Niyogi, P. & Berwick, R. C. 1997 Evolutionary consequences of language learning. Linguist. Phil. 20, 697^719.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....integer. During the language acquisition phase, each child has to decide which grammar is the actual grammar of its parent, based on a nite number of the input sentences, b, that the child receives during the language acquisition period (see Osherson et al. 1986) Lightfoot (1991, 1999) Niyogi Berwick (1996, 1997); Niyogi (1998) Note that the number of candidate grammars can also be innite, provided that children have a prior probability distribution specifying that some grammars are more likely than others. In this paper, however, we shall restrict our analyses to the case of a nite search space, where ....

Niyogi, P. & Berwick, R. C. 1997 Evolutionary consequences of language learning. Linguist. Phil. 20, 697^719.

....S shaped change is caused by syntactic diglossia or competition between parametrically de ned grammatical subsystems within the individual his evidence comes from the relative frequency of the diverse surface cues in a historical sequence of singly and di erently authored texts. 2 The NB Model Niyogi and Berwick (1997) and Niyogi (2000) hereafter NB) have developed a model of grammatical change based on a macro evolutionary deterministic model in which E languages are treated as dynamical systems, the aggregate output of a population of (adult, stable but possibly di erent) generative grammars, and evolution ....

Niyogi, P. and Berwick, R. (1997) `Evolutionary consequences of language learning ', Linguistics and Philosophy, vol.20, 697-719.

....in the grammatical system undergoing change accounts for the rate of the change or for the fact that the change actually goes to completion rather than stalling or even reversing. 15 Why changes spread in the way that they do is little understood, though models of the process have been proposed. Niyogi and Berwick (1997) present a dynamical systems model under which child learners do not always converge on the target grammar of the language to which they are exposed. When, as in the cases discussed above, the evidence for a given parameter setting becomes weak enough, some learners will, due to random e#ects, not ....

Niyogi, Partha and Robert Berwick. 1997. Evolutionary consequences of language learning. Linguistics and Philosophy 20:697--719.

....spread of the creole via the first generation of first language learners exposed to the pidgin (though the work of Roberts (1998) tempers this claim slightly) I ll assume that S curves are attested and the norm, but return to the issue of language genesis briefly at the end. 2 The NB Model Niyogi and Berwick (1997) and Niyogi (2000) hereafter NB) have developed a model of grammatical change based on a macro evolutionary deterministic model in which E languages are treated as dynamical systems, the aggregate output of a population of generative grammars, and evolution of the system corresponds to changes in ....

Niyogi, P. and Berwick, R. (1997) `Evolutionary consequences of language learning ', Linguistics and Philosophy, vol.20, 697--719.

....of the acquisition procedure become critical in determining which grammatical forms will be differentially selected for and maintained in the language, with language acquisition across the generations of users as the the primary form of linguistic inheritance. Niyogi and Berwick (1997a,b; Niyogi, 2000) model language as a dynamical system in which each each state of the system is defined by a population of possibly differing individual adults grammars. The language of this population is defined in terms of the aggregate output of these grammars and characterizes the triggering data for a new ....

Niyogi, Partha and Robert Berwick (1997a) `Evolutionary consequences of language learning', Linguistics and Philosophy, vol.20, 697--719.

....and complex languages, although the methodology of these simulations, extended and refined, would be very suitable for models in historical linguistics. Examples of such applications to historical language change, from quite contrasting theoretical backgrounds, are Hare and Elman (1995) and Niyogi and Berwick (1997)) No biological evolution: In these models, there are no differences between individuals at the point when they are introduced into the population. They all have identical capacities for responding to their environment, either in the production of utterances or in the acquisition of an internal ....

....evolutionary effects of other factors, such as bottlenecks (see below) all the more clearly. Perfect access to primary linguistic data is a basic assumption of classic work in language learnability theory and related theory of language change (e.g. Clark Roberts (1993) Gibson Wexler (1994) Niyogi Berwick (1997)) It is not a problematic assumption, because it is clear that it could be relaxed to partial access all of the tike, or perfect access some of the time (or both) so long as such access is sufficient. Pre defined meanings: The extant models all take as given some set of predefined meaning ....

Niyogi, Partha., and Berwick, Robert, 1997 "Evolutionary consequences of language learning", Linguistics and Philosophy, 20:697-719.

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