Weizenbaum, Joseph. (1966) "ELIZA - A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine," Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 9 (1966): 36-45.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....As we describe in Section 3.1, the key new requirement of this mechanism is to ensure the characteristic alignment of nonverbal action with prosody in generated utterances. As a simple testbed illustrating this mechanism, we created two alternative animated versions of Weizenbaum s Eliza [33] using templates for embodied utterances; we outline our philosophy and implementation in Section 3.2. 3.1 Templates: Structure and Instantiation Our templates produce input for RUTH, the Rutgers University Talking Head [13] This input consists of text that is marked up to specify intonation ....

J. Weizenbaum. ELIZA---a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communcations of the ACM, 9(1):36--45, 1966.

....has also been demonstrated using a probabilistic reinforcement learning approach [193] Autonomous agents or virtual interactive characters are another example of AI systems. From the early days of interaction and gaming, simple rule based schemes were used, such as in in Weizenbaum s Eliza [200] program, where natural language rules were used to emulate a therapy session. Similarly, graphical virtual worlds and characters have been generated by rules, cognitive models, physical simulation, kinematics and dynamics [205] 176] 60] 11] 7] 184] 51] 36] These traditional approaches are ....

J. Weizenbaum. Eliza - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 9, 1966.

....or evolved, symbolic or non symbolic, that will repeatedly produce an action given a state. Most of these could be implemented as WWM servers without raising any particular issues apart from having to agree on the format of state and action with the World server. For example, Eliza type chatbots [19, 49]. 6.3 Symbolic Mind servers multiple The difficulty arises when we consider competition between multiple symbolic Minds. So far we only defined a protocol for conflict resolution using numeric weights. Higher bandwidth communication leads us into the field of Agents and its problems with ....

Weizenbaum, J. (1966), ELIZA - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the ACM 9:36-45.

....an input from the user in natural language to which the program provides an answer that should sound like a reasonable and possibly intelligent response to the original sentence. The whole process is repeated while the human keeps the conversation going. The very rst chatterbot, named Eliza [18], was written by J. Weizenbaum in 1995, and simulated a Rogerian psychotherapist. The idea was very simple and consisted in a pattern matching algorithm and sentence reconstruction following templates, with no indepth knowledge or processing of the natural language. The program proved to be ....

J. Weizenbaum. Eliza - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, (9), 1966.

....applications are agents with the ability to interact socially with both human users and other agents. A lot of research has been done on this area as a part of the larger HCI research effort. In particular, chatterbots (agents which engage a user in conversation) have been implemented extensively, [31]. Anytime Agents Emerging from the Excalibur project [20] the concept of the anytime agent is quite simple. These agents are deliberative based with the added constraint that they form plans iteratively. For each slice of processing given to a particular agent as much of the current plan as ....

J. Weizenbaum. ELIZA -- A computer program for the study of natural language communications between men and machines. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 9:36--45, 1966.

....pattern matching or neural networks algorithms in order to perform a conversation with a human. The users are usually typing their input to the dialogue in a text field or prompt, and the answers come back as plain text. The earliest and probably most famous example of this technology is Eliza [18], the computer program capable of engaging a human in a conversation. Currently companies like eGain Communications [19] Artificial Life [20] and Native Minds [21] offer bot based products aimed at providing customer service on the Web. These products are purely text based and have no speech or ....

Weizenbaum, J., "ELIZA - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine", Communications of the ACM 9(1):36-45, 1966.

....networks. The use of the phoneme to FAP converter under development in our laboratory would let any SAPI compliant text to speech engine dynamically generate animation sequences from text. It will be possible to use our virtual face as a front end to intelligent conversation engines, like Eliza[5] or CLIPS [3] which presently uses a textual interface. On the long term, our research will be focused on the extension of animation to the entire body, as specified by version 2 of the MPEG 4 standard. 8. ....

Joseph Weizenbaum ,"ELIZA--a Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine," Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 9 36-45, 1966.

....Not Due to the Smoothed Model B Deficiencies 235 xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Statistical Natural Language Understanding The artificial intelligence community has long been interested in natural language understanding. Initial efforts in NLU utilized word spotting techniques (as in ELIZA[80]) or grammars (as in STUDENT[8] 1 . Researchers knew that statistical approaches could be used to solve these problems, but these were considered less glamorous. Consider a quote from Minsky: Bobrow s program (i.e. STUDENT) does not have any cautious statistical devices that have to be told ....

J. Weizenbaum. ELIZA - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1):36--44, Jan. 1966.

....emotions. The easiest way of doing this is to create a graphical image of the agent s emotional state but this is often not possible with guides, as in most cases they communicate solely in writing. One of the earliest examples of a program that takes part in a conversation is the Eliza program [5]. This program gives the illusion of understanding what is said to it by exploiting the idea that people conversing unintentionally try to find a meaning in what their partner says and why. For instance by assuming that what is not expressed explicitly in a conversation is obvious. Even though ....

#Weizenbaum, J. Eliza - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the ACM, No. 9, pp.

....following sections classify different agent architectures according to their trade off between computation time and the realization of sophisticated goaldirected behavior. 2.1 Reactive Agents Reactive agents work in a hard wired stimulus response manner. Systems like Joseph Weizenbaum s Eliza [27] and Agre and Chapman s Pengi [2] are examples of this kind of approach. For certain sensor information, a specific action is executed. This can be implemented by simple if then rules. The agent s goals are only implicitly represented by the rules, and it is hard to ensure the desired behavior. ....

Weizenbaum, J. 1966. ELIZA --- A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine. Communications of the ACM 9(1): 36--45.

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Weizenbaum, Joseph. (1966) "ELIZA - A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine," Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 9 (1966): 36-45.

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Weizenbaum, J.: ELIZA - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. C. ACM, 9:36-43, 1966.

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Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM 9. 1966.

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Weizenbaum, J. (1966). Eliza: A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1), 36--45.

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Weizenbaum, J. ELIZA--A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 9, no. 1; p. 35-36 (1966).

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J. Weizenbaum, "Eliza -- a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine," Comm. of the ACM, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 36--45, 1966. 397

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J. Weizenbaum. Eliza - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, (9), 1966.

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Weizenbaum J. ELIZA: a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communcations of the ACM 1966; 9(1): 36--45.

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J. Weizenbaum, ELIZA: a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the ACM, 9, 1966, 26-35.

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Weizenbaum, J. (1966), ELIZA - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the ACM 9:36-45.

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WEIZENBAUM, J. Eliza -- a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM 9, 1 (1966), 36--45.

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J. Weizenbaum. Eliza - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 9, 1966.

No context found.

Joseph Weizenbaum. ELIZA---a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communcations of the ACM, 9(1):36--45, 1966.

No context found.

Weizenbaum, J.: Eliza - A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication between Man and Machine. Communication of the ACM, 9(1) (1966), 36-45.

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Joseph Weizenbaum. Eliza - a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1):36-- 45, 1966.

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