Sun Microsystems, The JAVA language: A white paper. 1998  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to interact with users. A major advantage of our design is that any single user application in Visual Obliq can be turned into a mobile, interactive agent by invoking the migration command. When not in use, an agent can write its state to disk and be restarted when needed. Obliq resembles Java [17], with its object oriented, multithreaded features, but also has integrated support for distributed objects which Java lacks. HotJava [16] and SafeTcl [13] have taken steps to ensure safe execution of external code. Safe Tcl supports virtually no end user customi zation; HotJava allows users to ....

Sun Microsystems, "The Java Language: A White Paper", Sun Microsystems White Paper, 1994.

....the OGA features of Design CPN#. In particular, the Interworking of Traders is being investigated, where multiple requests requiring Interworking are serviced concurrently by multiple Traders. Using the formally verified model as a basis, a prototype of the Trader is being developed in the Java [9] programming language. Java is object oriented, multi threaded, platform independent and provides convenient networking constructs which make it an ideal language to use for creating a prototype Trader. 11. CONCLUSIONS The ODP Trader has been modelled using the Coloured Petri Net formalism ....

Sun Microsystems, "The Java Language: A White Paper", Available from: http://java.sun.com/doc/overview/index.html

....of the program code. If the Code on Demand scheme is used in client server settings, programs stored on server machines are downloaded to clients on demand. The currently most popular technologies supporting this type of mobility are ActiveX (see e.g. AarAar97] and Java Applets (see e.g. [Sun94]) Both Remote Execution and Code on Demand support code mobility rather than agent mobility as both schemes transfer agent programs before their activation. In the following two schemes, agents (i.e. executions of agent programs) may migrate from node to node in a computer network. ....

....which is able not only to transport code, but also to install packages automatically. For Table 1: Mobile Agent Systems Classified Type of Mobility Systems Remote Execution Java Servlets (push [Sun96] Remote Evaluation [Stamos86] Tacoma [JovRSc95] Code on Demand ActiveX [AarAar97] Java Applets [Sun94] Java Servlets (pull [Sun96] Weak Migration Aglets [IBM96] Mole Odyssey [GenMag97] Strong Migration AgentTcl [Gray95] Ara [Peine97] Telescript [GenMag96] 3 Mobility Concepts for Mobile Agents 5 achieving that, code servers offer programs to clients, which include an environment to install ....

Sun Microsystems. "The Java Language: A White Paper", Technical Report, Sun Microsystems, 1994.

....back to the original object[9] Thus, we have adopted the Object Serialization mechanism to read data from a file or socket. Another reason to choose Java as an implementation language is that Java is a more dynamic language than C or C . It was designed to adapt to an evolving environment [8]. A major problem with C in a production environment is a side effect of the way in which code can be implemented. If we produce a class library (a library of plug and play components) and programmer A uses it in his her product, then we then change our library and distribute a new release, ....

Sun Microsystems, The Java Language White Paper, via http://java.sun.com/docs/overviews/ java/java-overview-1.html.

.... and offer significant simplicity and cost advantages compared to laptops; PDA s typically store applications and data in persistent memory and can operate stand alone, whereas NC s rely on a network infrastructure for access to both content and applications in portable languages such as Java [17]. NC s in particular are expected to comprise an increasingly large target audience of users (and service providers) who will certainly be concerned about authenticated and secure access to the network infrastructure. 1.4 Why Kerberos Kerberos [9] is a time tested, widely deployed system that ....

....describes the format and contents of Charon protocol messages between the client and the proxy is actually used as input to a recursive descent parser, which generates code to parse and verify the integrity of the different messages. Note to reviewers: implementations of Charon clients in Java [17]and Geos [25] are currently underway. Our experience will allow us to evaluate the above claim. 3.7 Performance of DES on PDA Our recent experience porting a GIF renderer [19] and audio stream decoder [26] to the MagicLink device strongly suggested that the limiting factor in Charon performance ....

Sun Labs. The java language: A white paper. Available at http://java.sun.com.

....limitations; the embedded Safe TCL code is limited by the length of IP option eld, no security issues are addressed (except for validation provided by Safe TCL) and no resource allocation controls are provided. Wetherall et al. 146] have built a capsule based AN toolkit called ANTS using Java [147]. In ANTS, packets are replaced with capsules. In its simplest form a capsule only contains a reference to a routine to be executed at the active node. More complicated codes require code to be loaded by a code distribution mechanism. A novel code distribution scheme was proposed where the ....

....code from the downstream node. Active nodes in ANTS provide the following categories of primitives: environment access, capsule manipulation, control operations, caching and rendezvous. Authentication is provided using MD5 [148] message digest and security of execution is as provided by the Java [147] virtual machine. Fernando et al. 149] proposed PANTS, an extension to ANTS. The nodes in PANTS are more dynamic whereby nodes run time execution environment can be changed dynamically and allow capsules to dynamically rewrite their code, which is dicult to achieve in statically typed language ....

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Sun Microsystems, \The java language: A white paper." White Paper, 1994.

....Here is a simple example of a local object which may be exposed globally. Note we use the syntax and semantics of our toy mini Mianjin language, formalised in Section 5. In particular all objects are heap allocated and object types, records in Oberon terminology, are reference types, as in Java [7]. The full Mianjin language has syntax and semantics based on Oberon 2. The example declares an object type that supports a single method Add and has two fields count and sum. An Acc object represents a form of accumulator to which other tasks may contribute values via Add. The client code uses ....

SUN Microsystems. The Java language: A white paper, 1995.

....overview of related work in the field. Language and environment requirements are discussed in Sec. 3. Four existing languages, Perl, Tcl, Java, and Obliq, are compared to each other in Sec. 4, and the work is concluded in Sec. 5. 2 Related Work The Java language and its environment are defined in [Sun95a, Sun95c]. It is an object oriented, architecture neutral, interpreted language with multithreading support. It takes some of its ideas from Smalltalk, but puts them in a C style syntax. Sun95b] describes the features of the language and also compares it to C . The suitability of Java as a networking ....

Sun Microsystems. The Java Language: A White Paper, 1995. http://java.sun.com.

....this could reduce the flexibility and maintainability of the implementation. C utilises much of the syntax of C, but has the added feature of supporting object oriented implementation. Java is a true Object oriented language and was built from the ground up with object orientation in mind [117]. 8.4.1.2 Distributed As the Trader is an inherently networked and distributed application, it requires a programming language that provides good support for networking. Such a language would need to provide facilities that enable the prototype to operate over the Internet and also provide ....

....in C and C programming whilst removing many of the error prone aspects of those languages. A simple language allows the creation of a prototype in less time and with less errors. Java does not include the concept of a pointer, which is a very common source of programming error in C and C [117]. Memory management in Java is simple, since objects in the application are automatically removed by a garbage collector when they go out of scope (no longer referenced by another object) These features result in a language that is very simple to use, employs a similar syntax to C and C and ....

Sun Microsystems, "The Java Language: A White Paper", Available from: http://java.sun.com/doc/overview/index.html 193

....like commands in that they can contain arbitrary code) While document paths support random access, if a necessary script entry is skipped, the presentation will fail. The HotJava browser[12] from Sun Microsystems provides an environment that allows distribution of arbitrary code (written in Java[13], a C like language) alongside other media. The Java language provides the necessary expressiveness by allowing arbitrary code. Like most media on the World Wide Web[2] Java data must be downloaded in full before execution, which can provide for unacceptable startup delays for large data files. ....

Sun Microsystems, Inc.The Java Language: A White Paper. Sun Microsystems. http://java.sun.com/

.... agent application software systems, but it must also support the ability to create highly usable GUIs that allow use of management operations efficiently and effectively by human end users. The recent introduction and dramatic growth in interest and use of the World wide web (WWW) and Java TM [2] technologies offer new possibilities to enhance existing network management programming environments, especially with respect to the GUI. This paper explores these areas in the following sections. 2. THE MANAGER AGENT PARADIGM There are two commonly used approaches to network management. The ....

Sun Microsystems, The Java Language: A White Paper, http://java.sun.com/, 1995

....receiving PostScript documents as an instantiation of this mechanism. To our knowledge, there is however problems with grouping information into Domains and Contexts and giving access to only a subset of users using WWW. That was one requirement when creating the Repository Services. With Java [Sun95], the recent development from Sun Microsystems, a greater flexibility is given, and it is possible that this approach can be used. As a conclusion, of the three approaches mentioned, WWW is the approach most similar to the Repository Services and they are partly overlapping. A further comparison ....

Sun Microsystems "The Java Language - A White Paper" http://java.sun.com/whitePaper/javawhitepaper_1.html

....and flexibility in Internet applications. Several environments exist that ease the implementation of migration mechanisms in a wide and heterogeneous distributed systems by means of either interpreted languages, as TCL [Ous94] or intermediate architecture independent representations, as Java [Sun94] However, at the moment, the language constructs offered by those systems toward mobility are very low level and not transparent. In is in charge of the programmer to explicitly specify when application components have to migrate and where, by means of direct invocation of a migration command ....

Sun Microsystems, "The Java Language: a White Paper", Technical Report, 1994.

....the program code. If the Code on Demand scheme is used in client server settings, programs stored on server machines are downloaded to clients on demand. The currently most popular technologies supporting this type of mobility are ActiveX (see e.g. Aaron and Aaron, 1997) and Java Applets (see e.g. Sun, 1994). Both Remote Execution and Code on Demand support code mobility rather than agent mobility as both schemes transfer agent programs before their activation. In following two schemes, agents (i.e. executions of agent programs) may migrate from node to node in a computer network. Obviously, for ....

....systems with regard to the degree of mobility supported. Table 1: Mobile Agent Systems Classified Systems Remote Execution Java Servlets (push, Sun, 1996) Remote Evaluation (Stamos, 1986) Tacoma (Johansen, van Renesse and Schneider, 1995) Code on Demand ActiveX (Microsoft, 1996) Java Applets (Sun, 1994) Java Servlets (pull, Sun, 1996) Weak Migration Aglets (IBM, 1996) Mole (Stra er, Baumann and Hohl, 1997) Odyssey (General Magic, 1997) Strong Migration AgentTcl (Gray, 1996) Ara (Peine, 1997) Telescript (General Magic, 1996) 3 ADVANTAGES OF CODE AND AGENT MOBILITY In the following, we will ....

Sun Microsystems (1994) The Java Language: A White Paper. Technical Report. Sun Microsystems.

....to interact with users. A major advantage of our design is that any single user application in Visual Obliq can be turned into a mobile, interactive agent by invoking the migration command.When not in use, an agent can write its state to disk and be restarted when needed. Obliq resembles Java [17], with its object oriented, multithreaded features, but also has integrated support for distributed objects. HotJava [16] and Safe Tcl [13] have taken steps to ensure safe execution of external code. Safe Tcl supports virtually no end user customization; HotJava allows users to restrict the ....

Sun Microsystems, "The Java Language: A White Paper", Sun Microsystems White Paper, 1994.

....dynamic variation of the method. Ensuring that one of the implementations is declared as a default will protect against a message not understood error. There have been various proposals for separating an interface from an implementation. For example the language Java supports this separation [19]. An Interface defines a set of method signatures, while a Class defines the structure and behavior of its instances. A class may match several interfaces, if it implements the methods defined by each interface. Classes are instantiable, while interfaces are not. In contrast, we propose a ....

....Composition object. The expression this : comp; alters the Composition object by updating the Compose method implementation to be that defined in the context class. In C , a dynamic method lookup is required when a virtual method is invoked through a pointer. In a language such as Java [19], all methods are assumed virtual (unless declared final) and all objects are referenced through pointers. Each method invocation will require a dynamic lookup. The context relation allows method update, not just for subclasses but for the base class itself. Dynamic lookup occurs regardless of ....

Sun Microsystems. The Java Language: A White Paper. http://www.javasoft.com.

....integriert werden m ussen. Hierbei sind jedoch nicht ausschlie lich Animationen gemeint, die mit Hilfe von Dienstprogrammen des WWW Browsers abgespielt werden, vielmehr handelt es sich auch um Animationen, die direkt in der WWW Seite ablaufen sollen. Da zu Beginn des Projektes die Java Erweiterung [JAV95] noch nicht zur Verf ugung stand, wird hierzu das CommonGateway Interface (CGI) CGI95] des WWW Servers verwendet. Mittels selbstgeschriebener C Programme werden dadurch bewegte Bilder auf WWW Seiten m oglich, wodurch dem K unstler ein weiteres Bet atigungsfeld im WWW erschlossen wird. 2.3 Audio ....

....WWW Browser realisierbar. Im Bereich dynamischer WWW Seiten mu auf eigene Programme zur uckgegriffen werden. Dies ist uber die CGI Schnittstelle m oglich. Auch massiv interaktive Anwendungen m ussen noch durch eigene Programme unterst utzt werden. Eine m ogliche L osung dieses Problems ist Java [JAV95]. Es ist geplant Teile von Subnet in Java umzusetzen, um auf diese Weise auch die Menge der ubertragenen Daten zu reduzieren. Ausgehend von den bereitgestellten und ubertragenen Datenmengen wird deutlich, da solche Projekte ohne die Rechenleistung heutiger Workstations nur schwer durchf uhrbar w ....

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (1995). The Java Language: A White Paper. URL: ftp://ftp.javasoft.com/docs/JavaBook.ps.tar.Z This article was processed using the L A T E X macro package with LLNCS style

....homogeneous environments as typified by the Java Virtual Machine, and migration of native code tasks within a homogeneous environment. Virtual homogeneous architectures or portable execution environments are typified by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) write once run anywhere . Java applets [SUN Microsystems, 1995] are a way to dynamically link remotely provided code fragments, for late integration of code. This is loosely connected to task migration, but does not involve transfer of any execution state. IBM has a project which does support true migration of tasks running on a JVM, Aglets [IBM, 1998] which ....

SUN Microsystems (1995). The Java language: A white paper.

....to the original object[9] Thus, we have adopted the Object Serialization mechanism to read data from a file or socket. Page 3 Another reason to choose Java as an implementation language is that Java is a more dynamic language than C or C . It was designed to adapt to an evolving environment [8]. A major problem with C in a production environment is a side effect of the way in which code can be implemented. If we produce a class library (a library of plug and play components) and programmer A uses it in his her product, then we then change our library and distribute a new release, ....

Sun Microsystems, The Java Language White Paper, via http://java.sun.com/docs/overviews/ java/java-overview-1.html.

....much stronger tool for exploiting parallelism. In this sense Progress can be seen as a first step towards an implementation of a megaprogramming language. Other approaches that go into the direction of Progress are the recent developments in making the WWW programable, especially the system Java [18, 17]. The main aim of Java is to incorporate active elements into HTML documents, e.g. for animation purposes. This is achieved by integrating special links that refer to procedures written in the Java language into a HTML document and by using a dedicated WWW browser that is able to load and ....

Sun Microsystems, Inc., Mountain View, CA. The Java Language: A White Paper, 1995.

....a strategy allows multiple implementations to be defined for a single interface. Figure 1 contains an example strategy pattern originally presented by Gamma et al. [1] The figure contains a class diagram using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2] for representing classes and relations, and Java [3] for defining method implementations. The Composition class describes objects that are used to maintain and update the line breaks of text displayed in a text viewer, while the inheritance hierarchy defined by the Compositor class represents different variations of the line breaking algorithm. ....

Sun Microsystems, The Java Language: A White Paper, http://www.javasoft.com.

....solution algorithms dependent on the problem instance. There exist some systems that have similar aims as Progress. There are systems that are similar to Progress with regard to their goals: especially, new developments to incorporate active elements into the WWW, e.g. the system Java [Sun95a, Sun95b] A comprehensive overview of such comparable systems will be given at the end of this article. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 presents the general ideas of Progress. Section 3 gives an overview of the basics of the Progress language. Section 4 presents the so called ....

....of available algorithms in an efficient and easy manner. Especially, they do not offer an interactive usable language to support these functionalities. Other approaches that go into the direction of Progress are the recent developments in making the WWW programable, especially the system Java [Sun95b, Sun95a] The main aim of Java is to incorporate active elements into HTML documents, e.g. for animation purposes. This is achieved by integrating special links that refer to procedures written in the Java language into a HTML document and by using a dedicated WWW browser that is able to load ....

Sun Microsystems, Inc., Mountain View, CA. The Java Language: A White Paper, 1995.

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Sun Microsystems, The JAVA language: A white paper. 1998

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Sun Microsystems "The Java Language: A White Paper"

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Sun Microsystems. The Java Language: A White Paper. http://www.javasoft.com.

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