J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings), pages 173--180, August 1997.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....such as rapid computing speed, easy control. Thereby, as a complicated object, muscle layer is commonly constructed based on geometry in the layered body modeling systems. Present geometrical muscle models are often too simple to simulate 3D forms of muscles, such as the model proposed by Wilhelms[11]. His model is composed of three spheroids (one for muscle body, the other two are tendons of the muscle) He updated the muscles as deformable discrete cylinders in the latter work. These coarse polygons only simulate restricted shapes of the muscles. LEMAN[21] developed by Turner uses implicit ....

Jane Wilhelms and Van Gelder, A. "Anatomically Based Modeling", Computer Graphics (ACM Siggraph Proceedings), p. 173-180, August 1997.

....and muscles, soft tissues and skin. In the work mentioned above, muscles are made of combinations of three ellipsoids (two tendons and one muscle between) More recently, this work was extended and now, in her anatomically based model, muscles are represented by deformable discretized cylinders [38]. Turner has developed the LEMAN system [35] to construct and animate 3D characters based on the elastic surface layer model. Muscles are modeled as deformable implicit surfaces (currently spheres, cylinders and superellipses) The muscle layer has been represented by deformable geometrical ....

Wilhelms, J. and Van Gelder, A. "Anatomically Based Modeling", Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1997.

....techniques were applied to anatomically based models of humans and animals. Scheepers et al. 14] have presented a model where muscles (represented by deformable ellipsoids) react automatically to changes in the posture of the articulated skeleton and influence on the surface form. Wilhelms [20] proposes a multi layered anatomically based model to simulate animals. In her model, muscles are represented by deformable discretized cylinders. 3. The skeleton Human body can be defined briefly as a conglomerate of skeleton, muscles, fat and skin. The skeleton is formed by bones (about 206 in ....

Wilhelms, J. and Van Gelder, A. "Anatomically Based Modeling", In: Computer Graphics Proceedings, p. 173180, 1997.

....is simulated by binding the degrees of freedom (scaling and possibly translation and or rotation) of each ellipsoid to the degrees of freedom of the underlying skeleton joints. Despite its simplicity and attractiveness, the ellipsoid model cannot capture most muscle shapes. In more recent work [Wilhelms97b], Whilhelms et al. use a generalised cylinder made up of a certain number of cross sections that consist in turn of a fixed number of vertices. Volume variation of the muscle during deformation is reduced by scaling each crosssection so as to preserve its area. Similarly, Scheepers and his ....

J. Wilhelms, A. Van Gelder, "Anatomically Based Modeling", Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings), pp. 173-180.

....easily observed in thick, long hair. Key Words: hair, collision detection and response, layered models, physically based animation, natural phenomena 1. INTRODUCTION Impressive advances have been achieved in modelling and animating virtual creatures within the past few years (see for instance [30, 5, 14, 13]) These techniques cover mod1 current affiliation: discreet a joint research project of CNRS INRIA UJF INPG, INRIA Rhne Alpes, ZIRST, 655 avenue de l Europe, Montbonnot, 38334 Saint Ismier Cedex, France elling the creature s body, clothes, motion, and behavior. Meanwhile, hair animation ....

J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, pages 173-- 180, August 1997.

.... of pioneering work on deformation [25, 28, 15, 1] there continue to be exciting new applications [18, 17] and improvements in simulation e#ciency [2, 6] Numerous examples of human body modeling exist in the literature with particular areas of interest being deformations of skin and muscles [27, 9], faces [12] and layered models [5] Support exists in commercial animation packages, such as Maya, for simulating tissue dynamics. There have also been significant recent developments for interactive dynamic tissue simulation, especially for force feedback applications such as surgical ....

J. Wilhelms and A.V. Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings, pages 173--180, 1997.

....earth. In general, the art of graphical human forms is advanced enough to create the sorts of models described in Snow Crash, because such detail can be designed off line and then displayed during live interactions. Body, face, skin, and muscle models have been created by many groups, including [32, 21, 4, 54, 60, 13]. 2.2. Clothing and Attachments Though it is not required, most avatars in the Metaverse don some sort of clothing. A black and white s clothing emulates what the user is wearing in reality. It appears that the clothing for a rendered avatar is created when the avatar is created and does not ....

J. Wilhelms and A. V. Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. In SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings, pages 173--180, Aug. 1997.

....user must instruct the system how to handle every new contact scenario. 2.2. Simulation of physical laws To overcome the drawbacks of kinematic methods, many techniques employ the notion of force and energy [14, 21] Wilhelms et al. simulate a sliding skin layer by relaxation of a spring mesh [39]. The relaxation scheme does not account for buckling, hence realistic folding does not occur. Accurate physical simulation, which has been studied in computational mechanics, can provide a powerful tool for automatically generating realistic deformations. They have been traditionally very ....

Wilhelms, J., and Van Gelder, A., Anatomically based modeling. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1997, pp. 173-180.

....simulated by binding the degrees of freedom (scaling and possibly translation 1 and or rotation) of each ellipsoid to the degrees of freedom of the underlying skeleton joints. Despite its simplicity and attractiveness, the ellipsoid model cannot capture most muscle shapes. In a more recent work [20], Whilhelms et al. use a generalized cylinder made up of a certain number of cross sections that consist in turn of a fixed number of vertices. Volume variation of the muscle during deformation is reduced by scaling each cross section so as to preserve its area. Similarly, Scheepers and his ....

J. Wilhelms, A. Van Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. ACM Computer Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH '97), 173-180, 1997. 7

....and add support for these two bones in the model and interface. The next major improvement for this model would then be to transform the palm and fingers into deformable surfaces and to model the underlying bones and musculature of the hand to give it a far more realistic appearance as in [Wilhe97], Gourr89] and [Schee97] ....

Wilhelms, J, Van Gelder, A: Anatomically Based Modeling, Proc. SIGGRAPH '97, 173-180

....Gooch used complementary colors to provide additional depth cues [20, 10, 11] Finally, modeling is a critical aspect of depicting the human form. In the absence of a good model, any attempt at rendering skin will fail to satisfy. There has been some research in the area of modeling human figures [23, 5]. In our work, we have not considered modeling issues, relying instead on a Digibot scan of Michelangelo s David and a female model by Louise Bell. 3 Artistic Principles in Portraiture In his book, The Technique of Portrait Painting [19] classical portrait painter Harrington Mann emphasizes ....

Jane Wilhelms and Allen Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings, 1997.

....happens in areas with an important mobility e.g. the shoulder. Thus, the crease of the armpit often looks unrealistic. More recent work aims at mimicking more closely the actual anatomy of humans or animals. Whilehms developed an interactive tool for designing and animating monkeys and cats [Wilhelms97] In her system, ellipsoids or triangular meshes represent bones and muscle. Each muscle is a generalised cylinder made up of a certain number of cross sections that consist in turn of a certain number of points. The muscles show a relative incompressibility when deformed. A voxelisation is used ....

....empty spaces left by organs and missing muscles. An implicit surface, corresponding to the corch 1 , is created from all the geometric primitives. 3. A fat layer with a viscoelastic behaviour. 4. A skin represented by a geometric mesh or spline patches. Unlike other approaches [Turner93, Wilhelms97] our skin is not an elastic surface. This permits to use very fine geometry e.g. laser scans without slowing down the simulation. As the skin is moreover anchored to the fat layer, it does move elastically. Though this is unacceptable from a biomechanical standpoint, it is justified for our ....

J. Wilhelms, A. Van Gelder, "Anatomically Based Modeling", Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings), pp. 173-180.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings), pages 173--180, August 1997.

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WILHELMS, J., AND VAN GELDER, A. 1997. Anatomically Based Modeling. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings, Addison Wesley, vol. 31 of Annual Conference Series, ACM SIGGRAPH, 173--180.

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J. Wilhelms and A. V. Gelder. "Anatomically based modeling", in Computer Graphics, pages 173-180, Los Angeles, Ca., August 1997, ACM Siggraph Conference Proceedings.

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Jane Wilhelms and Allen Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 97, pages 173--180, August 1997. ISBN 0-89791896 -7. Held in Los Angeles, California.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings), pages 173--180, August 1997.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. Comput. Graph. (SIGGRAPH Proc.), pages 173--180, 1997. The Eurographics Association 2003.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. Computer Graphics, 173--180, 1997.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. In Turner Whitted, editor, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Conf. Proc.), pages 173--180. ACM SIGGRAPH, August 1997.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Conf. Proc.), pages 173--180, August 1997.

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically Based Modeling. In Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Conf. Proc.), pages 173--180, August 1997.

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WILHELMS J., GELDER A. V.: Anatomically based modeling. Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997 (1997), 173--180. 2

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J. Wilhelms and A. Van Gelder. Anatomically based modeling. Comput. Graph. (SIGGRAPH Proc.), pages 173--180, 1997.

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Wilhelms, J. and Van Gelder, A.: Anatomically Based Modeling, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '97 Proceedings) , pp. 173-180, 1997.

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