Jacob, R.J.K. What You Look At is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques. in Proc. of CHI'90: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1990: Addison-Wesley/ACM Press p. 11-18.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Interaction (HCI) method of the next decade. There are two types of eye gaze interface [3, 4, 6] One is command based, and the other is non command based. In the command based interface, an eye mark is used to select a command from among a set of choices either in the form of a menu or of icons [1, 2]. People use the eye mark to select objects just as with other traditional pointing devices, such as mice, track balls, and touch panels. In the non command based interface, the user s eye mark does not select a particular target [4, 5] Instead, its traces are analyzed and interpreted in order ....

....of possible options by using certain methods. But if a command is activated just because users look at it, it will cause a serious problem. When they search the screen to find an appropriate command, many commands will be executed to cause chaos. This problem is known as the Midas Touch problem [2]. In recent studies, many methods have been proposed to overcome this problem but without complete success. To use the eye gaze interface for ordinary tasks, these remaining problems should be solved. The following describes three major methods and their respective problems. S 1 The use of ....

R.J.K.Jacob. What You Look At Is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques, Proceedings of CHI'90, ACM Press, 11--18.

....interest. Gaze movement data has led to two very different types of interfaces: command and non command [2] 8] Command based interfaces use gaze location to directly issue commands to the system. For example, gaze can be used to type on a graphical keyboard [10] or select icons or menu items [3]. In contrast, non command interfaces use gaze information to indirectly tune the system to the user s needs. An example of this is the storyteller system created by Starker and Bolt [11] This system evaluates the level of interest in various objects and uses this information to determine which ....

....micro saccades (small movements) jitters (shaky movements) and nystagmus (compensatory movements to head motion) To provide eye movement data that is closer to what users experience, researchers have attempted to break down or filter complex raw eye movement data into a set of tokens. Jacob s [3][2] work on fixation recognition has formed the core of this research area. The term fixation refers to an area of relatively stable gaze that lasts between 30 and 800 milliseconds. Although people are not aware of micro saccades, they do report areas of fixation. Thus, fixation recognition is ....

Jacob, R. J. K. (1990). What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proceedings ACM CHI'90 Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 11-18.

....shown in figure 1. Eye Tracking Interest in gaze contingent interface techniques has endured since early implementations of eye slaved flight simulators and has since permeated several disciplines including human computer interfaces, teleoperator environments, and visual communication modalities (Jacob 1990; Starker Bolt 1990; Held Durlach 1993) The functional benefits of eye tracking for human computer, multi modal interfaces, and the technical benefits for data compression, have been recognized, but the benefits have yet to be fully exploited in real time traversal of virtual environments. ....

Jacob, R. J. 1990. What You Look at is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques. In Human Factors in Computing Systems: CHI '90 Conference Proceedings, 11--18. ACM Press.

....should also be insensitive to interference from the environment. Even if some progress has been made with the optical tracker, the ultimate tracker is still far in the future. Other research focuses on creating force feedback devices (Minsky et al. 1990; Iwata 1990; Luciani 1990) eye trackers (Jacob 1990), tactile feedback gloves, and on improving graphics performance of workstations (Fuchs et al. 1989) Even if a real VR system is still far off, existing devices allow us to build real and useful applications and to study the software tools needed for interaction. 6.3. Interaction Techniques ....

Jacob RJK (1990) What You Look Is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques., Proceedings CHI conference, 1990, Empowering People, Seattle Washington, ACM Press, pp 11-18.

....also be insensitive to interference from the environment. Even if some progress has been made with the optical tracker, the ultimate tracker is still far in the future. Other research focuses on creating force feedback devices (Minsky et al. (1990) Iwata (1990) Luciani (1990) eye trackers (Jacob (1990)) tactile feedback gloves, and on improving graphics performance of workstations (Fuchs et al. (1989) Even if a real VR system is still far off, existing devices allow us to build real and useful applications and to study the software tools needed for interaction. 3. Interaction Techniques ....

Jacob R.J.K. (1990), "What You Look Is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques.", Proceedings CHI conference, 1990, Empowering People, Seattle Washington, ACM Press, pp 11-18.

....Human Computer Interaction Laboratory Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375 templema itd.nrl.navy.mil ABSTRACT Eye gaze interaction can provide a convenient and natural addition to user computer dialogues. We have previously reported on our interaction techniques using eye gaze [Jacob 1992]. In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of our approach in a controlled setting. We present two experiments that compare our eye gaze object selection technique with conventional selection by mouse. The results show that, for a simple task, it takes 60 less time to select an object with our ....

....is responding to their intentions rather than to their explicit commands. In the current work, we extended our testbed and tested our eye gaze selection technique through formal experimentation. Previous work in our lab demonstrated the usefulness of using natural eye movements for computer input [Jacob 1991, 1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1994] We have developed interaction techniques for object selection, data base retrieval, moving an object, eye controlled scrolling, menu selection, and listener window selection. We used context to determine which gazes are meaningful within a task. We have built the ....

JACOB, R. J. K. 1992. What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proc. ACM CHI'90, 11-18.

....Electrical Engineering Computer Science Tufts University Medford MA 02155 USA 617 627 3217 jacob eecs.tufts.edu ABSTRACT Eye gaze interaction can provide a convenient and natural addition to user computer dialogues. We have previously reported on our interaction techniques using eye gaze [10]. While our techniques seemed useful in demonstration, we now investigate their strengths and weaknesses in a controlled setting. In this paper, we present two experiments that compare an interaction technique we developed for object selection based on a where a person is looking with the most ....

....finely tuned computer architecture that recognizes meaningful eye gazes in real time, and appropriate interaction techniques that are convenient to use. In previous research, we developed a basic testbed system configured with a commercial eye tracker to investigate interfaces operated by eye gaze [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. We designed a number of interaction techniques and tested them through informal trial and error evaluation. We learned that people prefer techniques that use natural not deliberate eye movements. Observers found our demonstration eye gaze interface fast, easy, and intuitive. In fact, when our ....

Jacob, R. J. K. What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proc. ACM CHI'90 (1992), 11-18.

....is responding to their intentions rather than to their explicit commands. In the current work, we extended our testbed and tested our eye gaze selection technique through a formal experiment. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated the usefulness of using natural eye movements for computer input [Jacob 1991, 1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1994] We have developed interaction techniques for object selection, data base retrieval, moving an object, eye controlled scrolling, menu selection, and listener window selection. We use context to determine which gazes are meaningful within a task. We have built the ....

JACOB, R. J. K. 1992. What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proc. ACM CHI'90, 11-18.

....particularly with new users, largely because they draw on analogies to existing human skills (pointing, grabbing, moving objects in space) rather than trained behaviors. As another example, research on eye movement based computer input at NRL has tried to make use of natural eye 4 movements (Jacob, 1990). Because eye movements are so different from conventional computer inputs, the overall approach in designing interaction techniques was, wherever possible, to obtain information from a user s natural eye movements while viewing the screen rather than requiring the user to make specific trained ....

....is activated; you cannot look anywhere without issuing a command. Eye movements are an example of how most of the non command, passive inputs will require either careful interface design to avoid this problem or some form of clutch to engage and disengage the monitoring (Bolt, 1981, Bolt, 1982, Jacob, 1990, Jacob, 1991, Jacob, 1993, Starker, 1990, Ware, 1987) Techniques for communication and manipulation of multidimensional data: Typical current visualization work is rather passive. At most, the user might be able to change viewpoint or rotate a displayed object, but the object itself remains the ....

Jacob,. R.J.K. Jacob, "What You Look At is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques," Proc. ACM CHI'90 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, pp. 11-18, Addison-Wesley/ACM Press, 1990.

No context found.

Jacob,.R.J.K. Jacob, "What You Look At is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques," Proc. ACM CHI'90 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, pp. 11-18, Addison-Wesley/ACM Press, 1990.

No context found.

Jacob, R.J.K. What You Look At is What You Get: Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques. in Proc. of CHI'90: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1990: Addison-Wesley/ACM Press p. 11-18.

No context found.

Jacob, Robert J.K. What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proceedings of CHI '90 (1990), 11-18.

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