M. Genesereth et al. Knowledge interchange format version 2.0 reference manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, july 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....as exercises for the reader. To demonstrate that OWL is an adequate language for ACL content we consider a list of test cases presented in [Bothelo 2002] These examples were used as an expressive test for a candidate FIPA content language and compared the result of encoding these in SL, KIF [Genesereth, 1992], ebXML, Prolog and DAML. Clearly OWL is less expressive than SL, KIF or Prolog, but the OWL version of these test cases given in Table 1 show that it s up to most of tasks it might be asked to serve. Expression Representation Comment Schrdinger s Cat is alive owner Shrodinger owner ....

Michael R. Genesereth, et al.. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Report Logic-92-1, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, June 1992.

....mother of John, John is the same individual as Jack, and that Person is a subclass of Animal correspond, respectively, to the FOL sentences Person(John) isMotherOf(Mary, John) John = Jack, and . Person(x) Animal(x) 2. 2 SKIF SKIF [23] derives from efforts to formalise the KIF language [16]. Like KIF, SKIF uses a LISP compatible syntax, but OWL has two different but closely related semantics, one in this style and one in an RDF style. As equality is present in most representation languages we will assume the presence of a notion of equality in any semantic foundation. otherwise ....

M. R. Genesereth and R. E. Fikes. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Report Logic 92-1, Stanford Logic Group, June 1992. Also available at http://logic.stanford.edu/sharing/papers/kif.ps.

....constraints that can be defined on frames, for example to link the values of a group of template slots attached to a class. As a very recent addition to Prot eg e, a constraint language enables developers to represent constraints throughout an ontology as sentences expressed in KIF based [6] predicate logic. Prot eg e defines a set of built in predicates and functions that can be used to express constraints. Prot eg e also provides functionality to evaluate the constraints and check that the individual instances in a knowledge base conform to those constraints. Examples of ....

M. R. Genesereth and R. E. Fikes. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Report Logic 92-1, Logic Group, Stanford University, California, 1992.

....is to be defined within one or more ontologies that will be shared by the communicating agents [Gruber, 1993b, Gruber, 1993a, Farquahar et al. 1996] Again, we shall return to the issue of ontologies in section 4.2. A generic knowledge representation language called kif [Genesereth, 1991, Genesereth et al. 1992] to and from which all other content languages should be translatable has been sug7 gested for the content to be communicated, including the content of messages about capabilities (cf. section 2.3) 2.2.3 The Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language Research on the outer language mentioned ....

....kqml messages must be in kif. For capability retrieval, the content of a capability seeking message and the capability advertisement need not be identical for them to match, as the kqml specification would require. Instead a kind of unification defined by meta descriptions in the kif manual [Genesereth et al. 1992] is used to match capabilities and preferences. Additionally, a Prolog based inference engine can be used to evaluate additional conditions on the matched meta variables. 2.3.2 shade and coins Two other brokers based on the kqml protocol are the shade and coins matchmakers [Kuokka and Harada, ....

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Michael R. Genesereth, Richard E. Fikes, Daniel Bobrow, Ronald Brachman, Thomas Gruber, Patrick Hayes, Reed Letsinger, Vladimir Lifschitz, Robert MacGregor, John McCarthy, Peter Norvig, Ramesh Patil, and Len Schubert. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Report Logic-92-1, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, June 1992.

....accepted by most members of the automated reasoning and of the computer algebra community. Therfore, we think that OpenMath and OMDoc are more suitable as content languages for the communication between MathWeb agents than, for instance, the very general Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) Gea92] which has been used in many other DAI applications, or the MathML standard [IM98] which is mainly concerned with L A T E X like presentation mark up of mathematical formulas. But, however, in some applications it might be necessary to develop new content languages in the future. Since the ....

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes et al. Knowledge Interchange Format: Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

....scheme that captures both types of partonomic knowledge. 3 Representation 3. 1 Overview This section describes a representation framework for partonomic knowledge that is based on the Ontolingua knowledge representation language [Gru92] an extension of the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) [GF92]. KIF is a full featured 2nd order logic, which Ontolingua extends with frame based capabilities. While Ontolingua s richness simplifies our representation framework, our basic approach can be generalized to other representation languages. There are five components in our representation scheme: ....

Michael R. Genesereth and Richard E. Fikes. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Technical Report Logic-92-1, Stanford University Logic Group, January 1992.

....tools to ease the development and application of ontology. Therefore, it has become a standard somehow because it enables the translation of specified ontologies in different formats. The core of the Ontolingua approach it s modeling language. It is based on the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) (Genesereth and Fikes, 1992), a uniform language that represents applications of independent knowledge models in a logic based setting. Ontolingua extends KIF with primitives for object oriented modeling. The definition of ontologies is a time consuming and difficult task. Therefore the ontolingua approach provides tools ....

Genesereth, M.R. and Fikes, R.E. (1992): Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual. 92-1, Stanford University, 1992.

....express concepts and the interpretation of the new vocabulary. 1.2. Content Communication Languages While originally proposed for use in an environment that di ers from the one just outlined, namely as a content communication language between intelligent agents, the Knowledge Interchange Format [1,2] does meet al..l three basic requirements for this alternate use: its syntactic constructs are given a 2 semantics within the language; the semantics is declarative; and it was designed to support extensions (called ontologies ) Unlike KIF, Content MathML [3] was designed explicitly for the Web: ....

....scalability su er in two very di erent versions of the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) when the compositionality principle is violated. 2. KNOWLEDGE INTERCHANGE FORMAT In this section, we will analyze in more detail two versions of the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) namely KIF 3. 0 (1992) [1] and the draft proposed American National Standard KIF (1998) 2] For the former, we will nd that it contains at least two fundamental constructs that violate the compositionality principle, and we will show how scalability and correctness su er. For the latter, on the other hand, we 3 will show ....

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M.R. Genesereth, R. Fikes et al., Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, Technical Report Logic-92-1, Stanford Univ. Comp. Sci. Dept. Logic Group, Palo Alto, 1992.

....( x) IndividualObject(x) Thing(x) x) Stuff(x) IndividualObject(x) a) b) Figure 4: Part (a) is a taxonomic hierarchy of some of the categories [4] from an early version of Cyc. Part (b) shows a possible set of axioms one might use to represent this taxonomic hierarchy. KIF [5], the Knowledge Interchange Format is a particular version of first order logic, proposed as a standard for writing descriptions (ontologies) and specifically designed to make it useful as an interlingua between computer applications. Rather than using the standard mathematical notation for ....

Michael R. Genesereth and Richard E. Fikes. Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Technical report, Logic Group, Stanford University, CA., 1992.

....standard quite similar to KQML. Interlinguae are strongly connected to nested ontolinguae or content languages which are used to represent the domain dependent objects of a performative. Examples of content languages are ISO Prolog [ ISO, 1995 ] or the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) Genesereth and et al. 1992 ] On the lower level of arti cial communication, the human producing a sound is substituted by standardising the information exchange from physical (Ethernet) up to presentational issues (XML, see below) This results in a layered structure (the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference ....

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes et al. Knowledge Interchange Format: Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

....layer. It defines how the contents of the message looks like both syntactically and semantically. For the syntactic part there are some well known languages that have proven to be suitable to capture a wide range of languages and dialects, e.g. predicate logic, KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format) [5], EXPRESS, etc. In the context of this work we will use predicate logic as the interlingua. However, the existence of an interlingua is only a prerequisite for the information sharing. The reason is that though two information systems may use the same interlingua and thus do correctly interpret ....

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Logic Group Report Logic--92--1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, June 1992.

....routers, or agents, must communicate with specifically defined protocols. The shared context allows the coordination of a large system, such as the Internet, to work effectively. One way of maintaining a common context is to use existing standard meta languages, such as KQML[4] XML[17] and KIF[5]. These languages provide both a well defined meta context, a library of programming tools and the ability to interact with agents using similar standards. However, specific ontologies have to be developed for each domain by the system designers. 1.8 When Agents Make Mistakes Dealing with ....

....(KQML) 4] is an example of an agent communication language which provides a standard way for agents to interact. This language provides basics tools for exchanging information. However, in order have a meaningful dialogue the agents must have a shared context. The Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF)[5] is an example of a formal mechanism for agents to exchange knowledge in a structured format. 1.11 Designing Optimal Agent Systems The question of designing best agents for a particular task still remains unanswered. Moreover, the design of a society of agents which is ideally suited for solving ....

Genesereth, Michael R., and Richard E. Fikes, Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford (1994). 10

....standard quite similar to KQML. Interlinguae are strongly connected to nested ontolinguae or content languages which are used to represent the domain dependent objects of a performative. Examples of content languages are ISO Prolog [ ISO, 1995 ] or the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) Genesereth and et al. 1992 ] On the lower level of artificial communication, the human producing a sound is substituted by standardising the information exchange from physical (Ethernet) up to presentational issues (XML, see below) This results in a layered structure (the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference ....

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes et al. Knowledge Interchange Format: Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

....] is one of the most famous. The ontology is the central part of the CYC knowledge base. For the authors this ontology is rather universal than reusable insofar as it carves up the universe to represent enough commonsense and encyclopedic knowledge to support natural language capabilities. KIF [ Genesereth and Fikes, 1992 ] is a logic based, implementation independent language for knowledge representation. It provides for the definition of objects of a conceptualization and therefore the J. Bouaud, B. Bachimont, J. Charlet, and P. Zweigenbaum Rapport Interne RI 95 148 Presented at the IJCAI 95 Workshop on Basic ....

M. R. Genesereth and R. E. Fikes. Knowledge Interchange Format version 3.0 reference manual. Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, June 1992.

....in which users can develop and combine DIM agents built from hierarchies of primitive sets. We are also investigating the use of Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) 10] to represent the specification of the communication protocol between agents and Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) [11] to ease information conversion between different agent systems. Acknowledgements This research has been funded by an EPSRC Research Studentship and partially supported by EPSRC Research Grant number GR K73060. The authors would particularly like to thank the members of the Voyager group for ....

GENESERETH, M. R. and FIKES, R. E., Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, Technical Report Logic 92-1, Stanford University, USA, January 1992.

....facilities for managing, naming, controlling and migrating agents. This layer also provides knowledge based, goal directed reasoning. To make this layer dynamic, flexible and adaptable to the needs of the layers above, interchangeable modules allow different data formats, like PIF [17] and KIF [10], and communication protocols, like AgenTalk [16] Agent K [6] and KQML [9] to be used and converted between. It is important to note that this layer is both application and platform independent, which allows us to reuse specific solutions that have already been developed. The fourth layer, the ....

GENESERETH, M. R. and FIKES, R. E., Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, Technical Report Logic 92-1, Stanford University, USA, January 1992.

....well de ned structure to messy knowledge and facilitate the acquisition, use and maintenance of knowledge. In this new eld, initially, much attention was given to representation issues on ontologies. So the early focus of researchers on representational issues resulted in the work to develop KIF[14] and Ontolin Manuscript received Manuscript revised # School of Information,Shizuoka University # Presently, author is an engineer at Sharp Company Ltd. ## Presently, author is an engineer at Yamaha Motor Company Ltd. gua[16] Afterwards, the attention seems to shift from representation to ....

M.R. Genesereth and R. Fikes, \Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual," Technical Report, Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, 1992.

.... serves as a wrapper or envelope for a KIF message, conveying the purpose of the message, the receiver, the sender, the time it was sent, and other contextual information [18] KIF carries the actual logical content of the message, and it has the full expressive power of first order predicate logic [4]. Another content language which has been used with KQML is CycL, the knowledge representation and exchange language used by the Cyc project [10] CycL is similar to KIF in that both have the full expressiveness of first order logic. One big advantage KIF has over CORBA s trading service ....

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes. Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, 1992.

....developed for representing IDEF3 schematics. Then, in Section 3 the PSL extensions that were necessary for representing IDEF3 concepts are introduced, together with their definitions. The translation process is based on a set of compilation rules that associate with each IDEF3 concept a KIF[1] sentence expressing its semantics into PSL. These compilation rules are introduced in Section 4. The actual implementation of the translator is presented in Section 5, together with an example of its use to translate an IDEF3 schematic representation of the Camile[4] scenario into PSL. 2 The ....

Michael R. Genesereth and Richard E. Fikes. Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Technical report, Logic Group, Stanford University, CA., 1992.

....to process automatically. If you find a better way, please let us know. We are investigating very simple knowledge representation techniques, with very simple object oriented representations. But our system will be open to more sophisticated approaches to knowledge exchange, such as KIF [6]. Interaction protocols A marketplace has to support more activities than just finding the desired product or customer. There should exist well defined interaction protocols. In addition, these protocols should make sense for human human, human agent and agent agent interaction, to make possible ....

Richard E. Fikes Michael R. Genesereth. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

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M. Genesereth et al. Knowledge interchange format version 2.0 reference manual. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, july 1990.

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M. R. Genesereth and R. E. Fikes. Knowledge interchange format version 3.0 reference manual. Report Logic 92#1# Logic Group# Stanford University# California# 1992.

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Genesereth, M. R. and Fikes, R. E.: Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual. Report Logic-92-1. Stanford University. June 1992.

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M. R. Genesereth, R. E. Fikes, et al., \Knowledge interchange format: version 3.1 reference manual", Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 1992.

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Knowledge Interchange Format Version 3.0 Reference Manual, TR Logic-90-4, CS Dept. Stanford Univ.

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