National Institute for Standards and Technology. Escrowed encryption standard (EES), 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....a warrant or other legal empowerment which grants the law enforcement agencies access to your key. The system first introduced in the US was known as Clipper and consisted of a hardware encryption device with hardwired keys that were copied, split into two parts and lodged with government bodies [20]. This system was apparently introduced with very little consultation with potential users and, not surprisingly, there was an enormous resistance both to the general concept of escrow and the specific implementation of Clipper. One of the features of the Clipper chip was that it contained an ....

National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST FIPS PUB 185: `Escrowed encryption standard', US Department of Commerce (1994).

....of the data, and the ability for one escrowed key to represent arbitrarily much encrypted information. A number of key escrow schemes have been proposed for a variety of applications, most with the aim of facilitating law enforcement access to encrypted data, but also for commercial data recovery [NIST94, WLEB96, Denn96]. Third party backup, whether of data or keys, has a number of disadvantages, however. The escrow agents must be highly trusted and carefully protected, since compromise of a single escrow site (or small set of sites, in the case of split data) can result in an irrevocable loss of security. ....

National Institute for Standards and Technology. Escrowed Encryption Standard, FIPS 185. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1994.

....guards only against mistakes, not against deliberate deception. All escrow systems suffer from this limitation. In a centralized key distribution system, nothing prevents the use of out of band keys not obtained from the key center.Inasystem such as the government Escrowed Encryption Standard[8] (the Clipper chip ) it is possible to suppress the escrow exploitation field in the data stream or preencrypt with a secure non escrowed cryptosystem. The government system attempts to reduce this risk by supplying the escrowed devices in tamperresistant modules, making it difficult to deploy ....

National Institute for Standards and Technology, "Escrowed Encryption Standard." FIPS Publication #185, NTIS, February 1994.

....fits the requirements and avoids all security flaws. 2. The Escrowed Encryption Standard On April 16, 1993, the Government of the United States of America announced a proposed new symmetric key encryption system, called the Escrowed Encryption Standard (ESS) for protection of sensitive data [Mark93, NIS194]. The heart of this proposal is the tamper proof encryption chip called the Clipper Chip together with shared key approach for key escrow [Denn93, Ruep94] The Clipper Chip contains a classified single key 64 bit block encryption algorithm called Skipjack . The algorithm uses 80 bit keys and ....

.... Unit ID E U (K) c checksum K D U SKIPJACK m U AAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAA AAAAAA W A N Asymmetric key echange Figure 1: The Escrowed Encryption Approach Weaknesses of the Clipper approach There has been a long stimulating discussion about the EES, which is summarized in [LKBC94, NIS194]. The main shortcomings of the EES from a cryptographic point of view are: ffl The Skipjack algorithm is classified and was thus not object of public review and criticism. ffl Once interception is allowed, the active investigator can intercept all further messages and also decrypt the monitored ....

National Institute for Standards and Technology, "Escrowed Encryption Standard", Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 185, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, February 9, (1994).

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National Institute for Standards and Technology. Escrowed encryption standard (EES), 1994.

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