ITU. Recommendation X.509, The Directory: Authentication Framework (also ISO/IEC 9594-8, 1995). International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T), June 1997.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....databases. The performance, reliability, and availability requirements of data access operations are demanding. Thousands of retrievals must be executed in a second and the allowed down time is only a few seconds per year. A telecommunication database system must offer realtime access to data [12, 13]. This is due to the fact that most read requests are for logic programs that have exact time limits. If the database cannot give a response within a specific time limit, it is better not to waste resources and hence abort the request. As a result of this, the request management policy should ....

ITU. Draft Q.1224 Recommendation IN CS-2 DFP Architecture. ITU, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1996.

....an approximate, but faster, solution [9, 163, 176] The output of this centralized optimization problem is then distributed to the circuit switches. In other cases, researchers have treated the problem as an incremental problem in which each circuit request is routed individually as it arrives [169, 8, 13]. The circuit routing can be done at the source or hopby hop. Chapter 6 describes some of these signaling and routing protocols that have been proposed. This chapter focuses on the first question, how to estimate the traffic matrix between boundary routers and then use the estimate to provision ....

ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector. Link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals. International Telecommunication Union, Recommendation G.7042/Y.1305 edition, February 2003.

....or features often interfere with each other in unexpected and undesirable ways the so called feature interaction problem [3] IP Telephony or VoIP (Voice over IP) is a hot topic that has attracted significant commercial and research interest. The main standards deployed in this area are H. 323 [6] and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol [9] Although H.323 is more widely deployed and more mature, SIP is more flexible and better oriented towards providing new services. For example it is being used for presence and instant messaging services, and has been adopted for use in 3G mobile ....

ITU. Packet-Based Multimedia Communication Systems. ITU-T H.323. International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.

....features. However the CRESS tools also support more direct implementation through SIP CPL, SIP CGI and VoiceXML. Industry seems to prefer graphical notations. Several graphical representations have been used to describe communications services. SDL (Specification and Description Language [9]) is the main formal language used in communications. Although it has a graphical form, SDL is a general purpose language that was not designed particularly to represent services. As a result, SDL service descriptions are not especially convenient or accessible to nonspecialists. MSCs (Message ....

ITU. Specification and Description Language. ITU-T Z.100. International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.

....language used in communications. Although it has a graphical form, SDL is a general purpose language that was not designed particularly to represent services. As a result, SDL service descriptions are not especially convenient or accessible to nonspecialists. MSCs (Message Sequence Charts [8]) are higher level and more straightforward in their representation of services. However neither SDL nor MSCs can readily describe the notion of features and feature composition. Several notations have been specially devised for communications services. Among these, UCMs (Use Case Maps [2, 3] ....

ITU. Message Sequence Chart (MSC). ITU-T Z.120. International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.

....window for flow control. One might ask, why just LAPB An early descendant of the ISO HDLC protocol, it could be considered obsolete today. However, it is simple enough and implements all classic functions of OSI data link layer. It is also succeeded by several important protocols. e.g. LAPD [6] is very similar to LAPB, with more complex addressing scheme and slightly different, but less efficient timeout recovery mechanism [7] LAPDm [8] is specialised for use over the radio channel of GSM networks. From the didactic point of view, it is therefore reasonable to explain LAPB first and ....

ITU, ITU-T Recommendation Q.921, International Telecommunication Union, 1993

....view in an appropriate sequence. As it is difficult to understand the station procedures while ignoring the process as a whole, the communication process must be explained first and only then the station procedures in somewhat more detail. THE LAPB PROTOCOL LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced) [5] is a classic ITU T standardised data link layer protocol. It is connection oriented and based on Go Back N ARQ method for error correction and sliding window for flow control. One might ask, why just LAPB An early descendant of the ISO HDLC protocol, it could be considered obsolete today. ....

....P (poll) F (final) or space (none of the above) The N(S) parameter is given only for information frames. No details of actual frame construction in terms of fields and bits are given. Program Limitations The information transfer phase of LAPB is implemented following the ITU T recommendation [5], except for the following simplifications. The explicit data flow control by means of RNR frames is not considered. Frames are numbered modulo 8 only, although the recommendation also allows for modulo 128 sequencing. Where the recommendation admits several alternative actions to be taken by a ....

ITU, ITU-T Recommendation X.25, International Telecommunication Union, 1993

....the idea of expressing component (and system) variability in terms of groups of interchangeable modules. Numerous techniques have been proposed for architectural descriptions. Examples include specification languages which support a box and line type block diagram notation, such as ROOM [52] SDL [51,35], and ModeChart [36] architectural description languages such as Aesop [26] Wright [6] UniCon [53] Rapide [43] and ACME [27] and other formal notations such as those used in [49] 31] and [18] All of these techniques refer to the notions of component, connector, and configuration to ....

ITU. CCITT Specification and Description Language, Recommendation Z.100. International Telecommunications Union, 1993.

....we mean one in which one party submits a request, possibly supported by one or more credentials, that must comply with another party s policy if it is to be granted. Scenarios that require authorization decisions include content advising [25] mobile code execution [11] public key infrastructure [6, 29, 18, 9, 26], and privacy protection [22, 20] Electronic commerce is one class of services in which authorization decisions play a prominent role. Merchants 1 and customers both have valuable resources at risk and must have appropriate policies in place before authorizing access to these resources. An ....

....Alice says partly trusted(Joe) Alice says partly trusted(Peg) Alice delegates is key( Key, User)1 to threshold(1,fully trusted 1) Alice delegates is key( Key, User)1 to threshold(2,partly trusted 1) Of course, one can also use weighted dynamic threshold structures. In X. 509 [6], certification authorities (CAs) certificates are chained together to establish a key binding. For such delegation chains to be really meaningful, the certificates on such chains must also imply delegations. Since there is no limit on the length of delegation chains, all such delegations have ....

ITU-T Rec. X.509 (revised), The Directory - Authentication Framework, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

....Q. wrp##Uv#yr)#Fitness for purpose of Videotelephony in Face to Face Situations 9ryvo oor. hiyr#U fr)#Q###Qiyvp 8 8#9ryvo oor. hiyr#Iir. #A314 Tel MuM DS P 004 b1 8 #. hp#hy#9h#r# s#9ryvo oor. ## ##ur#8 8)#30#April 1999 6p#hy#9h#r# s#9ryvo oor. ## ##ur#8 8)#30 June 1999 Uv#yr# s#9ryvo oor. hiyr)#Specifications of Fitness for Purpose ....

....of the results, the project aims to express the experimental results as guidelines to be used by a target audience of codec manufacturers, system integrators, service providers and standardisation bodies. The guidelines may also to a lesser extent be used by end users in actual usage situations. The process by which the experimental results (reported in Deliverable 3) were transformed into guidelines is illustrated in Figure 1. Review of guideline application problems Review of target audiences Review of candidate guideline formats Specification of Vis vis guideline format ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

ITU (1999). International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Home Page.

....possibly supported by one or more credentials, that must comply with another party s policies if it is to be granted. Scenarios that require authorization decisions include electronic commerce, health care [2, 7] content advising [28] mobile code execution [12] public key infrastructure [9, 30, 19, 11, 27], and privacy protection [24, 23] Authorization in Internet services is significantly different from authorization in centralized systems or even in distributed systems that are closed or relatively small. In these older settings, authorization of a request is divided into authentication ( who ....

ITU-T Rec. X.509 (revised), The Directory - Authentication Framework, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

....is what information is bound to public keys Earlier PKI proposals are designed for authentication and bind a globally unique identity to each public key. In this section, we give an overview of several existing identity based PKI s. X.509 The Directory Authentication Framework, known as X. 509 [39], defines a format for digital certificates. In a certificate, a public key is bound to the distinguished name (DN) of the key holder. For a large community of users, multiple CA s are needed. These 9 CA s sign certificates for each other. When two users certified by different CA s want to ....

....expressions is specified in [12] 2.5.3 SPKI SDSI SPKI (Simple Public Key Infrastructure) and SDSI (Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure) were started independently. Both of them were motivated by the inadequacy of public key infrastructures based on global name hierarchies, such as X. 509 [39] and Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) 43] Later, SPKI and SDSI merged into a collaborative effort, SPKI SDSI 2.0, about which the most up to date documents are [23, 25, 26] The SPKI SDSI approach shares many views with the trust management approach. For example, it aims at developing a standard ....

ITU-T Rec. X.509 (revised), The Directory - Authentication Framework, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

....object oriented, fault tolerant, and distributed database management system. The RODAIN architecture is designed to fulfill the requirements derived from the most important telecommunications standards including Intelligent Network (IN) GRKK93] Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) ITU92c] and Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture (TINA) AKS93] The most challenging issue in designing a real time transaction processing system for telecommunications is the handling of transactions having very different characteristics. A telecommunication database system should ....

ITU. Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network. Recommendation M.3010. ITU, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992.

....necessity in telecommunications. A telecommunications database has different types of users all of which have a different view to the data. In telecommunications, the data views differ not only in data but also in metadata. Thus some users might want to see data in database as an X. 500 Directory [ITU92a] while others want to see it as as X.700 Management Information Tree [ITU92b] It is possible that not all metadata transformations are possible in the object data model. Finally, a telecommunications database should be compatible with other object standards, especially with standards that deal ....

ITU. Information Technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- The Directory: Abstract Service Definition. Recommendation X.511. ITU, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. 54

....names can be interpreted as distributed roles. 1 Introduction Rivest and Lampson introduced linked local names in the Simple Distributed Security Infrastructure (SDSI) 17] They were motivated by the inadequacy of public key infrastructures based on global name hierarchies, such as X. 509 [11] and Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) 12] After version 1.1, the SDSI effort merged with the Simple Public Key Infrastructure (SPKI) effort. The result is SPKI SDSI 2.0, about which the most up to date documents are [7, 9, 10] # This paper appears in Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Computer Security ....

ITU-T Rec. X.509 (revised), The Directory - Authentication Framework, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

....may be done through several VP links, which is called VC switching. Aku Pysti Blocking in Third Generation Radio Access Networks 5 Transmission path VP link VP connection VC link VC connection Physical link VP VC VP VC Physical link Figure 2. 2: Relationship between VCs, VPs and transmission [ITU I.311] Figure 2.3 illustrates the difference between VC and VP switching. In VP switching cell forwarding and VC connection set up are fast, because only first two octets of the cell have to be checked and changed. In VC switching both the VPI and VCI are checked and changed according to where the ....

....In VP switching cell forwarding and VC connection set up are fast, because only first two octets of the cell have to be checked and changed. In VC switching both the VPI and VCI are checked and changed according to where the cells are flowing to. Figure 2. 3: Representation of VC and VP switching [ITU I.311] 2.3 Description of the connection characteristics Every connection may have its own characteristics. But the switch has to be told about them. When opening a new connection, the user tells the switch what are the characteristics of the data flow it wants to create. If the network accepts the ....

ITU-T Recommendation I.311. B-ISDN general network aspects. International Telecommunication Union. 1993. ( www.itu.int )

....possibly supported by one or more credentials, that must comply with another party s policies if it is to be granted. Scenarios that require authorization decisions include electronic commerce, health care [2, 7] content advising [28] mobile code execution [12] public key infrastructure [9, 30, 19, 11, 27], and privacy protection [24, 23] Authorization in Internet services is significantly different from authorization in centralized systems or even in distributed systems that are closed or relatively small. In these older settings, authorization of a request is divided into authentication ( who ....

ITU-T Rec. X.509 (revised), The Directory - Authentication Framework, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

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ITU, Telemedicine and developing countries, Document 2/116, International Telecommunications Union, 2000.

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ITU. Recommendation X.509, The Directory: Authentication Framework (also ISO/IEC 9594-8, 1995). International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T), June 1997.

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ITU Rec. G.114. One-Way Transmission Time. International Telecommunications Union, February 1996.

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ITU. Recommendation z.120: Message sequence chart (MSC). Technical Report Z.120, International Telecommunication Union, 1993.

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ITU, Mozambique unveils leading edge telemedicine facility. International Telecommunication Union. http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press/releases/1998.

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ITU. Recommendation Z.100 -- specification and description language (sdl). ITU-T Z.100, International Telecommunication Union, 1994.

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ITU (CCITT). Recommendation z.120: Msc. Technical report, International Telecommunication Union, 1992

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ITU G.114; One-way transmission time, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland 02/1996

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