Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. ~ Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulation. Technical report, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 21 June 1996. Also http://www.ai.sri.com/natural-language/projects/arpa-sls/apps.html.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....combat simulation system allowing speech input and mouse clicks for reference. The reference resolution component of EUCALYPTUS is focus based and follows from the work of Grosz and Sidner [24] Some of the more recent multimodal systems handle discourse processing in var ious ways. CommandTalk [45, 35], a spoken language interface for battlefield sim ulations, employs a Contextual Interpretation agent within the dialogue manager to resolve pronominal, definite noun phrase, and deictic references by maintaining a salient entity list and focus spaces. Both situational context (current state) and ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J.M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer. Com- mandTalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations. In Proc. Conf. on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1-7, Washington, D.C., April 1997. Assocation for Computational Linguistics.

....[4] for supporting a common military planning simulation task. In this task, a user arrays forces on a map by placing icons representing military units (e.g. the 82 nd Airborne Division) and control measures, 2 A high performance spoken language system was also developed for a similar task [12] but to our knowledge it was not formally evaluated against the relevant GUI. 3 A case study of one user was reported in [3] This paper reports a fuller study, with different users, statistical analyses, and an expanded set of dependent measures (including error correction) e.g. various ....

Moore, R., Dowding, J., Bratt, H., Gawron, J., Gorfu, Y., Cheyer, A., CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations, Proc. of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, Association for Computational Linguistics, 1997: Washington, DC. pp. 1-7.

....by one might be processable by the other, making a spoken error message from one misleading. In that case we either need to restrict NAUTILUS error messages to unspoken text (as is the case with OGI NL error messages) or somehow coordinate between the two agents. RELATED WORK CommandTalk [Moore 1997], also developed for LeatherNet, is a spoken natural language interface (input only) to ModSAF and CommandVU. Like the present work it is implemented using the Open Agent Architecture and includes agents for speech recognition, NL, and contextual interpretation (the latter includes noun phrase and ....

R. C. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J.M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer (1997). CommandTalk: A spoken -language interface for battlefield simulations. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, Mar. 31-Apr. 3, 1997, Washington DC, pp. 1-7.

....for the production of its own conversational goals and their realization as conversational acts. I am in a unique position to develop my previous work on all aspects of generation in TRIPS. 7. 2 CommandTalk Last summer I had the opportunity to work on the dialog component of the CommandTalk system [47, 66]. CommandTalk is an interface to the ModSAF military simulator [10] It accepts user input in the form of speech, text, menu commands and gestures on the map; and outputs signals, speech, text and simulation commands. It can also manipulate the map; for instance, if the user asks where an object ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1--7, Washington, DC, 1997. Association for Computational Linguistics.

....would both perform better and be more satisfied when using a multimodal interface. As an illustrative example, in the distributed simulation application we describe in this paper, one user task is to add a phase line to a map. In the existing unimodal interface for this application (CommandTalk, Moore 1997), this is accomplished with a spoken utterance such as CREATE A LINE FROM COORDINATES NINE FOUR THREE NINE THREE ONE TO NINE EIGHT NINE NINE FIVE ZERO AND CALL IT PHASE LINE GREEN . In contrast the same task can be accomplished by saying PHASE LINE GREEN and simultaneously drawing the gesture ....

....leaders. LeatherNet simulates training exercises using the ModSAF simulator (Courtemanche and Ceranowicz 1995) and supports 3D visualization of the simulated exercises using CommandVu (Clarkson and Yi 1996) SRI International s CommandTalk provides a unimodal spoken interface to LeatherNet (Moore et al. 1997). QuickSet is a distributed system consisting of a collection of agents that communicate through the Open Agent Architecture 4 (Cohen et al. 1994) It runs on both desktop and hand held PCs under Windows 95, communicating over wired and wireless LANs (respectively) or modem links. The wireless ....

Moore, R. C., J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J. M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer 1997. CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations.

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Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. ~ Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulation. Technical report, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 21 June 1996. Also http://www.ai.sri.com/natural-language/projects/arpa-sls/apps.html.

....A visual display gives direct feedback on some of those parameters. It is this monitor that the 3 user will be looking at when wearing the head mounted eyetracker . Figure 22: PSA Simulation The speech and language processing architecture is based on that of the SRI CommandTalk system [10,14]. The system comprises a suite of about 20 agents, connected together using the SRI Open Agent Architecture [9] Speech recognition is performed using a version of the Nuance recognizer[12] Initial language processing is carried out using the SRI Gemini system [6] using a domainindependent ....

Moore, R., Dowding, J., Bratt, H., Gawron, J., Gorfu, Y., and Cheyer, A. 1997. CommandTalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1-7.

....It is tempting to consider the option of moving towards a more expressive grammar formalism, like uni#cation grammar, writing the original grammar in uni#cation grammar form and compiling it down to the context free notation required by the underlying toolkit. At least one such system #Gemini; #Moore et al. 1997## has been implemented and used to build successful and non trivial applications, most notably CommandTalk #Stent et al. 1999#. Gemini accepts a slightly constrained version of the uni#cation grammar formalism originally used in the Core Language Engine #Alshawi 1992#, and compiles it into ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J.M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer. 1997. CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battle#eld Simulations. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1#7, Washington, DC. Available online from http:##www.ai.sri.com#natural-language #projects#arpa-sls#commandtalk.html.

....number of independent, cooperating agents interacting through SRI s Open Agent Architecture (OAA) Martin et al. 1998) OAA uses a facilitator agent that plans and coordinates interactions among agents during distributed computation. An introduction to the basic CommandTalk agents can be found in Moore et al. 1997). CommandTalk s dialogue component is described in detail in Stent et al. 1999) and its use of linguistic and situational context is described in Dowding et al. 1999) 3 The One Grammar Approach In a domain with limited data, the inability to collect a sufficient corpus for training a ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer. 1997. CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations.

No context found.

Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. ~ Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. 1996. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battle#eld simulation. Technical report, Arti#cial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 21 June. Also, http:##www.ai.sri.com#natural-language#projects#arpa-sls#apps.html.

.... Language in Context in CommandTalk John Dowding, Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Sharon Goldwater SRI International fdowding,owen,goldwaterg ai.sri.com February 5, 1999 1 Introduction CommandTalk [6] is a spoken language interface to the ModSAF [1] battlefield simulator that allows simulation operators to generate and execute military exercises by creating forces and control measures, assigning missions to forces, and controlling the display. ModSAF is a stochastic distributed entity based ....

Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1--7, Washington, DC, 1997. Association for Computational Linguistics.

.... CommandTalk Spoken Dialogue System Amanda Stent, John Dowding Jean Mark Gawron, Elizabeth Owen Bratt, and Robert Moore SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 fstent,dowding,gawron,owen,bmooreg ai.sri.com 1 Introduction CommandTalk (Moore et al. 1997) is a spokenlanguage interface to the ModSAF battlefield simulator that allows simulation operators to generate and execute military exercises by creating forces and control measures, assigning missions to forces, and controlling the display (Ceranowicz, 1994) CommandTalk consists of independent, ....

....Open Agent Architecture (OAA) Martin et al. 1998) This architecture allows components to be developed independently, and then flexibly and dynamically combined to support distributed computation. Most of the agents that compose CommandTalk have been described elsewhere (for more detail, see (Moore et al. 1997)) This paper describes extensions to CommandTalk to support spoken dialogue. While we make no theoretical claims about the nature and structure of dialogue, we are influenced by the theoretical work of (Grosz and Sidner, 1986) and will use terminology from that tradition when appropriate. We also ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer. 1997. CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, pages 1--7, Washington, DC. Association for Computational Linguistics.

....however. We therefore instantiate the rules in a more careful way that avoids unnecessarily instantiating features or generating unnecessary combinations of feature values. A prime example of the problem we need to circumvent is a rule that occurs in a grammar developed by SRI for CommandTalk (Moore et al. 1997), a spoken language interface to a military simulation system: coordinate nums: digit: digit: digit: digit: This rule says that a set of coordinate numbers can be a sequence of four digits. In the CommandTalk grammar, the digit category has features (e.g. singular vs. plural, 0 vs. ....

Moore R., J. Dowding, H. Bratt, J. M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu, and A. Cheyer (1997) "CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations," in Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, Association for Computational Linguistics, Washington, DC, pp. 1--7.

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Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. ~ Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. 1996. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulation.

....to learn for complex command and control operations in battlefield simulation systems. Giving a single command to a simulated unit can require performing many mouse clicks and negotiating multiple levels of menus. That is why SRI International first addressed this problem by developing CommandTalk [1], a spoken language interface that allows commanders to use natural, spoken English commands to control simulated forces. SRI s Open Agent Architecture (OAA, Fig. 2, 2] was used to rapidly put the needed pieces together, i.e. the Nuance speech recognizer [3] the Gemini natural language (NL) ....

R. Moore, J. Dowding, H.Bratt, J.M. Gawron, Y. Gorfu and A. Cheyer. CommandTalk: A SpokenLanguage Interface for Battlefield Simulations. Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, Washington, D.C., 1997.

....to the map based integration of speech with other modalities. 6 In the CommandTalk system, currently installed at the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center at Twentynine Palms, CA, a collection of OAA enabled agents provides a spokenEnglish interface to a map based simulation of armed forces [12]. CommandTalk has proven useful in providing realism to scenarios used in training military commanders. The simulator is roughly 500,000 lines of code that was provided to the interface developers. Within 2 weeks of receiving the simulator code, they were able to demonstrate a spoken language ....

Robert Moore, John Dowding, Harry Bratt, J. Mark Gawron, Yonael Gorfu, and Adam Cheyer. Commandtalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulation. Technical report, Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, 21 June 1996. Also http://www.ai.sri.com/natural-language/projects/arpasls /apps.html.

No context found.

Moore, R., Dowding, J., Bratt, H, Gawron, JM, Cheyer, A. CommandTalk: A spoken-language interface for battlefield simulations. Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing, Washington, D.C., April 1997.

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