Zerhouni, E. A., Parish, D. M., Rogers, W. J., Yang, A., and Shapiro, E. P., "Human heart: tagging with MR imaging--a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion", Radiology, vol. 169, no. 1, pp. 59-63, 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....landmarks in the orbit is not attractive, since this would entail a serious risk to the optic nerve and may influence the very motion it is meant to measure. Induced landmark methods, known as MR tagging, involve changing the gradient over tissues in a regular way during image acquisition [164]. The grid formed by these tags is sparse in comparison to the size of the orbit with currently available tagging methods. Therefore, only a few tags cover the orbit and only rough estimates of motion are possible. ## Cine Phase Contrast (PC) MRI [15;123] employs the phase changes o f the MR ....

....[3] and this approach has been extend ed to cr eate colored textures that r e fl ect the magnitude and ori entation of the fl ow fi eld in 3 D space. Other appro ach es to measure the motion in 3 D cine MRI sequences have been described, such as Cine Phase Contrast (PC) MR [134] and MR tagging [164]. Cine PC MRI utilizes the phase changes o f the MR signals due to tissue motion [15;52;123] It can only determine relatively regular and large motion fields, and is less attractive to determine small scale non translational motion, as in this application. Human heart motion has also been success ....

Zerhouni, E. A., Parish, D. M., Rogers, W. J., Yang, A., and Shapiro, E. P., "Human heart: tagging with MR imaging--a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion", Radiology, vol. 169, no. 1, pp. 59-63, 1988.

....Models, B Splines, Image Warps. 2 1 Introduction 1. 1 Tagged MR: Imaging Non invasive techniques for assessing the dynamic behavior of the human heart are invaluable in the diagnosis of heart disease, as abnormalities in the myocardial motion sensitively reflect deficits in blood perfusion [16, 33]. MRI is a non invasive imaging technique that provides superb anatomic information with excellent spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast. Conventional MR studies of the heart provide accurate measures of global myocardial function, chamber volumes and ejection fractions, and regional wall ....

....have been proposed in the MR literature. The basic premise in all tagging schemes involve using a set of rf pulses to place tags in thin slices of the myocardium, perpendicular to the imaging plane which can then be tracked over the heart cycle. The method originally proposed by Elias Zerhouni [33] (star burst tagging) uses a series of slice selective rf pulses (selective in a plane perpendicular to the imaging plane) with a range of gradients in the x and y direction. This produces a number of radial saturation stripes within the image. These saturation bands provide a means of measuring ....

E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. Shapiro. Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging -- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....surgical intervention Non invasive techniques overcome this problem. There are three different main groups of approaches. The first group of approaches uses magnetic resonance tagging technique where magnetization of the tissue is altered such that grid of intersecting planes is produced [3][4]. Points of intersection are easily tracked as heart tissue moves, but motion of other points is not estimated. The second group of approaches analyzes shape of previously segmented cardiac wall, extracting motion information from the changes in the shape [5] 6] Such approaches are usually ....

E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. Shapiro, Human heart: Tagging with mr imaging - a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion, Radiology #69, #988, pp. 59-63.

....of the heart. Movement of the diaphragm causes respiratory motion artifacts in MR imaging. This problem was solved by requiring the subject to hold their breath during image acquisition while using a segmented k space acquisition [31] 1.4. 2 MR Tagging MR tagging was developed by Zerhouni [32], and has been found an effective tool for evaluating ventricular mechanics [32] and has been used to evaluate healthy and infarcted hearts [33, 34] The principle behind MR tagging is that the proton spins in the tissue are saturated in a selected pattern by applying narrowband RF pulses. This ....

....in MR imaging. This problem was solved by requiring the subject to hold their breath during image acquisition while using a segmented k space acquisition [31] 1.4. 2 MR Tagging MR tagging was developed by Zerhouni [32] and has been found an effective tool for evaluating ventricular mechanics [32] and has been used to evaluate healthy and infarcted hearts [33, 34] The principle behind MR tagging is that the proton spins in the tissue are saturated in a selected pattern by applying narrowband RF pulses. This CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 15 saturation pattern then moves with the underlying ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Zerhouni, E. A., Parish, D. M., Rogers, W. J., Yang, A., Shapiro, E. P., "Human heart: tagging with MR imaging--a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion," Radiology, vol. 169, pp. 59-63, 1988.

....results are presented that demonstrate the accuracy of our method and show the effect of the tag pattern on the estimation error. 1. INTRODUCTION An important application of deformable motion estimation theory is the estimation of heart motion from tagged MR image sequences. In tagged MR images [1], the heart appears with a spatially encoded pattern that moves with the tissue. The position of the tag pattern in each frame of the image sequence can be used to obtain measurements of the 3D displacement field of the myocardium. O Dell et al. 2] have proposed a method for using parallel planar ....

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E .P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59-- 63, 1988.

....MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Thomas S. Denney Jr. Jerry L. Prince, Michael J. Lopez, and Elliot R. McVeigh y Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering y Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ABSTRACT Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging [1, 2] is a technique used to impose a known intensity pattern, called a tag pattern, on an object by spatially modulating the object s proton spin density before the image is acquired. Since the tag pattern moves with the object, MR tagging is particularly useful in the estimation of deformable motion ....

....experiment includes a study of the effects of temporal sampling on the optimal frequency that was not done in [3, 4] Our experimental results show that the tag pattern optimization method in [3, 4] is valid in a practical MR imaging application. 1. INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging [1, 2] is a technique used to impose a known intensity pattern, called a tag pattern, on an object by spatially modulating the object s proton spin density before the image is acquired. A wide variety of tag patterns can be generated with this technique ranging from parallel line patterns [2] to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E .P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59-- 63, 1988.

....any detected tag line centers that do not meet a spatio temporal continuity criterion. The ML MAP method is demonstrated on data from ten in vivo human hearts. Keywords MR tagging, feature extraction, MR cardiography, image sequence analysis. I. Introduction M AGNETIC resonance (MR) tagging [1,2] techniques have shown great potential for non invasively measuring the local mechanical wall function (strain) in an in vivo left ventricle (LV) Tagged images appear with a spatially encoded pattern of dark lines called tag lines that move with the myocardium and can be analyzed to reconstruct ....

....in Section II. In Section III these algorithms are demonstrated on data from ten in vivo normal human hearts. Conclusions and directions for future work are presented in Section IV. II. Algorithm Development Tags are flat saturation planes which are applied to the heart usually at end diastole [1,2]. As shown in Figure 1, images acquired on planes orthogonal to these tag planes show the tags as dark lines which are nearly straight in images taken shortly after end diastole and are curved in later images. In this section we use a priori knowledge of the tagging process to derive a tag line ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E.P. Shapiro, "Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion," Radiology, vol. 169, pp. 59--63, 1988.

....Deformable Model, Myocardial Infarction. 1 Introduction Noninvasive imaging techniques for assessing the dynamic behavior of the human heart are invaluable in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, as abnormalities in the myocardial motion sensitively reflect deficits in blood perfusion [16]. MRI is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides superb anatomic information with excellent spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast. Conventional Magnetic Resonance (MR) studies of the heart provide accurate measures of global myocardial function, chamber volume, ejection fraction, and ....

E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. Shapiro, "Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion", Radiology, 169:59-63, 1988.

....specifically designed to study cardiac motion. MRI tagging is one such technique. With this type of imaging, a spatially varying pattern, or tag, is induced in the data at the start of each cardiac cycle. Motion of the tissue after each tag application is revealed by tracking the tag pattern [102,6]. Several methods have been developed to track these tags [73,101,1,74,67] Another MRI technique called phase contrast MRI, which produces images of cardiac tissue velocity [69] has recently emerged as a technique to study heart motion, and has spawned a variety of deformable modeling techniques ....

E Zerhouni, D M Parish, W F Rogers, A Yang, and E P Shapiro. "Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging - a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion." Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....postero lateral myocardial infarction are illustrated. 1 Introduction Noninvasive techniques for assessing the dynamic behavior of the human heart are invaluable in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, as abnormalities in the myocardial motion sensitively reflect deficits in blood perfusion [9]. In MR tagging, the magnetization property of selective material points in the myocardium are altered in order to create tagged patterns within a deforming body such as the heart muscle. The resulting pattern defines a time varying curvilinear coordinate system on the tissue. During tissue ....

Zerhouni, E., Parish, D., et al.: Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging -- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169 (1988) 59--63

....or ultrasound transducers permits tracking of actual fixed points on the heart wall [2] but these points are relatively coarse, and transmural motion is not quantified. Further, the extreme invasiveness of this method renders it impractical for clinical use. Recently, the technique of MR Tagging [3] has been applied in cardiac motion estimation. In this method, an artificial brightness pattern (e.g. a striped grid pattern) is super imposed on the image. This pattern has the property that it moves along with the tissue and the moving pattern can then be analyzed to form an estimate of the ....

E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parish, W. J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E. P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....each individual pulse position as a multi dimensional least squares estimation problem, and determine the pulse shape that minimizes the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the average estimation error variance. Our result can be used in applications such as magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac tagging [1] and pulse position modulation (PPM) 2] where a signal is encoded by the pulse displacement from a specified position reference. Atalar and McVeigh [3] addressed a similar problem in the context of MR tagging where the position estimation of a single pulse is considered. In particular, the ....

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E.P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....part of the underlying physics and imaging process. In some applications, however, it is possible to control this brightness function. For example, consider the estimation of left ventricular motion from a sequence of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the heart. Recent developments in MR tagging [17, 18, 19, 20] make it possible to modulate the MRI brightness function to make a spatial pattern appear in otherwise homogeneous tissue (see Section VI for more information) Prince et al. 21, 22, 23, 24] have shown that such patterns can be exploited using optical flow processing to detect motion that would ....

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E.P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....on data from an in vivo human heart. Keywords: MR tagging, feature extraction, MR cardiography, image sequence analysis. Acknowledgment of Support: This research was supported by a Whitaker Foundation Biomedical Engineering Research Grant. I Introduction Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging [1, 2, 3, 4] has been shown to be a useful technique for non invasively measuring the deformation of an in vivo heart. Tagged images appear with a spatially encoded pattern of lines called tag lines that move with the tissue and can be analyzed to reconstruct a three dimensional (3 D) description of the ....

....a Gaussian profile as shown in Figure 2. We model this profile s(x) as s(x) 1 Gamma A(t)e Gamma(4 ln 2)x 2 =FWHM 2 ; 1) where 0 A(t) 1 is the tag amplitude, and FWHM is the full width at half maximum of the tag. The tag pattern amplitude decays with time due to T 1 relaxation [1]. We model this decay as A(t) e Gammat=T 1nom ; where T 1nom is the nominal T 1 of the myocardium listed in Table 1. The FWHM of the tag also changes with time due to contraction and expansion of the myocardium, but this effect is neglected in this analysis. The intensity profile of a ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E.P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. 19 Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....still too large. Another important criterion, especially for motion analyses, is the ability to obtain data correspondence between the images taken at subsequent time phases. Recently, the introduction of a new technology in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in conjunction with magnetic tagging [6, 116] has provided a potentially powerful tool for the study of heart wall motion. The MR tagging method provides a means to noninvasively mark and track a number of material points, and therefore provides a temporal correspondence for the material points on featureless structures like the heart wall. ....

....and tracked. Methods of providing intra myocardial markers in the past have included: 1. the implantation of radiopaque markers [45, 21, 59, 3] lead beads [104] or ultrasonic crystals [84, 103] 2. use of naturally occurring landmarks [53, 26, 107, 111] and 3. magnetic resonance (MR) tagging [116, 6, 65, 8, 32, 34]. Although the implantation methods [45, 84, 21, 59, 104, 103, 3] are widely used and provide the most accurate localization, the invasive nature of the procedures does not allow a sufficient number of markers to be implanted for an adequate reconstruction of the LV geometry. Moreover, it poses ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parish, W. J. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. P. Shapiro. Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging - a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....S. Kerwin, Nael F. Osman, and Jerry L. Prince Center for Imaging Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218 Tel: 410) 516 5192 E mail: prince jhu.edu 1 Introduction The introduction of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1, 2] over a decade ago has led to an explosion of analysis tools for in vivo assessment of heart performance. In particular, the use of tagged MRI to measure myocardial strain [3, 4, 5] has figured prominently in many recent medical research and scientific investigations. It has been used to develop ....

....transmural variation is present. In such featureless regions, motion measurements are impossible. For the LV in particular, most conventional images only allow measurement of wall thickening [13] The lack of features problem is effectively solved by a technique unique to MR imaging called tagging [1, 2]. Tagging uses pulse sequences similar to standard imaging sequences to impose temporary spatial variation in the longitudinal magnetization of protons inside the body. In subsequent images, the varying magnetization manifests itself as an alternating light and dark tag pattern, such as ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parish, W. J. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....been proposed in the MR literature. The basic premise in all tagging schemes involves using a set of RF pulses to place tags in thin slices of the myocardium, perpendicular to the imaging plane which can then be tracked over the heart cycle. The method originally proposed by Elias Zerhouni in 1988 [36] (star burst tagging) produces a number of radial saturation stripes within the image (see Fig. 1(a) and (b) SPAMM[4] is a technique for producing a grid pattern of signal voids on the tissue two perpendicular sets of tagging planes, each perpendicular to the imaging plane (see Fig. 1(c) and ....

E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A. Yang and E. Shapiro, "Human Heart: Tagging with MR Imaging -- A Method for Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Motion", Radiology, Vol.169, pp.59-63, 1988.

....have been performed on canine hearts with small numbers of markers in isolated regions. Also, the presence of the markers has an unknown effect on local myocardial properties. The introduction of tagged MR imaging presented an opportunity for noninvasive measurements of material point motion (Zerhouni et al. 1988). MR tags are spatially modulated patterns of magnetization induced in tissue. The patterns move with the otherwise featureless tissue, giving a visual indication of motion in the images. Typically, MR tagging produces thin sheets of magnetically presaturated tissue orthogonal to the image plane. ....

.... 1989] Douglas et al. 1991] Gurtin, 1981] Guttman et al. 1994] Kerwin and Prince, 1997] Liu et al. 1993] Meinguet, 1984] Moore et al. 1992] Moulton et al. 1996] O Dell et al. 1993] Park et al. 1996] Radeva et al. 1996] Waks et al. 1996] Wang et al. 1995a] Wang et al. 1995b] [Zerhouni et al. 1988] 32 ....

Zerhouni, E., Parish, D., Rogers, W., Yang, A., and Shapiro, E. (1988). Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63.

....by tests on both simulated and actual MR data, and is demonstrated to be computationally robust to inaccurate knowledge of MR parameters. 1. INTRODUCTION Techniques for myocardial motion analysis have been widely studied and used to diagnose abnormal heart function [1] 2] MR tagging methods [3] have shown promise for detailed non invasive motion imaging, and several tagging methods and associated image processing algorithms have been proposed for tagged MR images [4] 5] Our research focuses on optical flow (OF) which is a method to estimate a dense flow field between image pairs. ....

E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A.Yangand, and E. Shapiro, "Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion," Radiology, vol. 169, pp. 59--63, 1988.

....field. This technique is particularly promising because it avoids the aperture problem altogether, but velocity images are noisy and take longer to acquire than other techniques [3] MR Tagging The image intensity inside the LV wall can be altered non invasively with a technique called MR tagging [20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. Tagged images appear with a spatially encoded pattern that moves with the heart tissue as it moves through the cardiac cycle. The tag pattern creates intensity gradients in the otherwise homogeneous intensity in the LV wall, and as a result alleviates the effects of the aperture problem. For ....

....2 (x;y) 1 Gamma e GammaT R=T 1 (x;y) cos ffe GammaT R=T 1 (x;y) 1:3) The parameters TE, TR and ff can be changed by the scanner operator to alter the appearance of the sample in the MR image. MR Tagging The appearance of the sample can also be changed with MR tagging techniques [20]. One method of generating MR tag patterns is to use a sequence of rf pulses and magnetic field gradients to selectively suppress the presession signal in planes of the sample and then image a slice of the sample orthogonal to these planes as shown in Figure 1.9a. In the resulting image, the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E .P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....they can measure the 3 D velocity of the heart at arbitrary points in its cycle. Estimating a displacement field from phase contrast data, however, is difficult because the velocity measurements must be integrated in time and estimation errors accumulate. Magnetic resonance tagging techniques [2] can provide highly accurate sparse displacement measurements, but because the tag pattern fades with time, tagging can only be used to measure the systolic (contraction) phase of the cardiac cycle. An imaging protocol based on both phase contrast and tagging data can potentially provide enhanced ....

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E .P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59-- 63, 1988.

....paper is capable of producing accurate, high resolution strain maps of the myocardium. Keywords: Cardiac MRI, left ventricle, cardiac mechanics, spatial resolution. Permission to publish this abstract separately is granted. I Introduction Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) tagging [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] make it possible to noninvasively measure the three dimensional (3 D) motion of the heart wall. In tagged images, the myocardium appears with a spatially encoded pattern that moves with the tissue and can be analyzed to reconstruct the motion of the myocardium and measures of local contractile ....

E.A. Zerhouni, D.M. Parish, W.J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E.P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

....can be compared against the truth. We conclude with a simple demonstration of the performance of the simulator. Keywords motion analysis of biomedical images, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, representation and description of multidimensional shape. 1 Introduction Tagged MR imaging [8] can provide important information about the motion of the left ventricle (LV) of the This research was supported by NIH grant R29 HL47405, and NSF grant MIP 9350336. Correspond to prince jhu.edu. heart. In this technique, a pattern of spatially varying magnetism is embedded in the LV using a ....

E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parish, W. J. Rogers, A. Yangand, and E. P. Shapiro. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology, 169:59--63, 1988.

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E. A. Zerhouni, D. M. Parish, W. J. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. P. Shapiro, "Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging---a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion," Radiology 169(1), pp. 59--63, 1988.

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E. Zerhouni, D. Parish, W. Rogers, A. Yang, and E. Shapiro. "Human heart: Tagging with MR imaging --- a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion", Radiology, 169:59-63, 1988.

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