Alan H. Bond. A Computational Model for Organizations of Cooperating Intelligent Agents. SIGOIS Bulletin, 11, 21-30, 1990.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... definitions, systems of distributed intelligent agents, so called multi agent systems (MAS) by the DAI community, relie on sociological theory [Gasser 91] and use centrally the concept of commitments [Fikes 82] Building upon the seminal work of symbolic interactionists such as [Gerson 76] Bond 90] and [Dongha 94] propose a definition and a computational model of the concept of commitment that leads naturally to the study of resource management. We think that effective resource management in a distributed system requires powerful control structures yet to be founded. The main purpose of ....

....to exchange some goods for it. And one should keep in mind that it is always revocable, be it only through the variation of currency 1. 2 Commitments as second order resources Commitments are essentially measured in terms of allocation of resources and constraints upon resources [Gerson, 76] Bond 90] Dongha 94] They appear as one critical reason for the setting up of multi agent societies: by regulating exchange, they enable using each other as a way to access additional resources that would remain otherwise unaccessible, or would be too costly to obtain: An agent A commits certain of ....

Alan H. Bond. A Computational Model for Organizations of Cooperating Intelligent Agents. SIGOIS Bulletin, 11, 21-30, 1990.

....Consistency Methods used Cooperation Responsabilities Organization Tasks Comprehension Acceptance Terminologies Points Preconditions Elements Consequences Preferences Needs RessourcesRequirements Feasability Constraints Tools Quality Interaction Reliability of view 2 N. Matta Bond s model [2] and Brazier et al. s model [3] We can distinguish some CE particularities from these models like: The existence of a shared model and private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the ....

....Preferences Needs RessourcesRequirements Feasability Constraints Tools Quality Interaction Reliability of view 2 N. Matta Bond s model [2] and Brazier et al. s model [3] We can distinguish some CE particularities from these models like: The existence of a shared model and private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the expertise model (an explicitation of the model of his knowledge) of a participant. These expertise models are private and they are not shared. However, shared ....

A.H. Bond, A Computational Model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents, Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge April, 1990.

....1982) in which knowledge characteristics and nature are described. There is a distinction between this level and symbolic level in which implementation choices are made. A number of researchers have studied CE tasks and provided models of this task, like Brazier et al. Brazier et al., 1995) and Bond (Bond, 1990). Bond s and Brazier et al. s models offer a global view upon the main particularities of CE. From such models we can distinguish some features of CE like: Design Arguments Propositions Decision Artefact Assumptions Private Models Shared Models Evaluate Argue Requirements Modify ....

....contained in this rectangle We propose a structuration in viewpoints for information in this rectangle FIGURE 1. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING TASK MODEL. RECTANGLES SHOW TASKS INPUT OUTPUT, RECTANGLES WITH ROUNDED CORNERS PRESENT TASKS. The existence of shared models and of private models (Bond, 1990) in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the expertise model (i.e. an explicitation of the model of his knowledge) of a participant. These expertise models are private and they are not shared. However, a ....

Bond A. H., A Computational Model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents, Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge April, 1990.

....Realization Preferences 3 II. Management conflict in Concurrent Engineering To determine in which step in CE task conflicts can appear and how to manage them, we first studied a model for the CE task itself. A number of models for this task are presented in the literature like Bond s model [2] and Brazier et al. s model [3] We can distinguish some CE particularities from these models like: The existence of a shared model and private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the ....

....them, we first studied a model for the CE task itself. A number of models for this task are presented in the literature like Bond s model [2] and Brazier et al. s model [3] We can distinguish some CE particularities from these models like: The existence of a shared model and private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the expertise model (an explicitation of the model of his knowledge) of a participant. These expertise models are private and they are not shared. However, shared ....

A.H. Bond, A Computational Model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents, Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge April, 1990.

....CML to describe a generic model of the CE task. I. 1. Concurrent Engineering task modelling research overview A number of researchers have studied CE tasks and provided models of this task, like Ramesh et al. Ramesh et al.,94] Sycara [Sycara,91] Brazier et al. Brazier et al.,95] and Bond [Bond,90] Bond s and Brazier et al. s models offer a global view upon the main particularities of CE. We abstract as follows the characteristics emphasized in these models. In this section, figures represent only data flows like in CommonKADS Task structures [Breuker et al.,94] Rectangles show tasks ....

A.H. Bond, A Computational Model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents, Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge April, 1990.

....is a distinction between this level and symbolic level in which implementation choices are made. 2.Genie project is a collaborative project between INRIA and DASSAULT AVIATION. 3 A number of researchers have studied CE tasks and provided models of this task, like Brazier et al. 3] and Bond [2]. Bond s and Brazier et al. s models offer a global view upon the main particularities of CE. From such models we can distinguish some features of CE like: The existence of shared models and of private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and ....

....studied CE tasks and provided models of this task, like Brazier et al. 3] and Bond [2] Bond s and Brazier et al. s models offer a global view upon the main particularities of CE. From such models we can distinguish some features of CE like: The existence of shared models and of private models [2] in CE. Each one of the private models belongs to a participant of the CE task and describes his knowledge. In fact, a private model is the expertise model (i.e. an explicitation of the model of his knowledge) of a participant. These expertise models are private and they are not shared. However, a ....

A.H. Bond, A Computational Model for organizations of cooperating intelligent agents, Proceedings of the Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge April, 1990.

....In human societies many negotiations occur within the context of financial costs. For example, much institutional behaviour consists of negotiating compromises constrained by available funding. The local possession of value limits the formation of commitments, which are essentially about resources (Bond, 1990; Gerson, 1976) By giving access to additional resources, commitments thus become valuable resource in themselves (Aube Senteni, 1996a; Aube Senteni, 1996b) However, local possession of value can allow in turn the formation of new commitments. For example, a new injection of funding can ....

....to it, and be bound by its limitations, and yet enriching, in that participation provides resources and opportunities otherwise unavailable (Gerson, 1976) Social agents commit to a social convention of money that simultaneously constrains and enriches possible local outcomes. 1 Compare (Bond, 1990; Gerson, 1976) where money is viewed as just another kind of resource. 4.6 Dynamic reallocation of labour As stated, an AMAS may need to reallocate agents to different tasks in order to meet global goals and maintain coherent behaviour. One possible solution is a global controller that has a ....

Bond, A. H. (1990). A computational model for organization of cooperating intelligent agents. In Proc. of the Conference on Office information Systems, pages 21--30. Cambridge, MA.

....terms of policies a relation can be defined as a link between two or more roles. A relationship is composed of interactions occurring between the roles and plus the policies applying to the interaction. The idea of associating relationships with interactions and obligations is also formulated in [25] where the commitments arising from interactions form the relationship. An example of a relationship is a contractual agreement between two or more parties which defines the obligations and authorisations of the contractual parties as well as a minimal set of interactions (periodic meetings, ....

....of the related parts and the interaction protocols ruling the conversations between them. The responsibilities correspond to policies which are the obligations and authorisations. The idea of representing the relations in terms of the obligations of the related parts is also expressed in [25, 30]. In particular in [30] relationships are defined through contracts. We believe however that the interactions are tightly associated with the relations and that the specification of a relationship should include the specification of the associated interaction protocols. The interaction protocol ....

A. H. Bond, "A Computational Model for Organizations of Cooperating Intelligent Agents," presented at ACM Conference on Office Information Systems, Cambridge (MA), 1990.

....In human societies many negotiations occur within the context of financial costs. For example, much institutional behaviour consists of negotiating compromises constrained by available funding. The local possession of value limits the formation of commitments, which are essentially about resources (Bond, 1990; Gerson, 1976) Commitments provide access to additional resources and thus become valuable resources in themselves (Aube Senteni, 1996a; Aube Senteni, 1996b) However, local possession of value can allow in turn the formation of new commitments. For example, a new injection of funding can ....

....The alternative is to distribute data and control, and economic systems suggest at least two possible mechanisms. On one side, a system composed of adaptive agents that attempt to maximise personal utility will exhibit distributed reorganisation of labour. Adaptive utility maximisers 1 Compare (Bond, 1990; Gerson, 1976) where money is viewed as just another kind of resource. will search for rewarding tasks, allocating and reallocating themselves to different parts of the developing solution. For example, if a system constraint changes, such as a consumer agent requesting a qualitatively ....

Bond, A. H. (1990). A computational model for organization of cooperating intelligent agents. In Proc. of the Conference on Office information Systems, pages 21--30. Cambridge, MA.

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