E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a pheromone. Pheromones are used for indirect communication between ants, a phenomenon known as stigmergy. Its end effect is the manifestation of behavior far more complex than expected by such simple organisms. There already exist many successful adaptations of ant behavior to network control [1 11], with the most prominent being AntNet [2,3] and Ant based Control (ABC) 4] An overview of swarm based algorithms can be found in [12] The application of AntNet to a satellite network is discussed in [13] These and the other existing algorithms lack a number of important features, namely ....

....features, namely scalability, full utilization of the network capacity, routing oscillations, and routing loops. We propose an algorithm called Adaptive Swarm based Distributed (Adaptive SDR) that addresses these issues. II. SWARM ROUTING TECHNIQUES In all the above swarm based algorithms [1 11], every node has a table of next hop probabilities to each destination, as shown in Table. I. Table I. Swarm based Routing Table Next Hop 3 4 1 0.15 0.85 Destination Node 2 0.75 0.25 Each row in this table corresponds to a destination and each column to a neighbor. The entries in the table ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz, "Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" antlike agents", Proc. Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98.

.... of reaction that is expected, we can exploit meta managers as a kind of collaborative software agents that use routing information to modify and optimize the multicast distribution tree (this approach borrows its behavior from biological systems, such as ants based or social insect paradigm[5][13] 28] Discovery meta managers are initially sent to a downstream node (the next node) to find a (reverse) backup route to the upstream node (the node before) Once a route is found, the discovery meta manager returns to the original node and stores the backup routes. Only when needed, this ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gu'erin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98, 1998.

.... Strauss 1996 [9, 5, 7] AS VRP Gambardella, Taillard Agazzi 1999 [26] HAS VRP Connection oriented Schoonderwoerd, Holland, 1996 [45, 44] ABC network routing Bruten Rothkrantz White, Pagurek Oppacher 1998 [53] ASGA Di Caro Dorigo 1998 [14] AntNet FS Bonabeau, Henaux, Gu erin, 1998 [4] ABC smart ants Snyers, Kuntz Th eraulaz Connection less Di Caro Dorigo 1997 [12, 13, 15] AntNet AntNet FA network routing Subramanian, Druschel Chen 1997 [50] Regular ants Heusse, Gu erin, Snyers Kuntz 1998 [33] CAF van der Put Rothkrantz 1998 [51, 52] ABC backward Sequential ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunication networks with "Smart" ant-like agents. In Proceedings of IATA'98, Second Int. Workshop on Intelligent Agents for Telecommunication Applications. Lectures Notes in AI vol. 1437, Springer Verlag, 1998.

....that our Byzantine inspired routing model may lead to impractical algorithms in typical (non Byzantine) settings. However, ant inspired routing algorithms were developed and tested in real network environments by British Telecomm and NTT for both wired and wireless networks with superior results [13, 56, 18, 14, 48, 50, 11, 21]. AntNet, a particular such algorithm, was tested in routing for data communication net works [13] The algorithm performed better than OSPF, distributed Bellman Ford with various dynamic metrics, and various modifications of short est path with a dynamic cost metric [9, 48] 2 Network and ....

....approach using both AODV and reactive Ant based exploration. Baras et al. [9] describes a new algorithm that utilizes the inherent broadcast nature of wireless networks to multicast control and signaling packets (ants) ARAMA [35] uses analogous approach. Work on Swarm Intelligence is described in [34, 13, 56, 18, 14, 48, 50, 11, 21, 35, 9]. Networking Security: A substantial research effort has gone into the development of secure routing algorithms both for wireless MANETs and overlay networks. The following A number of routing algorithms have been proposed for wireless MANET s; these protocols can generally be categorized as ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henamx, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA '98), 1998.

....pheromones, that lend themselves to practical application. 5] and [7] offer theoretical discussions with simple applications, and [6] shows how these techniques can play a credible game of chess. The most mature practical use of pheromone techniques is in routing telecommunications packets (e.g. [1] and [10] Application of these techniques to moving physical entities can be traced to the Cascade system [11] a self routing modular material handling system. The application of these techniques to routing and load balancing is being evaluated in the ESPRIT MASCADA project [14] Steels ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

....of other colonies. Thus, ants of each colony attempt to discover the shortest path independent from the path discovered by other colonies. This leads to a more even load distribution throughout the network. More examples of swarm based routing applications exist in the literature. Bonabeau et al. [24] discuss an improvement of ant based algorithms by dynamic programming. Di Caro and Dorigo [25 30] present a number of interesting variations based on ant like agents. White et al. also discuss various enhancements of routing algorithms in [31 35] A. AntNet In the AntNet al..gorithm, routing is ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz, "Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" antlike agents", Proc. Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98.#

.... Bullnheimer, Hartl Strauss AS VRP 1997 [12, 13] Gambardella, Taillard Agazzi HAS VRP 1999 [45] Connection oriented Schoonderwoerd et al. ABC 1996 [77, 76] network routing White, Pagurek Oppacher ASGA 1998 [89] Di Caro Dorigo AntNet FS 1998 [26] Bonabeau et al. ABC smart ants 1998 [10] Connection less Di Caro Dorigo AntNet AntNet FA 1997 [23, 25, 28] network routing Subramanian, Druschel Chen Regular ants 1997 [86] Heusse et al. CAF 1998 [54] van der Put Rothkrantz ABC backward 1998 [88] Sequential ordering Gambardella Dorigo HAS SOP 1997 [43, 44] Graph coloring ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunication networks with "Smart" ant-like agents. In Proceedings of IATA'98, Second Int. Workshop on Intelligent Agents for Telecommunication Applications. Lectures Notes in AI vol. 1437, Springer Verlag, 1998.

....[1, 12] 5, 7] offer theoretical discussions with simple applications, and [6] shows how these techniques can play a credible g me of chess. 19] constructs a synthetic chemistry throug h which ag ents interact. Pheromone based techniques have been developed for routing telecommunications packets [2] and moving physical entities [15] The latter work appealed to a neural backpropag tion model for its antecedents. However, the accumulation of weig hts on frequently activated links throug h backpropag tion has many formal similarities to the accumulation of pheromones on well traveled paths. ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Ag ents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

.... coordination in multi agent systems has gained increasing attention in the scientific community.Following the principles of the design of synthetic ecosystems (SE) 6] 7] pheromone based mechanisms have been applied, for instance, to packet routing in telecommunications networks ([1], 4] to manufacturing logistics and control ( 9] 2] and to problems in military operations. The advantages of the indirect approach are: the agents are decoupled in their activities, computation is off loaded to local servers without compromizing the performance or autonomy of the agents, ....

Bonabeau, E., Henaux, F., Guerin, S., Snyers, D., Kuntz, P., and Theraulaz, G. "Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents". Santa Fe Institute, Sante Fe, NM, 1998.

....simple applications, and [6] shows how these techniques can play a credible game of chess. 18] constructs a synthetic chemistry through which agents interact with multi typed pheromone traces. The most mature practical use of pheromone techniques is in routing telecommunications packets (e.g. [2, 10]) Application of these techniques to moving physical entities can be traced to the Cascade system [14, 15] a self routing modular material handling system. That work appealed to a neural backpropagation model for its antecedents. However, the accumulation of weights on frequently activated links ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

....Environmental and Agent Dynamics 4 with simple applications, and [6] shows how these techniques can play a credible game of chess. 19] constructs a synthetic chemistry through which agents interact. Pheromone based techniques have been developed for routing telecommunications packets [2] and moving physical entities [15] The latter work appealed to a neural backpropagation model for its antecedents. However, the accumulation of weights on frequently activated links through backpropagation has many formal similarities to the accumulation of pheromones on well traveled paths. ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

....service components. The Liquid Software project [6] is on the same line: It has a nice metaphor that is close to the gas analogy used in this paper. Several papers have been published this year that discuss the use of mobile agents for collecting information about the state of the network [7][2]. In these papers little is said about the steering of ants like systems [4] But it is clear that the general concept of a service that is provided by collection of mobile programs is identical with our approach. 6 Conclusions In this paper we presented an adaptive distributed election service ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gu'erin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz and G.Th'eraulaz. Routing in Telecommunication Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. In Proc Second Int. Workshop on Intelligent Agents for Telecommunication Applications IATA'98, Lectures Notes in AI, Vol 1437, 1998.

....elaborate model for synthetic pheromones is [18] which pursues the analogy to the point of constructing a synthetic chemistry through which agents interact with multi typed pheromone traces. The most mature practical use of pheromone techniques is in routing telecommunications packets (e.g. [2, 10]) Application of these techniques to moving physical entities can be traced to the Cascade system [14, 15] a self routing modular material handling system. That work appealed to a neural backpropagation model rather than a pheromone model for its antecedents. However, the accumulation of weights ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

....are static. They can take account of path lengths and static node capacities, but do not reflect moment bymoment congestion in the network. Several researchers are exploring the use of synthetic pheromones to enable packet agents and node agents to maintain routing tables dynamically [2, 8]. Though only at the emulation level, these efforts are typically conducted in close collaboration with telecommunication companies and use emulation platforms that offer a high degree of real world fidelity, leading to the prospect of a relatively short adoption path. Instead of recommending a ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Gurin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 1998.

....Stigmergy, it is argued, serves as a robust, adaptive mechanism for information sharing. Worker ants that leave pheremone trails when they venture outside their nest are using stigmergic communication, and several researchers cite this ant behavior as an explicit influence on their work [11] 5] [3]. An important early paper in this domain is Mobile Software Agents for Control in Telecommunications Networks [1] Appleby and Steward argue that centralized control strategies are a poor match for inherently distributed systems and that the technique of programming with mobile objects is a ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98, 1998. http://www.santafe.edu/sfi/publications/ Abstracts/98-01-003abs.html

....Problem, JSP for Job Shop Scheduling Problem, VRP for Vehicle Routing Problem, SOP for Sequential Ordering Problem, FAP for Frequency Assignment Problem, GCP for Graph Coloring Problem, SCS for Shortest Common Supersequence) Table 1. ACO applications (adapted from [15] ABC Bonabeau et al. [4], van der Put, Rothkrantz [48] network routing ACS Dorigo, Ganbardella [16] TSP, VRP AntNet Di Caro, Dorigo [6] 7] network routing ANTS Maniezzo [31] Maniezzo, Carbonaro [32] QAP, FAP AS Colorni, Dorigo, Maniezzo [10] 11] 17] TSP, QAP, JSP ASrank Bullnheimer, Hartl, Strauss [5] TSP, VRP ....

E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz, Routing in telecommunication networks with "smart" ant-like agents, Proc. of IATA'98, Lecture notes on Articial Intelligence 1437 (1998).

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like (a) (b) (c) (d)

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz and G. Theraulaz, "Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-like Agents", Proc. of 2nd International Workshop on Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98, Paris, France, July, 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998.

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Theraulaz. Routing in Telecommunications Networks with "Smart" Ant-Like Agents. In Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications '98 (IATA'98), 1998. 224

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E. Bonabeau, F. Henaux, S. Guerin, D. Snyers, P. Kuntz, and G. Th6raulaz, "Routing in telecommunications networks with "smart" ant-like agents", Proc. Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications 98.

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