Jeff Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1):24--29, January 1995.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....the durability of a magnetic tape at 10 to 20 years. Yet, archives holding important, perhaps at some point in time unique data, have to warrant data in good condition. For this reason, 19 digital magnetic tape should be copied up to once a year to guarantee that none of the information is lost [Rot95]. Di ering numbers are also presented for optical disks. Adding to it is a far broader variety of types. The diversity in technology concerns the material the medium is made of and how the information is written with the main categories being read only, write and rewrite. For instance, the ....

Je Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientic American, pages 42-47, January 1995.

....a site has too many intercluster partners, reliability can suffer. 4. RELATED WORK The problems inherent in archiving data are well known in the digital library community [11] Researchers have confronted issues such as maintaining collection metadata [23, 17] dealing with format obsolescence [25, 19, 14], or enforcing security policies [22] These efforts complement attempts to simply preserve the bits as exemplified by projects like SAV [4] Intermemory [12] LOCKSS [24] or OceanStore [10] The work we present here can be used to replicate collections in order to best preserve the bits, and ....

Jeff Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1):24--29, January 1995.

....maintaining the necessary infrastructure and the physical conditions for keeping the digital objects in good shape. Apart from acquiring these objects, access to them needs to be preserved. As Je# Rothenberg puts it, digital information lasts forever or five years, whichever comes first [Rot95]. Unless appropriate measures are taken, and unless technical solutions are developed, our archives themselves might end up being no more than vast, unreadable amounts of data. Last, but not least, access to these collections, putting the data to use, requires both legal as well as technical ....

J. Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, pages 42--47, January 1995.

....and sizes of collections are not known in advance. Digital library researchers have examined the archiving problem frommany different angles [Garrett and Waters, 1996] Some projects have focused on maintaining collection metadata [Rajasekar et al. 2000] or on dealing with the data formats [Rothenberg, 1995, Maria et al. 1998, Heminger and Robertson, 1998] Others have focused on policy issues surrounding information archiving [Beagrie, 1998] Each of these issues are important, and complement the basic bit level reliability we seek to provide here. 1.2 Overview In this paper we describe how data ....

ROTHENBERG, J., Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American 272, 1, (1995), 24--29.

....maintaining the necessary infrastructure and the physical conditions for keeping the digital objects in good shape. Apart from acquiring these objects, access to them needs to be preserved. As Je Rothenberg puts it, digital information lasts forever or ve years, whichever comes rst [Rot95]. Unless appropriate measures are taken, and unless technical solutions are developed, our archives themselves might end up being no more than vast, unreadable amounts of data. Last, but not least, access to these collections, putting the data to use, requires both legal as well as technical ....

J. Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientic American, pages 42-47, January 1995.

....our civilization. Electronic media improves transmission of and access to information, but the important issue of its preservation has yet to be e ectively addressed. The importance of this issue is now apparent as the general objective of preservation has received considerable recent attention [6, 11, 2, 9, 7, 14, 10, 13]. In addition, other projects such as [3] appear to be at a formative stage. The notion of Archival Intermemory was introduced in [8] The authors are listed in alphabetical order. At the time this prototype was designed all authors were with NEC Research Institute, 4 Independence Way, ....

J. Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientic American, pages 42-47, January 1995.

....is also aliated with Georgia Institute of Technology, the third is now with Intertrust Corporation, the fourth is also with New York University, and the fth with the University of Washington. Direct correspondence to the sixth author at pny research.nj.nec.com. considerable recent attention [5, 2, 7, 9, 10]. In addition, other projects such as [3] appear to be at a formative stage. The notion of Archival Intermemory was introduced in [6] The Intermemory project aims to develop largescale highly survivable and available storage systems made up of widely distributed processors that are individually ....

Rothenberg, J. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientic American (January 1995), 42-47.

....technologies continue to advance. Thus, over time, as hardware and software systems continue to evolve, it will still be necessary to either migrate digital documents to an updated standardized format or to provide some other method to maintain continual access to these documents. Rothenberg [27] suggested a means of maintaining long term access to the information contained within digital documents by extending the life of the original computer hardware and software systems on which the digital documents were created. These life cycle extensions involve the operation and maintenance of ....

....These problems make it unrealistic to expect that any organization could effectively and efficiently maintain multiple, aging information technologies in order to maintain access to superseded digital documents. To overcome the problems associated with maintaining aging hardware, Rothenberg [27] suggested the creation and use of system emulators that can imitate the behavior of antiquated hardware systems. This method would allow the operation of superseded software on advanced systems as a way to view digital documents in their native formats. However, in order to emulate an antiquated ....

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Rothenberg, Jeff, "Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents", Scientific American, 42-47 (Jan 95)

....of solutions. Jeff Rothenberg, for example, has recently suggested that there may be sufficient demand for entrepreneurs to create and archive emulators of software and operating systems that would allow the contents of digital information to be carried forward and used in its original format (Rothenberg 1995; see also Creque 1995) Refreshing digital information by copying it from medium to medium and the possibility of maintaining a complex set of emulators describe two distinct points on a continuum of approaches to preserving digital information. However, neither refreshing nor emulation ....

....or multimedia products. Such centers might maintain older versions of hardware and software to support migration. They might provide a platform for reading and viewing digital information with the same look and feel as the original version by developing software emulators as suggested by Rothenberg (1995). Processing centers would take advantage of economies of scale and maximize the use of uncommon technical expertise. Migration preservation services centers might resemble commercial firms that reformat old home movies and obsolete video formats or consortia of libraries and archives with ....

Rothenberg, Jeff (1995) "Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents." Scientific American, 272 (January): 42-47.

....to preserve the data itself, not the physical medium on which it happens to reside. There are several potential technical approaches to this problem. Jeff Rothenberg has suggested, for example, the building of software emulators that would mimic the behaviour of obsolete hardware and software [14]. This would involve encapsulating data together with the application software used to create it and a description of the required hardware environment. To facilitate future use, Rothenberg suggests attaching annotation metadata to the surface of each encapsulation which would both explain how ....

Rothenberg, J., Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272 (1), 1995, 24-29.

....of how to ensure the longevity of digital documents. Computer media rapidly become obsolete, and the survival of many important public records has come under threat when the media on which they were recorded could no longer be read, or the software needed to interpret them could no longer be run [Rot95]. For all these reasons, we believe that there is a need for a file store with a very high degree of persistence in the face of all kinds of errors, accidents and denial of service attacks. 3 Previous Work Many papers purport to show that the average firm could not survive long for without its ....

J Rothenberg, "Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents", in Scientific American (January 1995) pp 24--29

....for unbounded storage rights. 3. Specific designs for distributed redundant data storage. 4. A specific approach to the addressing problem. The growing interest in digital libraries was recently surveyed [17] and a general discussion of the problem of preserving digital documents is contained in [16]. We observe that libraries serve two distinct roles: maintenance of a historical record, and selection of appropriate materials. Web indexing approaches dispense with the second role and allow a user to view all the world has to offer. They fail, however, to deal with the first. Creating a record ....

J. Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, pages 42--47, January 1995.

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Jeff Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1):24--29, January 1995.

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Rothenberg, J. (1995). Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1), 42-47.

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Jeff Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1):24--29, January 1995.

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Jeff Rothenberg: "Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents". Scientific American, 272(1), January 1995.

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Jeff Rothenberg, Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents, ########## ########, vol. 272 number 1, p 42-47,1995

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J. Rothenberg. Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1):24--29, Jan. 1995.

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Rothenberg, Jeff. 1995. "Ensuring the Longevity of Digital Documents.", Scientific American 272(1): 24-29

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Rothenberg, J. (1995) Ensuring the longevity of digital documents. Scientific American, 272(1) pp. 24-29

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