first approach for detecting and correcting repairs (c.f. [4]) If the parser failed on an utterance, the 2 A repair is counted as correctly detected if the interruption point is correctly identified along with the type of repair. A repair is counted as properly corrected if the interruption point is correctly identified, and its editing terms and ....

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 54--61, 1993.

No context found.

Dowding, J.; Gawron, J. M.; Appelt, D.; Bear, J.; Cherny, L.; Moore, R.; and Moran, D. 1993. GEMINI: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proceedings 31st Annual Meeting of the ACL.

No context found.

Dowding, J.; Gawron, J.; Appelt, D.; Bear, J.; Cherny, L.; Moore, R.; and Moran, D. 1993. Gemini: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proc.

.... of the SRI CommandTalk system [10,14] The system comprises a suite of about 20 agents, connected together using the SRI Open Agent Architecture [9] Speech recognition is performed using a version of the Nuance recognizer[12] Initial language processing is carried out using the SRI Gemini system [6], using a domainindependent unification grammar and a domain specific lexicon. The language processing grammar is compiled into a recognition grammar using the methods of [7] the net result is that only grammatically well formed utterances can be recognized. Output from the initial ....

Dowding, J., Gawron, M., Appelt, D., Cherny, L., Moore, R. and Moran, D. 1993. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken language understanding. In Proceedings for the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.

....collect a sufficient corpus for training a statistical language model can be a significant problem. For CommandTalk, we did not create a statistical language model. Instead, with information gathered from interviews of subject matter experts (SME s) we developed a handwritten grammar using Gemini (Dowding et al. 1993), a unification based grammar formalism. We used this unification grammar for both natural language understanding and generation, and, using a grammar compiler we developed, compiled it into a context free form suitable for the speech recognizer as well. The effects of this single grammar ....

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. 1993. Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken Language Understanding.

....of CommandTalk are: ffl Speech Recognition based on Nuance, a commercial continuous speech speaker independent speech recognizer developed from SRI technology. Its language model is compiled [5] from the Gemini grammar used by the Natural Language agent. ffl Natural Language based on Gemini [2], performs syntactic and semantic analysis [3] and text generation [7] ffl Contextual Interpretation (CI) This agent is described in detail in section 3. ffl Speech Synthesis based on the Festival speech synthesizer 1 developed by the Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) at the ....

John Dowding, Jean Mark Gawron, Doug Appelt, Lynn Cherny, Robert Moore, and Douglas Moran. Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the ACL, Columbus, OH, 1993. Association for Computational Linguistics.

....that can be parsed in sync; that is, it guarantees that every word string that can be parsed by the natural language component is a potential recognition hypothesis, and vice versa. 2. 2 Natural Language The natural language (NL) agent consists of a thin agent layer on top of SRI s Gemini (Dowding et al. 1993, 1994) a natural language parsing and semantic interpretation system based on unification grammar. Unification grammar means that grammatical categories incorporate features that can be assigned values; so that when 4 grammatical category expressions are matched in the course of parsing or ....

Dowding, J., J. M. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran (1993) "Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding, " in Proceedings 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 54--61.

No context found.

Dowding, J.; Gawron, J. M.; Appelt, D.; Bear, J; Cherny, L.; Moore, R.; and Moran, D. (1993). Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding. In Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, Princeton, New Jersey, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 43-48.

No context found.

J. Dowding, M. Gawron, D. Appelt, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. 1993. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken language understanding. In Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J.M. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore and D. Moran, "Gemini: A Natural Language System for SpokenLanguage Understanding," ACL '93, 54-61.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J.M. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. 1993. Gemini: a natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proc. ACL 93.

No context found.

Dowding, J., Gawron, J.M., Appelt, D., Bear, J., Cherny, L., Moore, R., Moran, D.: Gemini: A natural language system for spoken language understanding. In: Proc. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. (1993)

No context found.

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran, "Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken Language Understanding," Proc. ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, 21--24, 1993.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J. M. Gawron, D. Appelt, and J. Bear. 1994. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In Proc. ARPA Human Language Technology Workshop '93, pages 43--48, Princeton, NJ.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, , and D. Moran. Gemini: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. Communications of the ACM, 39(1):51 -- 87, 1993.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. GEMINI: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. In ACL-93, pages 54--61, 1993.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J. M. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran. Gemini: A Natural Language System for Spoken-Language Understanding. In Proceedings ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, pages 43#48, Princeton, New Jersey, March 1993. Morgan Kaufmann Publisher.

No context found.

J. Dowding, J.M. Gawron, D. Appelt, J. Bear, L. Cherny, R. Moore, and D. Moran: "GEMINI: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding", (http://www.ai.sri.com/pubs/papers/Dowd93-54:GEMINI/document.ps. gz), 1993.

No context found.

John Dowding, J. Mark Gawron, Douglas Appelt, John Bear, Lynn Cherny, Robert Moore, and Douglas Moran. GEMINI: A natural language system for spoken-language understanding. pages 54-61, 1993.

First 50 documents

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC