M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as display primitive. Technical Report TR 85--022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985. Home/Search Document Not in Database Summary Related Articles Check |
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Hardware Accelerated Point Rendering of Isosurfaces - Brentzen, Christensen (2003) (1 citation) (Correct)
....on modern hardware. In particular, this means drawing triangles using indexed vertices or, even better, triangle strips [Molle99] Both techniques have been tested in combination with vertex arrays and display lists [Segal02] Point rendering was originally proposed by Levoy and Whitted [Levoy85] and, recently, novel approaches to point rendering have received a great deal of interest. Probably this interest was spawned by Grossman and Dally who proposed a fast block warping scheme [Gross98] to efficiently project points and a hole filling scheme using hierarchical z buffers. More recent ....
Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report 85022, UNC-Chapel Hill Computer Science Technical Report, January 1985.
Surface Splatting: Theory, Extensions and Implementation - Räsänen (2002) (Correct)
....the contributions of all splats contributing to the pixel. Meshing. A polygon mesh is used for interpolating the surface samples. This is rather expensive as the holes are usually only a couple of pixels wide, and a full polygon rendering algorithm is needed. In 1985, Levoy and Whitted [35] presented their pioneering work on point rendering. They note that when complexity increases, the coherence provided by rendering polygons or other higher level primitives becomes less beneficial. They also note that a surface may be represented by a set of 0dimensional points by considering it ....
....each pixel the splat fragments that have similar depth values. This allows high quality texture filtering, order independent transparency and per pixel shading by the use of deferred shading [38] Edge antialiasing is done by estimating the coverage of a pixel as in the method of Levoy and Whitted [35]. Schaufler and Jensen [54] use a similar object representation as in surface splatting, but the splats are placed in an octree and rendered by ray tracing. Using this approach global illumination effects can be achieved. This method can be directly applied to surface splatting to calculate the ....
[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]
Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical report, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, January 1985.
Fast Depth of Field Rendering with Surface Splatting - Krivánek.. (2003) (Correct)
....occlusion and avoids intensity leakage. The algorithm can also render DOF in presence of transparent surfaces (Figure 1) The presented algorithm builds on top of the Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) surface splatting proposed by Zwicker et al. 20, 21] The related work on splatting include [8, 15, 14]. Namely R as anen [14] propose a point rendering pipeline that handles DOF rendering. His method is based on stochastic sampling, it requires high number of samples to produce noise free images and thus it is somewhat slow. The basic idea of our algorithm is to blur the individual splats by ....
....and they are merged, otherwise they are kept separated in the A buffer. Z thresholding is prone to errors since the depth values gets extrapolated if splat support is enlarged by some screen space filtering (e.g. prefiltering, depth of field filtering) We use a depth test based on z ranges [8, 14] that is more robust especially near silhouettes. Normalization. The splat weights generally do not sum to 1 everywhere in screen space which leads to varying texture intensity in the resulting image. Zwicker et al. 20] solves this by a per pixel normalization after splatting all points. We ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Object-Space Blending and Splatting of Points - Pajarola, Sainz, Guidotti (2003) (Correct)
....a new class of parametrized blending kernels with limited support. Our point rendering algorithm is described in Section 5. Section 6 presents experimental results of our approach and Section 7 concludes the paper. 2. Related Work Points as rendering primitives have first been discussed in [LW85] but only much later were re discovered as a practical approach to render complex geometric objects [GD98, RL00] QSplat [RL00] is a high performance point rendering system that uses a region octree multiresolution data structure for efficient LaD selection and a simple point splatting method for ....
Marc Levoy and Tutner Whirred. The use of points as display primitives. Technical Report TR 85-022, Deparment of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Representing and Rendering Surfaces with Points - Krivanek (2003) (Correct)
....and it is hardly predictable what is going to happen. It is highly likely that the classification would not survive even the year to come. 2 Chronological Overview of Point Based Modeling and Rendering The idea to use points as surface rendering primitives dates from 1985, when Levoy and Whitted [32] proposed points as universal rendering meta primitives. They argued that for complex objects the coherence (and therefore the efficiency) of scanline rendering is lost and that points are simple yet powerful enough to model any kind of object. The conceptual idea was to have a unique rendering ....
.... [58, 55] hybrid polygon point rendering systems [12, 15] differential points [29] spectral processing of point sampled surfaces [40] multiresolution point based modeling [33] and the MLSsurfaces [2] EWA surface splatting of Zwicker et al. 67] combines the ideas of Levoy and Whitted [32] with Heckbert s resampling framework [27] to produce a high quality splatting technique that features anisotropic texture filtering, edge antialiasing and order independent transparency. Zwicker et al. also extended the EWA splatting to volume rendering [66] Hybrid polygon point rendering ....
[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]
Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985. 3, 8, 13, 19
Rendering Depth-of-Field with Surface Splatting - Krivanek (2003) (Correct)
....exist to render points as a continuous surface. One of them, which is particularly important for us, is splatting. A single point is rendered as multiple pixels and the colors of the pixels are weighted averages of contributions from different points. This approach was used by Levoy and Whitted in [8]. Zwicker et al. 22] extended it to handle the anisotropic texture filtering and call their method the surface splatting. The surface splatting is the basis for the work we present here. The same authors then extended the surface splatting to volume rendering [21] and presented both algorithms in ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Towards Point-Based Acquisition and Rendering of Large.. - Corrêa, Fleishman, Silva (Correct)
....samples instead of triangles. Recently, many researchers have developed point based rendering systems [12, 23, 26, 31] but point rendering is in fact quite an old concept. Csuri [9] suggested the idea of using points as primitives to render 3D surfaces more than two decades ago. Levoy and Whitted [20] used points to render differentiable surfaces. Points have also been used to model fuzzy objects such as clouds, fire, and plants [5, 25, 32] Most model acquisition systems focus on capturing a single object such as a statue [4, 19] Instead, we are interested in capturing entire environments ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985.
Computing and Rendering Point Set Surfaces - Alexa, Behr, Cohen-Or.. (2002) (15 citations) (Correct)
....criterion (i.e. a neighborhood should cover the full 360 degrees around) Using this simple scheme, Linsen proposes a variety of operations for point clouds, including rendering, smoothing, and some modeling operations. Point sample rendering Following the pioneering work of Levoy and Whitted [35], several researchers have recently proposed using points as the basic rendering primitive, instead of traditional rendering primitives, such as triangulated models. One of the main reasons for this trend is that in complex models the triangle size is decreasing to pixel resolution. This is ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Tr 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Probabilistic Surfaces: Point Based Primitives to Show.. - Grigoryan, Rheingans (2002) (4 citations) (Correct)
....used as display primitives for 3D because of the availability of hardware acceleration for polygon rendering. But as scenes grow more complex, polygons shrink to sizes approaching that of a pixel. The possibility of using points as display primitives was introduced by Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted [8]. It was shown that as the complexity of the scene increases, choosing points as rendering primitives presents a great number of advantages in terms of making algorithms simple. Hence, at some point it becomes appropriate to use points instead of polygons [5] The advent of hardware support for ....
Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, January 1985.
Point-Based Impostors for Real-Time Visualization - Wimmer, Wonka, Sillion (2001) (3 citations) (Correct)
....were investigated by Levoy et Fig. 2. Left: Geometry is sampled using three perspective LDI cameras from a view cell. Right: Rays are cast from the view cell to calculate a Monte Carlo integral. A texture map on the sampling plane records contributions for different view cell locations. al. [12], Grossman et al. 10] and Pfister et al. 20] These algorithms are currently not implemented in hardware and especially hole filling is a challenging problem. For faster rendering, warping can be replaced by hardware transformation together with a splatting operation [21] The main argument for ....
Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report TR 85-022, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Non-Photorealistic Volume Rendering Using Stippling.. - Lu, Morris, Ebert.. (2002) (4 citations) (Correct)
....tone, texture and shape. However, tone, texture, and shape can be effectively conveyed by simply controlling the placement and density of points. Though not a primary focus in illustrative rendering systems until recently, points have been used as rendering primitives before. Levoy and Whitted [13] first demonstrated that points could be used as a display primitive and that a discrete array of points arbitrarily displaced in space, using a tabular array of perturbations, could be rendered as a continuous three dimensional surface. Furthermore, they established that a wide class of ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report 85-022, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Computer Science Department, January 1985.
Surface Splatting - Zwicker, Pfister, van Baar, Gross (2001) (32 citations) (Correct)
....mapping. We present the first systematic analysis for representing and rendering texture functions on irregularly point sampled surfaces. The concept of representing objects as a set of points and using these as rendering primitives has been introduced in a pioneering report by Levoy and Whitted [10]. Due to the continuing increase in geometric complexity, their idea has recently gained more interest. QSplat [16] is a point rendering system that was designed to interactively render large data sets produced by modern scanning devices. Other researchers demonstrated the efficiency of ....
....is needed. For point based representations, one way to approximate coverage is to estimate the density 6 Figure 7: Geometric object with intersecting, semi transparent surfaces, rendered with the extended surface splatting algorithm and edge antialiasing. of projected points per pixel area [10]. Coverage is then computed by measuring the actual density of points in a fragment and dividing the measured value by the estimated value. Rather than explicitly calculating this estimation, we make the simplifying assumption that the Gaussian basis functions are located on a regular grid and ....
[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The Use of Points as Display Primitives. Technical Report TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985.
EWA Splatting - Zwicker, Pfister, van Baar, Gross (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
....as low pass filters. In contrast, EWA splatting models both reconstructing and band limiting the texture function in a unified framework. The concept of representing surfaces as a set of points and using these as rendering primitives has been introduced in a pioneering report by Levoy and Whitted [20]. Due to the continuing increase in geometric complexity, their idea has recently gained more interest. QSplat [6] is a point rendering system that was designed to interactively render large datasets produced by modern scanning devices. Other researchers demonstrated the efficiency of point based ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted, "The use of points as display primitives," Tech. Rep. TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985.
The Randomized z-Buffer Algorithm: Interactive.. - Wand, Fischer.. (2001) (1 citation) (Correct)
....surface sample points. This makes them independent of the input topology, overcoming the main problem of triangle mesh based multi resolution models. The idea of using point samples to render surface models was first applied to the display of smooth three dimensional surfaces by Levoy and Whitted [16], who already mentioned the possibility of using random sampling to obtain sample points. Earlier work focused on the display of non solid objects like clouds, fire, or smoke [4, 7, 21] Chamberlain et al. 5] render complex scenes using boxes of small projected size taken from a spatial ....
Levoy, M., Whitted, T.: The Use of Points as a Display Primitive. Technical report, University of Norh Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Point Set Surfaces - Alexa, Behr, Cohen-Or, Fleishman.. (2001) (39 citations) (Correct)
.... based on theory developed in [27] his projection procedure is different, and requires several iterations to converge to a clean point set (i.e. it is not actually a projection, but more of a converging smoothing step) Point sample rendering Following the pioneering work of Levoy and Whitted [29], several researchers have recently proposed using points as the basic rendering primitive, instead of traditional rendering primitives, such as triangulated models. One of the main reasons for this trend is that in complex models the triangle size is decreasing to pixel resolution. This is ....
M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Tr 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Display of Surfaces from Volume Data - Levoy (1988) (345 citations) Self-citation (Marc) (Correct)
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Levoy, Marc and Whitted, Turner, "The Use of Points as a Display Primitive," Technical Report 85-022, Computer Science Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, January, 1985.
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as display primitive. Technical Report TR 85--022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The Use of Points as Display Primitives. Technical Report TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985. 1, 2
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted, "The use of points as display primitives," Tech. Rep. TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985.
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical report, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
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Levoy, M. and Whitted, T., "The Use of Points as a Display Primitive", Technical Report TR 85--022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985.
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Levoy, M. and Whitted, T. The Use of Points as a Display Primitive. Tech. Rep. TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
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Marc Levoy and Turner Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical report, Computer Science Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, 1985.
Hardware-Accelerated Interactive Illustrative.. - Lu, Taylor.. (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical Report 85022, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Computer Science Department, January 1985.
Visualisation System Based on Image Warping and Delaunay.. - Kozankiewicz (2004) (Correct)
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Levoy, M. and Whitted, T.: The use of points as a display primitive, Tech. Rep. TR 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Point Sample Rendering - Grossman And William (1998) (42 citations) (Correct)
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Mark Levoy, Turner Whitted, "The Use of Points as a Display Primitive", Technical Report TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985
Direction Fields over Point-Sampled Geometry - Alexa, Klug, Stoll (2003) (2 citations) (Correct)
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Tr 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985
Multi-Resolution Rendering of Complex Animated Scenes - Wand, Straßer (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
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Levoy, M., Whitted, T.: The Use of Points as a Display Primitive. Technical report, University of Norh Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Object Space EWA Surface Splatting: A Hardware Accelerated .. - Ren, Pfister, Zwicker (2002) (18 citations) (Correct)
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The Use of Points as Display Primitives. Technical Report TR 85-022, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, 1985. 1, 2
Depth Image-based Representations and Compression.. - Bayakovski.. (2002) (Correct)
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted, "The use of points as a display primitive," Technical Report 85-022, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Randomized Point Sampling for Output-Sensitive Rendering .. - Wand, Fischer, der Heide (2000) (2 citations) (Correct)
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Levoy, M., Whitted, T.: The Use of Points as a Display Primitive. Technical report, University of Norh Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1985.
Time-critical Rendering of Discrete and Continuous Levels.. - Zach, Mantler, Karner (2002) (Correct)
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M. Levoy and T. Whitted. The use of points as a display primitive. Technical report, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Computer Science, 1985.
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