Steels, L. (1998). Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation. In Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C., editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: social and cognitive bases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....then innate and biologically evolved mechanisms are not necessary. This would decrease the number of linguistic phenomena that have to be explained by biological evolution. This research is a small part of research into the origins of intelligence and language using computer simulations (see e.g. [12,24]) In this respect it belongs to the branch of artificial intelligence that uses computers to increase the understanding of human intelligence, rather than to the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to build more intelligent computer programs. What are the phenomena that have to be ....

....successfulness of imitation they only do this in reaction to interactions with other agents. They also cannot change the positions of their vowels in any global way. The emerging vowel systems are therefore truly the result of the interactions between the agents. The research is based on Steels [22,23,24] ideas on the origins of language. Steels considers language as the result of a process of mainly cultural evolution, while the universal tendencies of language can be explained as the results of self organisation under constraints of perception and production. Steels has applied his ideas mainly ....

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L. Steels, Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation, in: Approaches to the evolution of language, J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy & C. Knight (eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 384-404

....of color has only been identified through psychological experiments, and most explanations of these universal tendencies focus on the identical build of the visual pathways, completely ignoring cultural and environmental influences. The experiments described here draw on theories by Luc Steels [12, 13] explaining language through cultural evolution. Steels considers language to be a distributed, complex dynamic system; in which self organization in the representation of the individual and in the dynamics of the language community is responsible for stable states. The theory has been used to ....

....played between two agents; a word form is uttered by one agent and interpreted by the other, when both agents agree on the referent of the word form, the game succeeds. Both agents adapt their internal representations to be more successful at future guessing games. For details on both games, see [13]. The discrimination game The discrimination game serves to create sufficient categories to discriminate the environment. The environment consists of a set of color stimuli, this we call the context . The game follows a simple scenario, and is completed by one agent. After a certain number of ....

Luc Steels. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In James R. Hurford, Michael StuddertKennedy, and Chris Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

....then innate and biologically evolved mechanisms are not necessary. This would decrease the number of linguistic phenomena that have to be explained by biological evolution. This research is a small part of research into the origins of intelligence and language using computer simulations (see e.g. [12,24]) In this respect it belongs to the branch of artificial intelligence that uses computers to increase the understanding of human intelligence, rather than to the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to build more intelligent computer programs. What are the phenomena that have to be ....

....successfulness of imitation they only do this in reaction to interactions with other agents. They also cannot change the positions of their vowels in any global way. The emerging vowel systems are therefore truly the result of the interactions between the agents. The research is based on Steels [22,23,24] ideas on the origins of language. Steels considers language as the result of a process of mainly cultural evolution, while the universal tendencies of language can be explained as the results of self organisation under constraints of perception and production. Steels has applied his ideas mainly ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

L. Steels, Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation, in: Approaches to the evolution of language, J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy & C. Knight (eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 384--404

....and the learning method. After this agents are put in a virtual world, and left alone. The results of the simulation are the (hopefully) emerging patterns, and organization. Steels idea is that language can be looked at as a pattern of organization that is emerging in such multi agent systems (Steels, 1998). Furthermore he thinks the nature of intelligence in general can be described this way (Steels, 1996) The basic method he applies to develop e.g. emergent common vocabularies and phoneme systems is the so called language game. The behavior of agents consists of a series of games that they play ....

Steels, L. (1998). Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganization and level formation. In Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C., editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language, pages 384--404. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

....are optimized but not how they have become optimized. The work described in this paper is based on the theory that self organization in a population of language users drives sound systems towards optimality. It is based on the theories of Luc Steels of language as a complex dynamic system [17, 18, 19] and is also related to other work on the origins and the evolution of language [7, 9] In the theories of Luc Steels language is considered as much to be a phenomenon of a population as it is knowledge of individuals. This approach does not consider language in terms of abstract ideal knowledge ....

Steels, Luc (1998b) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation, in: James R. Hurford, Michael Studdert-Kennedy & Chris Knight (eds.) Approaches to the Evolution of Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp. 384--404

....color categorization emerges through these linguistic interactions. The results are interpreted in the light of theories describing and explaining universal tendencies in human color categorization and color naming. At the same time, the experiments confirm aspects of the theories of Luc Steels [1997; 1998] who views language as a complex dynamic system, arising from self organization and cultural interactions. 1 Introduction Color has enthralled scientists for centuries. Many disciplines in science, among which physics, neurology, cognitive science, philosophy, psychology, linguistics and ....

.... language capacity is innate and at large genetically defined [Chomsky, 1980; Pinker and Bloom, 1990; Bickerton, 1998] while others believe that language emerges from the combined play of the human capacity of abstracting and learning and cultural interactions [Deacon, 1997; Steels, 1999] Steels [1997; 1998] considers language to be the product of cultural evolution. According to Steels language can be seen as a distributed, dynamical and adaptive system. Language is not controlled by one central intelligence; instead, the knowledge of the language is distributed over its users. None of the users has ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Luc Steels. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In James R. Hurford, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, and Chris Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language, pages 384--404. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

....demonstrate how important the environment and other communicators are to the study of communication. 1 See Hendriks Jansen (1998) for a deeper discussion of these issues. Other models of the evolution of communication and language focus on form (including Oliphant and Batali (1997) and Steels(1996)) while my model is concerned with the relationship of signals to contexts and actions in a simulated world. 1.2 PROJECT GOALS When organisms must cooperate to utilize resources, such as food, in their environment, they will evolve strategies to maximize the amount of resources utilized. ....

Steels, Luc. 1996. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In Evolution of Human Language, eds. J. Hurford et al. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

....speech sounds. The individual agents produce and perceive sounds under constraints that are meant to be similar to human ones. They manipulate their own sound systems in order to maximise the success in imitating the other agents. The system is based on Steels ideas about the origins of language [16]. In the next two sections the architecture of the agents (section 2) and their interactions (section 3) are described. Also their relation to Steels theory is described in somewhat more detail. In section 4 the results of a number of experiments are presented and in section 5 these results are ....

....which is to learn each other s speech sounds. If necessary, speech sounds are invented, in order to get the imitation games started, and also in order to introduce more possible sounds in the population. The structure of the imitation games is based on Steels ideas about the origins of language [16]. He considers language a cultural phenomenon that maintains coherence through self organisation. Language is learnt by actively making hypotheses about the form of the language and by testing these in linguistic interactions, which he calls language games. Complexity arises through (cultural) ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Steels, Luc (1997) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation, in: J. Hurford (ed.) Evolution of Human Language, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

....decomposition and allocation. In addition, the communication dialogue was also relatively simple. Further research could attempt to use the planning capability to plan complex dialogues. Perhaps research into the development of language akin to the recent work of Steels could be incorporated (e.g. Steels, 1996a; Steels, 1996d] On the cleaning front, we did not seriously investigate how cleaning might be performed efficiently, as this was not our aim. However, researchers interested in cleaning could investigate other ways to improve the performance. Most of the gains in performance from one layer to ....

Steels, Luc, "Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation", Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In: Hurford, J. (ed.) Evolution of Human Language, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, July 1996.

....(Nicaraguan Sign Language) Signpost 7, volume 1, pp. 40 46. Sheldon, S. N. 1974) Some morphophonemic and tone rules in Mura Pirah. Inter national Journal of American Linguistics 40 pp. 279 82. Snyman, J. W. 1970) An introduction to the X ( Kung) language, Cape Town: Balkema. Steels, Luc (1992) PDL Reference manual, Vrije Universiteit Brussel AI memo 92 05. Steels, Luc (1995) A Self Organizing Spatial Vocabulary. Artificial Life 2(3) pp. 319 332. Steels, Luc (1996) The Spontaneous Self organization of an Adaptive Language. In S. Muggleton (ed. Machine Intelligence 15. ....

....(1974) Some morphophonemic and tone rules in Mura Pirah. Inter national Journal of American Linguistics 40 pp. 279 82. Snyman, J. W. 1970) An introduction to the X ( Kung) language, Cape Town: Balkema. Steels, Luc (1992) PDL Reference manual, Vrije Universiteit Brussel AI memo 92 05. Steels, Luc (1995) A Self Organizing Spatial Vocabulary. Artificial Life 2(3) pp. 319 332. Steels, Luc (1996) The Spontaneous Self organization of an Adaptive Language. In S. Muggleton (ed. Machine Intelligence 15. Steels, Luc (1997a) Constructing and Sharing Perceptual Distinctions. In Maarten ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Steels, Luc (1998b) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using coevolution, self-organisation and level formation. In James R. Hurford, Michael Studdert-Kennedy & Chris Knight (eds.) Approaches to the Evolution of Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press pp. 384-- 404.

....Some features in animal communication are inherited in our communication through evolutionary pathway [1] Therefore it is important to study evolution of language from primitive communication systems. Evolutionary linguistics is a new candidate to shed light on origins and evolution of language [2]. It is stressed as a key notion that origins and evolution of language is phenomena typically shown in complex systems as emergence, selforganization, adaptation, collective behavior, clustering. To understand complex systems, constructive approaches have great benefit [3] By adopting this ....

Steels, L., (1997), Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation, in Evolution of Human Language, Hurford, J (ed.), Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh (in press)

....mechanisms have in common that they are managed by the designer of the system. Recent developments in the research on the origins of language and open multi agent systems however give rise to the study of more elaborate translation mechanisms. In multi agent systems as considered by Steels (cf. [16]) translation mechanisms are assumed to be emergent phenomena. In these systems, the use of communication languages, which can be viewed upon as translation mechanisms bridging the gap between the agents individual mental states, arise as a sideeffect of cooperation. Such translation mechanisms ....

L. Steels. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In J. Hurford, C. Knight, and M. StuddertKennedy, editors, Evolution of Human Language. Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1996.

....the best mates possible. The meaning of the mating display is not shared by signaller and receiver since the job of the sexual ornament is not the same for both parties. Human Language Within models of the evolution of human language (e.g. Kirby Hurford, 1997; Kirby, 1998, 2000; Batali, 1998; Steels, 1998), there is often little attention to the possibility of deceit (but see Noble, 2000) These accounts either implicitly or explicitly presuppose that the agents involved are taking part in an essentially co operative enterprise. Language is used by these agents to transmit information. Disregarding ....

Steels, L. (1998). Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation. In Hurford et al. (1998).

....in multi robot systems, an analogous mechanism is necessary. Since the first symbolic representational systems used by robots will be very simple in comparison to their human counterparts, the mechanisms for creating the necessary shared grounding will be correspondingly simple. See [Steels, 1997; Steels, 1996a] for related research on shared meaning creation. As part of our research into cooperative multi robot systems, we implemented various solutions to a cleaning task using two autonomous mobile robots. The robots are heterogeneous and one of our solutions required symbolic level communication. The ....

Steels, Luc, "Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation", Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In: Hurford, J. (ed.) Evolution of Human Language, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, July 1996.

....a broad sense, to denote any scheme which first randomly modifies an existing system and then tests the result by evaluating the resulting fitness. Evolutionary schemes for finding new functionalities do not necessarily require many generations of agents, but can work inside a single agent (e.g. (Steels, 1997)) A big di#erence between discover and memorise vs. modify and test strategies is that in the former, an already existing (but dormant) reservoir of novelty is tapped, whereas in the latter, novel functionalities are added to the system. Conversely, this entails that discover and memorise leaves ....

Steels, L. (1997). Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organization, and level formation. In Hurford, J., editor, Evolution of Human Language. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

....the word s usage in the language. Constructive approaches are highly advantageous for understanding dynamically complex systems [2] These approaches are also useful for studying evolutionary linguistics which is a new candidate for potentially clarifying the origins and evolution of language [3]. It is important to note that language are typically expressed as such dynamically complex systems as emergence, selforganization, collective behavior, clustering, diversification, hierarchy formation, and so on. It is also important to point out that language systems must have both adaptability ....

Steels, L., Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation, in Evolution of Human Language, Hurford, J (ed.), Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, 1997.

....(in evolutionary perspective) population dynamics [59] is used to model cognitive phenomena, treating species as givens. I should also point out the inspiring young research strand of evolutionary linguistics, where the very emergence of language is modeled with concepts from evolution theory [54]. This approach sheds a bright light on the genesis of phonemes, words, and grammar and should not be missed by anyone interested in the nature of symbols. Finally, the best known attempt to tame evolutionary dynamics for modeling cognitive dynamical systems, and the evolution thereof, is ....

L. Steels. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using coevolution, self-organization, and level formation. In J. Hurford, editor, Evolution of Human Language. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1997.

....is changing. Pidgin and creole languages are increasing in their complexity, and new expressions are daily being added to every language. Language, in short, is an ever changing system. Evolutionary linguistics is a new candidate for potentially clarifying the origins and evolution of language [2]. It is important to note that the origins and evolution of language are typically expressed as such dynamically complex systems as emergence, self organization, collective behavior, clustering, diversification, hierarchy formation, and so on. A language system must have both adaptability and ....

Steels, L., (1997), Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation, in Evolution of Human Language, Hurford, J (ed.), Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh

....a Game is defined as a routinised sequence of interactions between two agents involving a shared situation in the world . Maynard Smith [16] also argues that Games are a useful mechanism when studying evolution. This paper is based on the Language Game models of Steels (especially [26] 27] and [28]) In fact it can be viewed as a generalisation of Steels model, as explained in Section 1.3. 1.3 Comparison with Steels Model Although the inspiration for the current model is drawn from several papers by Luc Steels, it di#ers from Steels framework in a few significant ways. Firstly, in ....

L. Steels. Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, self-organisation and level formation. In J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy, and Chris Knight, editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: social and cognitive bases, pages 384--404. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1998.

....origins of meanings, self organization, distributed agents, open systems. 1 Introduction The research reported here is part of a larger research program to understand the origins of language and meaning using complex systems mechanisms such as self organisation, co evolution, and level formation [5]. This paper focuses on the meaning creation process. A theoretical model is proposed to explain how an autonomous agent may originate new meanings. The agent is autonomous in the sense that its ontology is not explicitly put in by a designer, nor is there any explicit instruction. For the ....

Steels, L. (1996c) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution and self-organisation. In: Hurford, J. (ed.) Evolution of Human Language. Edinburgh Univ. Press. Edinburgh.

....self organisation and level formation. I am exploring this hypothesis in a series of experiments on robotic and software agents that span all aspects of language: grounded meaning creation, lexicon formation, syntax, and emergent phonology. An overview of these experiments is given in [13]. This paper only focuses on lexicon formation. It describes a system that gives rise to adaptive lexicons in a group of distributed agents. The system is discussed here in an abstract fashion, but it has been coupled with meaning creation processes [12] implemented on physical robots, and tested ....

Steels, L. (1996d) Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution and selforganisation. In: [15]

No context found.

Steels, L. (1998). Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation. In Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., and Knight, C., editors, Approaches to the Evolution of Language: social and cognitive bases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

No context found.

Steels, Luc (1997) "Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using co-evolution, selforganisation and level formation." In: Hurford, J., C. Knight and M. Studdert-Kennedy (ed.) Evolution of Human Language. Edinburgh Univ. Press. Edinburgh.

No context found.

Steels, L. (1996) Synthesising the Origins of Language and Meaning using Co-evolution and Self-organisation. Evolution of Human Language, In Hurford, J. (Ed), Edinburgh Univ. Press., Edinburgh.

No context found.

Steels, Luc, "Synthesising the origins of language and meaning using coevolution, self-organisation and level formation", Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In: Hurford, J. (ed.) Evolution of Human Language, Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, July 1996.

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