ISO. Standard for the programming language Prolog. Standard Number ISO/IEC 132111: 1995, International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), 1995.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... and concept is necessary in order to understand term variation and ambiguity, both of which are crucial to the theoretical study of terminology and its practical applications [20] Ideally, terms should be monoreferential, i.e. there should be a one to one correspondence between term and concept [17]. In practice, however, this is not the case, and terms may exhibit both polysemy and synonymy. It is now generally acknowledged that monoreferentiality of terms is no longer practical or even necessarily 3 desirable [32, 4] The problem of term ambiguity is therefore strongly correlated with the ....

ISO-704. International organisation for standardisation (ISO) - principles and methods of terminology, 1987.

....has been implemented on the following physical layers: single wire bus. This is the preferred implementation with a transmission speed of 10 kbauds as standardized in [ISO89] twisted pair. Applications requiring a shorter response time can use a twisted wire with CAN transceiver chips [ISO93]. fiberoptics. TTP A has also been implemented on a fiber optics bus [Pac95] further physical layers. A single wire that carries both power and signal against ground and wireless connections are still under consideration. 4 Time in TTP A It is a principle of the time triggered ....

ISO. International Standard ISO 11898. International Organisation for Standardisation, CH-1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland, November 1993.

....it does not have access to a model of the internal sensor operation. 3.4 Physical Layers Up to now, the TTP A protocol has been implemented on the following physical layers: single wire bus. This is the preferred implementation with a transmission speed of 10 kbauds as standardized in [ISO89]. twisted pair. Applications requiring a shorter response time can use a twisted wire with CAN transceiver chips [ISO93] fiberoptics. TTP A has also been implemented on a fiber optics bus [Pac95] further physical layers. A single wire that carries both power and signal against ground ....

ISO. International Standard ISO 9141. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneve, Switzerland, 1989.

....function. class c 105 virtual f( 0; If a class has any pure virtual methods then it cannot be instantiated into an object. Only sub classes for which a de nition has been provided for each pure virtual method can be instantiated. An alternative approach is taken in Ada 95 [38], where the programmer declares the type of an object to be class wide , using the Class annotation, if dynamic dispatch is to be used for that object. This associates dynamic dispatch with particular references to objects rather than with particular methods or classes. In the following example ....

ISO. Ada reference manual. Technical Report ISO/IEC 8652:1995(E), International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.

....Section 3 of the document EDT General Information for more information. A third extension, make it possible to use within an Estelle text the directives #include file , #define, in the same way as in the C language. 2. 3 Deviancies The following scoping rule of the Pascal standard ([10]) is not implemented: Within the scope of a defining point of an identifier or label, there are no applied occurrences of an identifier or label that cannot be distinguished from it and have a defining point for a region enclosing that scope . 4 The restriction applies only to Estelle C code ....

ISO/TC97/SC6/WG4 7185, Programming Language - Pascal, International Organisation for Standardisation, 1983.

....onto the system and the popping of messages o the system (in a realistic manner) 3. 4 Client Server View and eventuality requirements The type of LOTOS design seen above is quite close to the type of client server model that is found in many reference models for software development, see [25, 24], for example. We can say that the environment of a TwoQs process is its client. Now let us consider a liveness property which we would reasonably require such a system to ful l. The nondeterministic move operation cannot be guaranteed to be carried out when we specify only safety properties. We ....

ISO/IEC. Working document on topic 6.2 - formalisms and specications. information retrieval, transfer and management for osi. ISO/IEC-JTC1/SC21/WG7, International Organisation for Standardisation, 1989. 17

....According to ISO 9241 part 11 [2] these are named effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. These criteria determine the general evaluation frameworks for the investigation of man machine systems. In addition, further specification demands are considered, as specified, e.g. in ISO 9241 part 10 [3]. With consideration of the above mentioned criteria an environment is developed, which enables the developer to evaluate a technical system promptly regarding to ergonomic requirements. Figure 2 shows the dependencies of the development environment. On the basis of a functionality already ....

ISO 9241-10: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals - Part 10: Dialogue principles. International Organisation for Standardisation, Genf, 1996.

....more convenient to build a normative user model as part of the device specification, and having a tool to evaluate the prototype. 4 System Architecture For the evaluation of man machine interfaces regarding the adequacy three criteria are considered as essential. According to ISO 9241 part 11 [2] these are named effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. These criteria determine the general evaluation frameworks for the investigation of man machine systems. In addition, further specification demands are considered, as specified, e.g. in ISO 9241 part 10 [3] With consideration of the ....

ISO 9241-11: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals - Guidance on usability. International Organisation for Standardisation, Genf, 1997.

....The requirements are reflected to shorten the development process, to overlap the individual phases and enable continuous modifications. This led from the linear to the iterative model of software development, in which in early phases creating of prototypes is possible already. ISO 13407 [1] describes such an user and task oriented development cycle (Fig. 1) System Analysis product idea feasibility market chances Functional Analysis product specification application environment Task Analysis usability requirements scenarios Quality Inspection ....

ISO 13407 - Draft: User centred design process for interactive systems. International Organisation for Standardisation, Genf, 1998.

....code (like C, C or Java) can be used as a CGI application. Prolog, being a high level symbolic language, is an excellent tool for programming WWW applications [1, 2, 11] but some implementations do not allow the creation of executable code. Furthermore, in the standard Prolog definition [9] there is no way to refer directly to environment variables. That is why, if we want to use Prolog as a programming language for WWW applications, we have to provide an executable program (i.e. a binary or script file) that can invoke the Prolog interpreter, load a given program and run it. For ....

ISO. ISO Prolog Standard. Technical Report ISO/IEC DIS 13211-1:1995(E), International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.

....meanings. We have used the framework defined in [39, 40] and represented the meaning of system predicates in terms of edges and nodes in the graph. This framework can be customised to any language. For the sake of brevity, in this paper we have employed only a subset of Prolog system predicates [9, 21, 35] consisting of = 2, is 2, 2 and 2. 9 5.1 Detecting Potential Changes via Modes In order to build the term dependence graph we need to know which computations may have taken place in each literal. This can be inferred via the mode annotations of each variable in the literal and how they ....

....of the original subgoal) We now turn our attention to system predicate is 2, employed to perform arithmetics. This predicate works by evaluating the contents (an arithmetic expression) of the variable on its right hand side and unifying the result with the variable on its left hand side [9, 35, 21]. The following formula addresses is 2 subgoals: TGraph G ( hc; l; x is yi 0 ; fx ( yg) changes(x; 0 ) 5) That is, data has flowed from y to x. Contrary to = 2, the reverse situation need not be represented: predicate is 2 does not allow values to be passed on to its right hand ....

ISO. ISO Prolog Standard. Technical Report ISO/IEC DIS 13211-1:1995(E), International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.

....The work in this thesis has a foot in both these areas, which share common ground. We develop an object oriented semantics (based upon a constructive, easy to understand, state transition system model) The abstract data type (ADT) part of LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specifications) see [15, 112, 113, 68, 117], is used to implement the requirements models which are defined using this semantics. Then, full LOTOS (LOTOS with the ADT and process algebra parts) is used to model the requirements in a more concrete framework. In the thesis, LOTOS specifications are constructed using object oriented ....

ISO. LOTOS --- a formal description technique based on the temporal ordering of observed behaviour. Technical report, International Organisation for Standardisation IS 8807, 1988.

....Elements The PROFES improvement methodology combines, enhances and integrates software process assessment, software measurements, product and process dependency relationships, and experience factory. Software process assessment is based on the ISO 15504 for software process assessment 1 [3]. Software measurements are goal oriented and based on the goal question metrics (GQM) approach [2] The ISO 9126 [7] is used as the background reference for the product quality characteristics when defining the product process relationships. The integration of the methods is aligned with the ....

ISO/IEC TR 15504-2: Information Technology -- Software Process Assessment -- Part 2: A Reference Model for Processes and Process Capability". Technical Report type 2, International Organisation for Standardisation (Ed.), Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.

....(we discuss the different styles and techniques which this language supports and motivate the adoption of an object oriented approach) although the same principles should be applicable in a wide range of languages. 2 Introducing LOTOS LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specifications) see [11, 48, 28], is a wide spectrum language, which is suitable for specifying systems at various levels of abstraction. Consequently, it can be used at both ends of the software development spectrum. Its natural division into ADT part (based on ACT ONE [21] and process algebra part (similar to CSP [27] and CCS ....

ISO. LOTOS --- a formal description technique based on the temporal ordering of observed behaviour. Technical report, International Organisation for Standardisation IS 8807, 1988. 50

....LOTOS design, chosen for its simplicity, specifies that a remote procedure call protocol is used for inter object communication. 2.1. 3 Client Server View The LOTOS design is quite close to the type of client server model that is found in many reference models for software development, see [17, 16], for example. We can say that the environment of a TwoQs process is its client. Now let us consider a liveness property which we would reasonably require such a system to fulfil. The nondeterministic move operation cannot be guaranteed to be carried out when we specify only safety properties. We ....

ISO/IEC. Working document on topic 6.2 - formalisms and specifications. information retrieval, transfer and management for osi. ISO/IEC-JTC1/SC21/WG7, International Organisation for Standardisation, 1989.

....and used to derive properties of the part. Communications engineers are unfortunately not as well off as electronic (or indeed most) engineers when it comes to a component engineering approach. What are the basic components of communications services and protocols The OSI Basic Reference Model ([2]) defines some static components (e.g. service access point, layer, and title) and some dynamic components (e.g. multiplexing, segmentation, and flow control) However, these concepts are informally (and sometimes fuzzily) defined, and are still quite high level. Some recent work [15] has focussed ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model, International Organisation for Standardisation, ISO 7498, Geneva, October 1984

....and the service provider. A service design also abstracts from the (internal) distribution of the service provider. This is depicted in figure 1. Elementary interactions between a user and the provider are termed service primitives which are taken as the building blocks for service definitions [ISO92]. Service primitives occur at abstract interfaces called SAPs (service access points) each of which is distinguished by means of a unique address. Service users are distinguished by means of a unique title. 2 service user service user service provider service Figure 1: Service Design ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Conventions for the Definition of OSI Services, ISO/IEC 10731, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1992.

.... developed by ISO with the purpose of establishing a precise and unambiguous meaning of the concepts [ISO89c] In addition, ISO and CCITT jointly developed guidelines for the application of standard FDTs in order to further stimulate and facilitate the production of specifications of OSI standards [ISO91]. The use of a few appropriate styles for service and protocol specification in LOTOS is discussed in [VSS88] motivated by their support of applicable design goals. There is nothing absolute about the LOTOS representations proposed in this paper. In all cases there are reasonable alternatives. ....

....pilot studies. It has therefore benefited from the feedback and comments of co workers in these Tasks. The work also draws on earlier work conducted by the first author as editor for the Architectural Semantics for FDTs [ISO89c] and Guidelines for the Application of ESTELLE, LOTOS and SDL [ISO91]. ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Guidelines for the Application of ESTELLE, LOTOS and SDL, ISO/IEC TR 10167, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1991.

.... protocol [WHR90] discussion [SW91] CCR (Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery) service [Sad90] protocol [JC90] ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element) service [FA89] Session Layer: service [ISO89a] protocol [ISO89b] discussion [SA89] Transport Layer: service [ISO90a] protocol [ISO90b], discussion [LS89] Network Layer: service [Tur89] protocol [Fer89] Experience from the application of LOTOS to OSI indicates that it is relatively straightforward to represent architectural concepts and architectures in LOTOS. This is also shown, at a more fundamental level, in [Tur88] ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Description in LOTOS of the Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol, ISO/IEC TR 10024, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1990.

.... Transaction Processing) protocol [WHR90] discussion [SW91] CCR (Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery) service [Sad90] protocol [JC90] ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element) service [FA89] Session Layer: service [ISO89a] protocol [ISO89b] discussion [SA89] Transport Layer: service [ISO90a], protocol [ISO90b] discussion [LS89] Network Layer: service [Tur89] protocol [Fer89] Experience from the application of LOTOS to OSI indicates that it is relatively straightforward to represent architectural concepts and architectures in LOTOS. This is also shown, at a more fundamental ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Description in LOTOS of the Connection-Oriented Transport Service, ISO/IEC TR 10023, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1990.

....to represent architectural concepts and architectures in LOTOS. This is also shown, at a more fundamental level, in [Tur88] Possible representations of OSI concepts in the standard FDTs have been developed by ISO with the purpose of establishing a precise and unambiguous meaning of the concepts [ISO89c]. In addition, ISO and CCITT jointly developed guidelines for the application of standard FDTs in order to further stimulate and facilitate the production of specifications of OSI standards [ISO91] The use of a few appropriate styles for service and protocol specification in LOTOS is discussed in ....

....LOTOSPHERE Tasks concerned with specification architecture and specification pilot studies. It has therefore benefited from the feedback and comments of co workers in these Tasks. The work also draws on earlier work conducted by the first author as editor for the Architectural Semantics for FDTs [ISO89c] and Guidelines for the Application of ESTELLE, LOTOS and SDL [ISO91] ....

ISO/IEC: Architectural Semantics for FDTs, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 21/N4231, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1989.

.... protocols, such as: Application Layer: DTP (Distributed Transaction Processing) protocol [WHR90] discussion [SW91] CCR (Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery) service [Sad90] protocol [JC90] ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element) service [FA89] Session Layer: service [ISO89a] protocol [ISO89b], discussion [SA89] Transport Layer: service [ISO90a] protocol [ISO90b] discussion [LS89] Network Layer: service [Tur89] protocol [Fer89] Experience from the application of LOTOS to OSI indicates that it is relatively straightforward to represent architectural concepts and architectures in ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Description in LOTOS of the Connection-Oriented Session Protocol, ISO/IEC TR 9572, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1989.

.... OSI services and protocols, such as: Application Layer: DTP (Distributed Transaction Processing) protocol [WHR90] discussion [SW91] CCR (Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery) service [Sad90] protocol [JC90] ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element) service [FA89] Session Layer: service [ISO89a], protocol [ISO89b] discussion [SA89] Transport Layer: service [ISO90a] protocol [ISO90b] discussion [LS89] Network Layer: service [Tur89] protocol [Fer89] Experience from the application of LOTOS to OSI indicates that it is relatively straightforward to represent architectural concepts ....

ISO/IEC: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Description in LOTOS of the Connection-Oriented Session Service, ISO/IEC TR 9571, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1989.

....contradiction in our semantic framework. 3 OO LOTOS In the thesis of Gibson [17] which forms the basis of our development method, there is an object oriented semantics based upon a constructive, easy to understand, state transition system model. The abstract data type (ADT) part of LOTOS, see [6, 21, 29], is used to implement the requirements models which are defined using this semantics. Then, full LOTOS (LOTOS with the ADT and process algebra parts) is used to model the requirements in a more concrete framework, during design. LOTOS is advantageous during feature development because: ffl Its ....

ISO. LOTOS --- a formal description technique based on the temporal ordering of observed behaviour. Technical report, International Organisation for Standardisation IS 8807, 1988.

....communications systems such as standards for OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) This is hardly surprising since LOTOS was developed for just this purpose. LOTOS has also been used to specify standards in the area of distributed systems such as the Trader of ODP (Open Distributed Processing, [15]) and TP (Transaction Processing, 26] However, LOTOS might claim to be a general purpose language for applications that are sequential or concurrent, closely coupled or distributed, communications or otherwise. The origins of LOTOS mean that it has so far seen little application outside OSI. ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems -- Open Distributed Processing -- Formal Description of the Trader, ISO JTC1/SC21/WG7/N743 Annex G, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, CH, 1992.

....Logic and Formal Languages, Formal Languages; LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification) 1 Introduction 1. 1 Applications of LOTOS This paper addresses the specification and validation of digital logic components and circuits using LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification, [14]) LOTOS has been widely and successfully used to specify communications systems such as standards for OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) This is hardly surprising since LOTOS was developed for just this purpose. LOTOS has also been used to specify standards in the area of distributed systems ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- LOTOS -- A Formal Description Technique based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour, ISO 8807, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, CH, 1989.

....For example, a simple connection oriented service might be said to have facilities for connection establishment, data transfer and connection release. Much experience has been gained in writing specifications of communications services in LOTOS. Guidance is available in documents such as [3, 8, 10]. The usual advice is to adopt a constraint oriented style, decomposing the service behaviour into endpoint constraints and end to end constraints. Unfortunately this decomposition makes the division into facilities a secondary concern. The behaviour of facilities is therefore scattered across the ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems --- Open Systems Interconnection --- Guidelines for the Application of ESTELLE, LOTOS and SDL, ISO TR 10167, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1991.

....specifications of communications services can be produced. Section 4 illustrates the approach in a different application area by showing how to produce low level specifications of digital logic. In both cases, the underlying formal language is LOTOS (Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification, [2]) 2 An Engineering Approach to Formal Methods This section addresses a number of aspects of general engineering practice, and suggests some implications for engineering with formal methods. 2.1 The Place of Formal Methods Mathematics is widely used in all aspects of engineering. However, it ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- LOTOS -- A Formal Description Technique based on the Temporal Ordering of Observational Behaviour, ISO 8807, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1989.

....is used widely although service user invocation would be the accurate description. 3.2.2 Patterns of Service Facility A study of typical OSI services reveals that there are five common patterns of service facility. These are illustrated in figure 2 according to the service conventions of [1]. The service conventions document defines simple time sequence diagrams in which time runs down the page, and three columns describe the interactions between two users and the service provider as intermediary. Arrows indicate occurrence of a service primitive, and sloping lines suggest the time ....

ISO: Information Processing Systems -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Service Conventions, ISO TR 8509, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, 1989.

....code (like C, C or Java) can be used as a CGI application. Prolog, being a high level symbolic language, is an excellent tool for programming WWW applications [1, 2, 12] but some implementations do not allow the creation of executable code. Furthermore, in the standard Prolog de nition [10] there is no way to refer directly to environment variables. That is why, if we want to use Prolog as a programming language for WWW applications, we have to provide an executable program (i.e. a binary or script le) that can invoke the Prolog interpreter, load a given program and run it. For the ....

ISO. ISO Prolog Standard. Technical Report ISO/IEC DIS 13211-1:1995(E), International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.

No context found.

ISO. Standard for the programming language Prolog. Standard Number ISO/IEC 132111: 1995, International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), 1995.

No context found.

ISO: Guidelines for the Application of Estelle, LOTOS, and SDL, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC21/WG1 McL 65, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, March 1988

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