| J. J. K. O. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 303--317, May 1998. |
....it is often advantageous to represent the watermark as a one dimensional (1 D) projection of the image space. If properly designed, this has the benefit of reducing a two dimensional (2 D) search to one dimension, thereby significantly reducing the computational cost. O Ruanaidh and Pun [21] first suggested a watermarking method based on the Fourier Mellin transform. However, they note very severe implementation difficulties which we suspect have hampered further work in this area. They choose to use a transformation that is strongly invariant claiming that it is more convenient to ....
....local regions of an image onto a set of random lines. However, currently, these methods are not robust to geometric distortions, but rather, allow for a rapid, but exhaustive search through the possible set of geometric distortions. In Section II we describe our algorithm. It differs from that of [21] in two important ways. First, we choose to watermark a projection of the transform space. Second, the watermark embedding is based on the principle of communication with side information [22] This is described in more detail in Section III, including the iterative procedure for dealing with the ....
J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, 1998.
....domain of application of watermarking. In spatial domain methods (e.g. 6] the pixel values in the image channel(s) are changed. In spectral transform domain methods, watermark signal is added to the host image in a transform domain such as the full frame DCT domain [1] Fourier Mellin domain [11], etc. There have been only a few published papers on watermarking of fingerprint images. Ratha et al. 10] proposed a data hiding method, which is applicable to fingerprint images compressed with WSQ wavelet based scheme. The discrete wavelet transform coefficients are changed during WSQ ....
J.J.K. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, May 1998, pp. 303-317.
....subsets, and use of redundancy and search. For watermark detection, our schemes do not require the original image or any information about it. 1. INTRODUCTION During the past several years, a variety of image watermarking schemes have been introduced in literature and applied in practice [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Such schemes hide a small amount of data, typically one to 1K bits, in images for purposes such as copyright protection and image identification. Unfortunately, virtually all published watermarking schemes fail to withstand attacks aimed at rendering embedded data unreadable, and most watermarks ....
J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, May 1998.
....(c27) rippled; c28) sheared; c29) smart blurred; c30) thresholded; c31) twirled. watermarked image can be used. For those oblivious watermarking methods robust to geometric attacks without referring to any prior information in recovering geometric effects, readers should refer [20] 26] [32]. In what follows, we shall introduce some attacks of this sort. StirMark [28] is a very strong type of attack that defeats many existing watermarking techniques. Analysis of StirMark [28] has shown that it introduces unnoticeable quality loss in an image with some simple geometrical distortions. ....
J. J. K. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale, and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Process., vol. 66, pp. 303--318, 1998.
.... may be registered against the original image to provide proper synchronization [4] For oblivious watermarking schemes, where the original image is not available at the detector, proposed methods include use of the Fourier Melin transform space that provides rotation, translation, scale invariance [5], and watermarking using geometric invariants of the image such as moments [6] or cross ratios [7] Hartung et al. [8] have also proposed a scheme that divides the image into small blocks and performs correlation for rotations and translations using small increments, in an attempt to detect the ....
J.J.K.O Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", Signal Processing 66, pp. 303-317, May 1998.
....attention is being paid nowadays in providing robustness against geometric attacks. Rotation, translation and scaling (RTS) are common operations applied to digital images and available in any image edition software. However, RTS operations can represent a serious threat to DIW. Several methods [5][6] 7] have been already proposed to achieve RTS robustness. Usually these methods introduce tradeoffs like computational complexity, loss of image quality or reliability only around small rotation angles. This paper addresses the problem of providing watermark robustness against geometric ....
....in order to guarantee the watermark invisibility. Finally, an inverse Fourier transformation (IDFT) is applied to ) o oo H # , resulting in the watermarked image ) D # . In order to guarantee a real image as the result of the inverse Fourier transform, a symmetry condition [5] during the watermark insertion must hold, that is ( o oo I I X o oo X p p = 6) Since the watermark is inserted in the magnitude of the (DFT) shifting the watermarked image in the spatial domain will not change the position of the watermark in frequency domain. Now, if the ....
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O. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", Signal Processing, vol. 66, no.3, pp. 303-318, May 1998.
....Audio Layer III bitstreams [51] during the compression process. However, most schemes operate directly on the components of some transform of the cover object like discrete cosine transform [16] 17] 18] 76] 77] 78] wavelet transforms [17] 79] and the discrete Fourier transform [47] [80]. A novel transform coding technique is echo hiding [81] which relies on the fact that we cannot perceive short echoes (of the order of a millisecond) It embeds data into a cover audio signal by introducing two types of short echo with di#erent delays to encode zeros and ones. These bits 1067 ....
....[101] 102] 103] 104] show that the robustness criteria used so far are often inadequate. JPEG compression, additive Gaussian noise, low pass filtering, rescaling, and cropping have been addressed in most of the literature but specific distortions such as rotation have often been ignored [80], 105] In some cases the watermark is simply said to be robust against common signal processing algorithms and geometric distortions when used on some standard images . This motivated the introduction of a fair benchmark for digital image watermarking in [107] Similarly, various ....
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J. J. K. O Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking." Signal Processing , vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998, ISSN 0165-1684, European Association for Signal Processing (EURASIP).
....(or transparent) watermarks have wider applications [205] without raising suspicious that the particular image has been watermarked. The invisible watermarking techniques are divided into three main groups: those specialized in the spatial domain [200, 207] those specified in frequency domain [208, 212], and those that combine the previous ones, named hybrid [203] The first methods embed the digital watermark directly on the luminance, the second ones operate in a transformed domain, such as DCT, DFT (magnitude phase) wavelets etc. and the later are trying to exploit the benefits from the ....
J. O Ruanaidh, T. Pun, "Rotation, Scale and Translation Invariant Spread Spectrum Digital Image Watermarking", Signal Processing, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 303-317, 1998.
....attacks [1] 2] 3] 4] 5] show that the robustness criteria used so far are often inadequate. JPEG compression, additive Gaussian noise, low pass filtering, rescaling, and cropping have been addressed in most of the literature but specific distortions such as rotation have often been ignored [6], 7] In some cases the watermark is simply said to be robust against common signal processing algorithms and geometric distortions when used on some standard images . We formed the view that useful progress might come from trying to attack all these first generation schemes and from ....
J. J. K. O Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking." Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998, ISSN 0165-1684, European Association for Signal Processing (EURASIP).
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J. Oruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking, " Signal Processing 66(3), pp. 303--317, 1998.
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J. J. K. O. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. O. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking,"Signal Proc., 66:303-317,1998.
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J. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. K. . Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing vol. 66, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. J. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Process., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, Scale and Translation Invariant Spread Spectrum Digital Image Watermarking, " Sig. Proc., Vol. 66, pp. 303---317, 1998.
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J.J.K. O Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", in Signal Processing, 66(3), pp. 303-317, May 1998.
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J. J. K. O. Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing, vol. 66, pp. 303--318, May 1998.
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J. K. . Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing vol. 66, pp. 303--317, May 1998.
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Joe J. K. Ruanaidh and Thierry Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", Signal Processing, 66, 3, , May 1998. (Special Issue on Copyright Protection and Control, B. Macq and I. Pitas, eds.)
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J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking", Signal Processing, Vol.66, No.3, pp.303-317, 1998.
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J.J.K. O'Ruanaidh and T.Pun, "Rotation, Scale and Translation Invariant Spread Spectrum Digital Image Watermarking", Signal Processing, Vol.66, No.3, May 1998, pp.303-317.
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J. J. K. O'Ruanaidh and T. Pun, "Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking," Signal Processing 66, pp. 303 - 317, May 1998.
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