E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proc. WWW4, 1995.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... of this paper is: How to fuse these ranked lists together to achieve the best ranked list which is returned as a list of the top matches to q The linear combination model is extensively investigated for the fusion of information retrieval systems [6, 89] especially for text retrieval systems [45, 77, 100]. These models have proposed mechanisms to assign weights to the different types of scores to obtain a summary score for each document via training or relevance feedback. However, the heterogeneous property of the scores from different feature exaction techniques was not taken into account. For ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. Proceedings of the 4th international World Wide Web Confernece, pages 195 -- 208, 1996.

....1. INTRODUCTION A significant amount of valuable information on the web is stored in databases, some of which is hidden behind search interfaces and not crawlable by traditional search engines. An attractive way to allow easy interaction with these databases is through metasearchers (e.g. [20, 7]) which provide users with a single interface to query multiple databases simultaneously. A metasearcher performs three main tasks: After receiving a query, it determines the best databases to evaluate the query (database selection) it translates the query in a suitable form for each database ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-Service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW4), 1995.

....for example, for The New York Times newspaper. One way of facilitating the access to this kind of searchable databases is to build metasearchers. A metasearcher sends user queries to many search engines, retrieves and merges the results and then returns the combined results back to the user (see [6, 12, 17, 16, 5, 11]) Alternatively, users can browse Yahoo like directories to locate databases of interest and then submit queries to these databases. Some sites have started in the last few years to provide such services. For example, InvisibleWeb and SearchEngine Guide classify various search engines into ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-Service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference, 1995.

....6lb Text Retrieval Conference (TREC 6) the results obtained are presented and discussed. 1 Introduction A main problem with the current search engines is the large volume of documents extracted as a result of broad, general queries, and the lack of output produced to specific, narrow questions [Selberg and Etzioni 1995], Zorn, Emanoil et al. 1996] Many of the documents retrieved for general queries are totally irrelevant to the subject of interest and relevant documents may be missing because the query does not contain the exact keywords. A more refined query, with more restrictive boolean operators, may ....

....these factors usually decreases the other one, and vice versa. Two main approaches have been considered by researchers in trying to improve the quality of the search on Internet or large collections of texts. The first one is to make use of multiple search engines and create a mete search engine [Selberg and Etzioni 1995], Gravano, Chang et el. 1997] This will result in an increased number of documents, as they are retrieved based on the information stored in multiple search engine databases. The hard task in this approach is that different search engines are largely incompatible and do not always allow for ....

Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference, 195-208, Boston, MA.

....6th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC 6) the results obtained are presented and discussed. 1 Introduction A main problem with the current search engines is the large volume of documents extracted as a result of broad, general queries, and the lack of output produced to specific, narrow questions [Selberg and Etzioni 1995], Zorn, Emanoil et al. 1996] Many of the documents retrieved for general queries are totally irrelevant to the subject of interest and relevant documents may be missing because the query does not contain the exact keywords. A more refined query, with more restrictive boolean operators, may ....

....these factors usually decreases the other one, and vice versa. Two main approaches have been considered by researchers in trying to improve the quality of the search on Internet or large collections of texts. The first one is to make use of multiple search engines and create a meta search engine [Selberg and Etzioni 1995], Gravano, Chang et al. 1997] This will result in an increased number of documents, as they are retrieved based on the information stored in multiple search engine databases. The hard task in this approach is that different search engines are largely incompatible and do not always allow for ....

Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference, 195-208, Boston, MA.

....the target page; and that anchor text may be a useful discriminator among unseen child pages. These results present the foundations necessary for the success of many 84 proposed techniques (e.g. PPR96, Spe97] and implemented Web systems, including search and meta search engines (e.g. Inf02b, SE95, SE97, DH97c, HD97, Inf02a, ZE98, ZE99, LG98b, LG98a, Goo02, Alt02, Ink02, Fas02, McB94, Lyc02b] focused crawlers (e.g. CGMP98, CvdBD99, BSHJ 99, Men97, MB00, Lie97, RM99] linkage analyzers (e.g. BFJ96, DH99, KRRT99, FLGC02, CDR 99, BH98b, BP98, DGK IBM00, Kle98] and intelligent ....

....automated crawling, even if those pages don t rank highly based on text alone. Our analysis may help to explain the utility of anchor text usage, as well as show how likely neighboring pages are to be on the same topic. 5.3. 3 Meta search engines Meta search engines (e.g. MetaCrawler [Inf02b, SE95, SE97] SavvySearch [DH97c, HD97] which is now incorporated into Search.com, and DogPile [Inf02a] are search services that do not search an index of their own, but instead collect and compile the results of searching using other engines. While these services may do nothing more than present the ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, December 1995.

....the searching process completely. Designers of search engines have been struggling with the above problem for years with better or worse results numerous methods for improving the quality of the ranked list presentation have been proposed, from simple filtering [Shakes et al. 97] or pruning [Salberg and Etzioni, 95] techniques to complex algorithms employing Artificial intelligence [Moukas and Maes, 98] Pankau et al. 99] Yet, what was clearly visible, users still needed something more understandable. Yahoo [Yahoo, 01] was the first service to provide human made directory of the Web. The reign of the ....

Selberg E., Etzioni O.: Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler, In Proceedings of the 4th World Wide Web Conference, 1995. Selberg E. W.: Towards Comprehensive Web Search, Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, 1999. The thesis presents rationale for, and implementation of a meta-searching engine.

....retrieval systems in text databases or Web search engines. It has been demonstrated that search engines using current methods based on simple keyword matching perform poorly. The precision of these search engines is very low and their recall is inadequate. It has been demonstrated in [10] that any single web search engine provides the user with only 15 42 of the relevant documents. Furnas et al. 11] show that due to widespread synonymy and polysemy in natural languages, indexing methods based on the occurrence of single words do not perform adequately. Content based image ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni, Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler, in 4th International World Wide Web Conference, 1996.

....example, SavvySearch [Dreilinger] selects the most promising search engines automatically and then sends the user s query to the selected search engines (usually 2 or 3) in parallel. SavvySearch does very little postprocessing. For example, the resulting document lists are not merged. MetaCrawler [Selberg et al. 1995][MetaCrawler] on the other hand, sends out user s query to all search engines it handles and collates search results from all search engines. What distinguishes ProFusion from others is that it uses sophisticated yet computationally efficient post processing. 3. ProFusion 3.1 General ....

Erik Selberg, Oren Etzioni (1995). "Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler", WWW4 conference, December 1995

....about scientific communication, but in the course of her research got numbers on link rot. General ref on link rot: Cronin McKim, 1996; Harter, 1996. In her study 75 of 485 could not be found: it varied by year. 1994 50 link rot. 1995 33 . 1996 24 . 1997 15 . 1998 10 . Selberg and Etzioni [99] found in 1995 that in the search results returned by popular search engines, 14.9 of the URLs were no longer reachable. Brewster Kahle in 1997 estimated that 600GB of the Web changes every month[65] and that the average lifetime of a URL is 44 days. Moreover, Cho 17 and Garcia Molina find that ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, 1995.

....that directly contradict RBPR s heuristic assumption that a visitor s information needs can be approximated by the referrer terms. For example, in the Levy example, the metacrawler term extracted in URL only mode could lead RBPR to incorrectly suggest Selberg and Etzioni s work on meta searching [9], which is also described in the UW CS E web. 4 Evaluation Despite these complications and subtleties, our experiments demonstrate that referrer based page recommendation represents interesting progress toward the goal of zero input personalization. Before we can describe our experiments, we ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proc. 4th World Wide Web Conf., pages 195--208, 1995.

....of web pages, a page interest estimator, learned from the user s access behavior, characterizes the interests of a user. A web access graph summarizes the web page access patterns of a user. To provide personalized on line search, our search engine consults multiple existing search engines ([38, 39]) collates the returned records, and ranks them according to the user profile. Using similar search techniques, recommendation and prefetching of interesting pages are performed off line at night. In this article we focus on PIE s (Section 2) and investigate how a user s interest of a page can ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proc. WWW4, 1995.

....to extract relevant information from unstructured sources such as the Web. The PHOAKS (People Helping One Another Know Stuff) system searches Usenet FAQ s to identify a consensus of Web sites valid for a domain [TERV97] Specialized search engines and indexes have been developed for many domains [SELB95]. Search engines have been developed to combine the efforts of other engines [SELB95] and select the best search engine for a domain [HOWE97] However, these approaches do not consider experience in previous searches. User preferences have been addressed by establishing profiles. Agents search ....

.... (People Helping One Another Know Stuff) system searches Usenet FAQ s to identify a consensus of Web sites valid for a domain [TERV97] Specialized search engines and indexes have been developed for many domains [SELB95] Search engines have been developed to combine the efforts of other engines [SELB95] and select the best search engine for a domain [HOWE97] However, these approaches do not consider experience in previous searches. User preferences have been addressed by establishing profiles. Agents search out Web sites on user stated interests [ACKE97, MAES94] or through the joint interests ....

Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. (1995). "Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler;" Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, 195 - 208.

....that V = 2. In this case we have CF = 2 3 . Also note that formula (5) releases us from having to compute the maximum possible democratic distance, which depends on the number of documents and the number of systems. 7 Related Work Concluding Remarks In general, metasearchers (i.e. MetaCrawler [10], SavvySearch [6] Profusion [3] merge results from 5 multiple search systems into a single ranked list using some results fusing (or merging) strategy. In addition, some form of query translation technology is necessary, to interact with di#erent search systems, and some server selection method ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. "MultiService Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler". In Proceedings of the 1995 World Wide Web Conference, December 1995.

....the existence of such search engines and then be familiar with the way they work, what information they are designed to retrieve and where they are located, among other difficulties. Empirical results indicate that no single search engine is likely to return more than 45 of the relevant results [Selberg and Etzioni 1995]. Consequently, working with several search engines can became a difficult task even for experienced users. Metasearch engines are designed to deal with these problems. They provide an interface to automatically access multiple conventional search engines, adding an additional level of ....

SELBERG, E. AND ETZIONI, O. 1995. Multi-service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference.

....foundation of an information economy.Valuable information sources include on line travel agents, nationwide YellowPages, job listing services, on line malls, and many more. Currently, most of this information is available free of charge, and as a result parallel search tools such as MetaCrawler [12] and BargainFinder [7] respond to requests by querying numerous information sources simultaneously to maximize the information provided and minimize delay.However, information Research supported in part byOfficeofNaval Research grant 92 J 1946, ARPA Rome Labs grant F30602 95 1 0024, a gift from ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service searchand comparison using the MetaCrawler. Proc. 4th World Wide Web Conf., 195-208, Boston, MA, 1995.

....currently deployed on the Web) of their strengths and weaknesses, and of the peculiarities of their query interfaces. To some degree this can be remedied by front ends that provide a uniform interface to multiple search engines, such as Multisurf[HGN 95] Savvysearch [Dre96] and Metacrawler [SE95] 1 A more serious problem is that these queries cannot exploit the topology of the document network. In the hypertext literature, the need for such queries is well documented. For example, in an often cited paper on the limitations of hypertext systems, Halasz says: Hal88] Content search ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth Int'l WWW Conference, Boston, December 1995. http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/WWW4/Papers/169.

....experiences with the component database. Guaranteed Retrieval: The idea is to guarantee that all potentially useful documents with respect to a query be retrieved. In the following subsections, we survey and discuss approaches in different categories. 31 6. 1 User Determination In MetaCrawler [59, 60] and SavvySearch [14] the maximum number of documents to be returned from each component database can be customized by the user. Different numbers can be used for different queries. If a user does not select a number, then a query independent default number set by the metasearch engine will be ....

E. Selberg, and O. Etzioni. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. 4th International World Wide Web Conference, December 1995.

.... such a manner that one primary search engine s advantage can overcome a disadvantage of another primary search engine (e.g. the primary search engine with the most recent pages may not be the most comprehensive) Moreover a multi search engine can provide a unique interface to different databases [18]. Thus it is possible to query primary search engines and arbitrary databases (e.g. special purpose databases) with the same query term (Note: from a point of view of an enterprise the combination of internal and external information can be provided) A multi search engine has the following ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings ot the 1995 World Wide Web Conference, 1995.

....multiple engines, each run by the organization owning each source of documents. A global search is managed by a meta searcher that interacts with the individual source engines. One alternative for meta searching is to send a user query to all engines, and collect the results (e.g. MetaCrawler [Selberg and Etzioni 1995]) The user can then be directed to sites that have matching documents or to particular documents at those sites. Another option for the multiple source scenario, one we explore in depth in this paper, is to obtain from the engines in advance metadata that can guide queries to sources that have ....

Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. 1995. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference (Dec. 1995).

....0:62 and (e C e ) c E c e C e ) 0:38. Operators are further evaluated in the next experiment, considering the practical utility of NaviPlanning . Efficiency of understanding goal terms In the second experiment, the utility of NaviPlanning was directly evaluated. The MetaCrawler 1 (Selberg Etzioni 1995)(Selberg Etzioni 1997) search engine was employed for node expansion (Fig.2(b) in NaviPlanning , and also used for the purpose of user s understanding of a target concept. The performances of these two methods, combined with link tracing (like a Web robot) or not, were compared. In all ....

Selberg, E., and Etzioni, O. 1995. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In the 1995 World Wide Web Conference.

.... digital libraries for efficient indexing and retrieval of scientific documents (Lawrence, Bollacker, Giles 1999) Reviews of work in web searching include (Lawrence Giles 1999) Filman (guest editors) 1998) and (Lawrence Giles 1998) We are interested in web metasearch engines (MSE) (Selberg Etzioni 1995), Glover et al. 1999) which dispatch user queries to several available WSE; each WSE produces an ordered list of data items in response to the query, and the MSE combines these lists into a single summary list that is then passed on to the user. In the present paper we present a new approach to ....

Selberg, E., and Etzioni, O. 1995. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proc. 1995 World Wide Web Conference.

....rates. Our method is intended to be iterative, whereas mediators and traders usually are not. Another group of related concepts is characterized by the parallel execution of several retrieval algorithms on the same document set. Well known examples are Web meta search engines like MetaCrawler [18]. Internally, the results of the search engines are combined to a single search result. The major differences to our approach are that there is no selection of the retrieval algorithm and that there is no iteration. 7. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK In this paper, we presented our approach to transfer ....

Selberg, E. and O. Etzioni, Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler, Fourth World WideWeb Conference, Boston, MA, December 11-14, 1995.

....Agents, Levy, Rajaraman, Ordille, 1996 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 96) 1.8. Efficiently Executing Information Gathering Plans, Friedman Weld, 1997 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 97) p785. Further reading: The Metacrawler [SE95, SE97] is an early (and popular) metasearch system, which uses brute force parallelism to add value, rather than routing queries selectively to relevant search engines. Jango (now Excite Shopping Search) is a metacrawler derivative specialized for comparison shopping. Jango has a database of many ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proc. 4th World Wide Web Conf., pages 195--208, Boston, MA USA, 1995.

....New York Times newspaper. One way of facilitating the access to such searchable databases is to build metasearchers. A metasearcher sends user queries to many search engines, retrieves and merges the results and then returns the combined results back to the user (e.g. GGMT99, MLY 98, XC98, SE95, GCGMP97, LG98] Alternatively, users can browse Yahoo like directories to locate databases of interest and then submit queries to these databases. Some sites have started in the last two years to provide such services. For example, InvisibleWeb 1 and SearchEngine Guide 2 classify various ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-Service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference, December 1995.

....measures. Search engines now uses results of other search engines in a combined e ect to cover more cyberspace and deliver more diverse methods of nding information. The need for more advanced search engines has become apparent as statistics have become known of search engines limited coverage[16, 14] of the Internet and the vast growth of the Internet, yearly. Specialized search engines take into consideration the need of a certain target group of users and aim to provide these users with detailed information on a speci c subject. In order to accomplish this task it tries to cover a greater ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni, \Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler," in Proceedings of WWW Conference, 1995. online at htp://draz.cs.washington.edu/papers/www4/html/overview.html.

....for automated crawling, even if those pages don t rank highly based on text alone. Our analysis may help to explain the utility of anchor text usage, as well as show how likely neighboring pages are to be on the same topic. 2. 3 Meta search engines Meta search engines (e.g. MetaCrawler 5 [SE95, SE97] SavvySearch 6 [DH97, HD97] and DogPile 7 ) are search services that do not search an index of their own, but instead collect and compile the results of searching other engines. While these services may do nothing more than present the results they obtained for the client, they may ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, December 1995.

....directly a system for end users, offers some of the scripting mechanisms we provide for the USI, and can be used by specialists to build similar search objects for scenarios of interest to businesses and organizations. Another very successful related work in the agents area is the meta search [12] approach, which queries several search engines and combines the results. We believe that a USI will be instrumental in evaluating new meta search techniques. We expect that a USI will be useful for agents, and hope that some of the agent software will be useful for us. ....

E. Selberg, and O. Etzioni, "Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler," Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference Boston, MA (December 1995).

....secret al..gorithms, and do not export information about the sources in a standard form. Several metasearchers already exist on the Internet for querying multiple web indexes. However, not all of them completely support the three major metasearch tasks described above. Examples include MetaCrawler [24] (http: www.metacrawler.com) SavvySearch (http: guaraldi.cs.colostate.edu:2000 g, and ProFusion [7] STARTS, the Stanford Protocol Proposal for Internet Retrieval and Search [9] is an emerging protocol whose goal is to facilitate the three metasearching tasks above. STARTS has been developed ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International WWW Conference, Dec. 1995.

....Chuck Anderson and to others, clearly a hazard of only using names for searches. 5.3 Bo Peep: Finding Moved Pages Search engines frequently return obsolete URLs. In 1995, Selberg and Etzioni found that 14.9 of the URLs returned by popular search engines no longer point to accessible pages [38]. With the growth and aging of the web since their measurements, the percent of obsolete URLs returned may now be even higher. Currently, there are no utilities that try to track down moved pages. 5.3.1 Technique 1: Climbing the directory hierarchy Figure 5 15 shows an AltaVista blurb containing ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the metacrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference, 1995.

....for example, for The New York Times newspaper. One way of facilitating the access to this kind of searchable databases is to build metasearchers. A metasearcher sends user queries to many search engines, retrieves and merges the results and then returns the combined results back to the user (see [6, 12, 17, 16, 5, 11]) Alternatively, users can browse Yahoo like directories to locate databases of interest and then submit queries to these databases. Some sites have started in the last few years to provide such services. For example, InvisibleWeb 1 and SearchEngine Guide 2 classify various search engines ....

Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-Service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World-Wide Web Conference, 1995.

....stop browsing. We also have to mention search engines that specializes in specific topics. For example the Search Broker [27] or the Miner family [34] Finally, we have the metasearchers. These are WWW servers that use several engines, collect the answers and unify them. Examples are Metacrawler [35] and SavvySearch [19] 3.2. WWW Directories The best example of WWW directories is Yahoo [2] Directories are hierarchical taxonomies (trees) that classify human knowledge. The main advantage of this technique is that if we find what we are looking for, the answer will be in most cases useful. ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, Dec. 1995. http://www.w3.org/pub/- Conferences/WWW4/Papers/169.

....solutions to the database selection problem can be roughly classified into the following five categories. The naive approach does not perform database selection and the metasearch engine simply sends each user query to all available local search engines. This approach is employed by MetaCrawler [38, 39]. Rough approaches represent a database using a rough description, such as a few words or a few paragraphs. The database representatives are typically manually made and are not sufficiently informative for accurate database selection. Example systems that employ rough approaches are WAIS [23] ....

E. Selberg, and O. Etzioni. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. 4th International World Wide Web Conference, December 1995.

....foundation of an information economy. Valuable information sources include on line travel agents, nationwide Yellow Pages, job listing services, on line malls, and many more. Currently, most of this information is available free of charge, and as a result parallel search tools such as MetaCrawler[18] and BargainFinder [10] respond to requests by querying numerous information sources simultaneously to maximize the information provided and minimize delay. However, information providers may start charging for their services [8, 12, 14] Billing protocols to support an information marketplace ....

....Although not fully general, this is a reasonable model of the current and probable future state of information access on the Internet. The current common mode of providing information is to supply small amounts of information quickly and cheaply (rather than process large scale lengthy requests) [18]. As a result the duration for processing a single query relative to the user s time threshold is typically small. Furthermore, the number of providers continues to grow dramatically. In the case in which there are many information providers but each takes a short amount of time, the assumption of ....

E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. Proc. 4th World Wide Web Conf., 195-208, Boston, MA, 1995.

....have a substantial impact on millions of people daily. Work completed while at the University of Washington. Since a relatively small set of search engines is responsible for the majority of online searching, the performance of these key search engines merits detailed scrutiny. Experiments by Selberg and Etzioni in 1995 and 1999 demonstrated that each of the major search engines returned only a fraction of the URLs of interest to users, and that the overlap of the results returned by di erent search engines was surprisingly small (Selberg and Etzioni, 1995; Selberg, 1999) Lawrence and Giles re ned and extended ....

....search engines merits detailed scrutiny. Experiments by Selberg and Etzioni in 1995 and 1999 demonstrated that each of the major search engines returned only a fraction of the URLs of interest to users, and that the overlap of the results returned by di erent search engines was surprisingly small (Selberg and Etzioni, 1995; Selberg, 1999) Lawrence and Giles re ned and extended that work in two studies in a number of important ways (Lawrence and Giles, 1998b; Lawrence and Giles, 1999) Lawrence and Giles estimated the relative size of the indices used by various major several search engines to the size of the ....

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Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. (1995). Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th World Wide Web Conference, pages 195-208, Boston, MA USA.

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E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proc. WWW4, 1995.

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SELBERG, E. and ETZIONI, O. 1995. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of 4th International World-Wide Web Conference. Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O. (1995). Multi-Service Search and Comparison using the MetaCrawler. Proceedings of the 4th World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, USA, December 1995.

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E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. "MultiService Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler". In Proceedings of the 1995.

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E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of WWW, Darmstadt, Germany, December 1995.

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E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. "MultiService Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler". In Proceedings of the 1995.

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Erik Selberg and Oren Eztioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the Fourth InternationalWorld Wide Web Conference, Boston, December 1995. http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/WWW4/- Papers/169.

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Erik Selberg, Oren Etzioni, "Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler," WWW4 conference, December 1995.

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E. Selberg and O. Etzioni. "MultiService Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler". In Proceedings of the 1995.

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Selberg & Etzioni, Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler, 1995.

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Erik Selberg and Oren Etzioni. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th International WWW Conference, Boston, Mass., December 1995.

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Selberg, E., Etzioni, O. Multi-Service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler. Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, 1995.

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Selberg, E. and Etzioni, O.: Multi-Service Search and Comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA USA, December 1995.

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SELBERG,E.AND ETZIONI, O. 1995. Multi-service search and comparison using the MetaCrawler. In Proceedings of the 4th International World Wide Web Conference.

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Selberg, E. and O. Etzioni. Multi-service Search and Comparison Using the MetaCrawler, in: Proc. of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA, December 1995.

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