Christopher J. Van Wyk. "A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures". ACM Transactions on Graphics 1, 2 (April 1982), 163-182.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Regarding other user interface applications of constraints, there is a long history of using constraints in interfaces and interactive systems, beginning with Ivan Sutherland s pioneering Sketchpad system [17] Constraints have also been used in several other layout applications. IDEAL [18] is an early system specifically designed for page layout applications. Harada, Witkin, and Baraff [11] describe the use of physically based modeling for a variety of interactive modeling tasks, including page layout. There are numerous systems that use constraints for widget layout [14, 15] ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982. 10

....There is a long history of using constraints in interfaces and interactive systems, beginning with Ivan Sutherland s pioneering Sketchpad system [37] Juno 2 is a more recent constraint based drawing application [22] Constraints have also been used in several other layout applications. IDEAL [40] is an early system specifically designed for page layout applications. Harada, Witkin, and Bara [20] describe the use of physicallybased modeling for a variety of interactive modeling tasks, including page layout. glide [36] uses visual organization features (VOFs) to control layout of arbitrary ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163-182, April 1982. 10

....There is a long history of using constraints in interfaces and interactive systems, beginning with Ivan Sutherland s pioneering Sketchpad system [35] Juno 2 is a more recent constraint based drawing application [19] Constraints have also been used in several other layout applications. IDEAL [37] is an early system specifically designed for page layout applications. Harada, Witkin, and Baraff [17] describe the use of physically based modeling for a variety of interactive modeling tasks, including page layout. GLIDE [32] uses visual organization features (VOFs) to control layout of ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982. 17

....positions only for their absolute location [9] Sketchpad, in contrast, stores and maintains the constraint relationships as objects are rearranged. Sketchpad was ahead of its time; IDEAL, the next constraint based system specifically targeting drawing, appeared almost twenty years later [138]. Unlike Sketchpad, IDEAL is strictly a textual language for specifying pictures it is not an interactive system. IDEAL permits specifying arbitrary non simultaneous constraints on points in the complex plane. The drawing is then created procedurally from a configuration of the points that ....

....These constrain attributes such as angles between vectors, Euclidean distances between points and lines, coincidence of a point and an object, and symmetries. Such constraints are the highest level of abstraction provided by any of the systems considered. Several drawing systems, such as IDEAL [138], Juno [112] and Juno 2 [76] permit specifying constraints on points, and then parameterize drawings based on the locations of those points. After 2 Not to be confused with Chok and Marriot s Penguins intelligent diagram editor toolkit. 15 the constraint satisfaction algorithm solves for ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....using Cartesian or polar coordinates. ffl Easy integration in an object oriented framework. Previous work on data display specification includes constraint based languages that have a textual syntax, such as TRIP [Kam89] which uses Prolog terms and functors to specify pictures, and IDEAL [Wyk82], where textual programs instantiate abstract data types. Visual approaches include GVL [GC90] for the display of data structures (e.g. lists) that are created during the execution of a program, and ThingLab [Bor81] ThingLab has an object oriented approach, and the constraints are integrated ....

....language, to specify the display of data. This language is declarative and visual. The U term language is geared to the display of database objects, and to fit in an object oriented framework. The fact that the language has a visual syntax distinguishes it from other approaches such as IDEAL [Wyk82]. IDEAL, ThingLab, and the U term language are the only proposals that deal with polar as well as Cartesian coordinates. In ways, our work is closer to (and also drew from) ThingLab [Bor81] in that the user can define visual classes by example, and the language is constraint based and ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982. 20

....Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 1. Introduction Pic is a language for drawing pictures. It operates as yet another troff [8] preprocessor (in the same style as eqn [7] and tbl [4] with pictures delimited by .PS and .PE. Pic was inspired partly by Chris Van Wyk s early work on ideal [9]; it has somewhat the same capabilities, but quite a different flavor. In particular, pic is much more procedural a picture is drawn by specifying (sometimes in painful detail) the motions that one goes through to draw it. Other direct influences include the PICTURE language [2] the V viewgraph ....

Van Wyk, C.J. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics 1, 2 (1982), 163-182.

....Regarding other user interface applications of constraints, there is a long history of using constraints in interfaces and interactive systems, beginning with Ivan Sutherland s pioneering Sketchpad system [17] Constraints have also been used in several other layout applications. IDEAL [18] is an early system specifically designed for page layout applications. Harada, Witkin, and Baraff [11] describe the use of physically based modeling for a variety of interactive modeling tasks, including page layout. There are numerous systems that use constraints for widget layout [14, 15] ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982. 10

....Independent of logic programming, constraints have proven useful for a variety of applications, including geometric layout, physical simulations, user interface design, document formatting, algorithm animation, and design and analysis of mechanical devices and electrical circuits. See for example [2, 3, 8, 13, 21, 22, 24, 27, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36], and [23] for a survey. Many such applications require some notion of defaults and preferences. If we wish to make full use of the constraint paradigm, we need ways to represent these defaults and preferences declaratively, as constraints, rather than encoding them in the procedural parts of the ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2), April 1982.

....satisfaction issues, which are covered elsewhere [8] and summarized in a later section. Previous work on data display specification includes constraint based languages that have a textual syntax, such as TRIP [13] which uses Prolog terms and functors 2 Chapter 1 to specify pictures, and IDEAL [21], where textual programs instantiate abstract data types. Visual approaches include GVL [11] for the display of data structures (e.g. lists) that are created during the execution of a program, and ThingLab [1] an object oriented system, where the constraints are integrated with the visual ....

....language, to specify the display of data. This language is declarative and visual. The U term language is geared to the display of database objects, and to fit in an object oriented framework. The fact that the language has a visual syntax distinguishes it from other approaches such as IDEAL [21]. In ways, our work is closer to (and also drew from) ThingLab [1] in that the user can define visual classes by example, and the language is constraint based and object oriented. However, ThingLab is a visual programming language while the U term language is a language to specify pictures that ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....There are no good general techniques for solving nonlinear systems, in fact, PFTV86] argues no such method can exist. Systems may restrict the class of constraints they can handle to those which yield systems of equations which are solvable, for example to linear[Li88] or near linear equations[VW82, Lel88] or require the user to specify a method for solving the constraints, such as a geometric construction[FP88, NKK 88] However, without these restrictions systems must resort to numerical searches[Nel85, LGL81] to solve the nonlinear algebraic systems. The solution to the algebraic ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A high level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....) program. The primary aim of doodle is to formally define visual languages for representing facts in an object oriented database. Also, with doodle the user can query the database using the same conventions as for displaying the facts. doodle differs from other visualization proposals (e.g. [Bor81, Wyk82, Rei90, GC90, Kam89]) in that we look at data and its visual manipulation from a database point of view, and stay within the bounds of the formal database field. doodle also differs from other query languages for object oriented databases (e.g. GSKZ85, Cru90, GPV90] in that the user defines how to visualize and ....

...., circle, sector , straightLine, arrow , and doubleArrow . Such a limited set is sufficient for the kinds of displays of the database that we consider (e.g. graphs, bar charts, pie charts) Sets of visual objects that are considered in related work are comparable to the one we consider (e.g. [Gol91, Wyk82]) or more restricted (e.g. Mac86] 0 (v) ss ee ww nn (i) nn ss ee ww (iii) nn ss ee ww . iv) ii) X Y procedure X draw name inModule contains secondObject 0 0 0 0 firstObject contains secondObject 0 0 0 0 firstObject V O1 V Ok lx solid by rx ty boundary box solid lx ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

.... Further examples of numerical solvers are the systems TRIP COOL [ Kamada, 1989 ] 8 , QOCA [ Helm et al. 1995 ] and Bramble [ Gleicher, 1992 ] Numerical solvers which are limited to linear, algebraical constraints are provided by, for example, METAFONT [ Knuth, 1986 ] and IDEAL [ van Wyk, 1982 ] both systems do not have a WYSIWYG interface. Numerical solvers for a fixed set of non linear constraints are used within the drawing programs Briar [ Gleicher and Witkin, 1994 ] Converge [ Sistare, 1991 ] and IntelliDraw, the Aldus commercial drawing program they are WYSIWYG but do ....

C.J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, 1982.

....methods. Donald Knuth s METAFONT [9] and John Hobby s MetaPost [8] also provide numerical solvers, but these systems are limited to constraints that are algebraically linear. Unfortunately, this precludes important geometric predicates like parallelism and congruence. Chris Van Wyk s IDEAL [20] solves a larger class of constraints, but not general non linear constraints. These systems are programmable, but not WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) Constraint based drawing programs like Michael Gleicher s Briar [7] Steve Sistare s Converge [18] and Aldus s commercial program ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, v. 1, no. 2, April 1982. Pages 163--182.

....that specify the same display, but are not specification equivalent. 4 Conclusions We have presented a new constraint based visual language, the U term language, to specify the display of data. This language is declarative and visual. Other languages which are also constraint based, such as IDEAL [Wyk82], Kam89] and [Gol91] are textual. Of these, only IDEAL addresses the display of sectors like the ones that are used in pie charts (called wedges) In ways, our work is closer to (and also drew from) ThingLab [Bor81] in that the user can define visual classes by example, and the language is ....

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....creating other graphics abstractions. One interesting point to note is that the Path module elevates the path to a first class value, something that is not the case for PostScript interpreters. Another area of related work is the declarative description of graphics using constraint based systems [10, 12, 7, 6]. Through the use of constraints, relationships between components of a picture can be expressed declaratively. The drawing of a picture is preceded by a pass where the constraint expressions are satisfied. Whether the generality and flexibility that these constraint based systems offer compared ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-Level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982. A Complete Picture type The complete definition of the Picture is as follows:

....In addition, all variables have very weak equality constraints between their successive states, so that in the absence of stronger constraints, a variable will retain its value over time. There has also been much applications oriented work on using constraints, for domains such as geometric layout [3, 29, 49, 74, 78], user interface toolkits [2, 46, 47, 48, 75] electrical circuit analysis [70, 73] and even jazz composition [40] Regarding constraint hierarchies, our original description of constraint hierarchies is in reference [4] DeltaBlue, an efficient, incremental algorithm for finding a ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....(compared to Gaussian elimination) a subject for experimental studies. The harder question is how to maintain the solvability above under insertion and deletion of equations. It seems that a randomized approach (see below) should work. Another instance of solving linear constraints is seen in [30, 31]. By semilinear we refer to the use of linear inequalities. Much is known about this case via convex polytope theory and linear programming. The fundamental problem here is the computation of convex hulls. This is extremely well studied in computational geometry and great strides have been made ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Trans. on Graphics, 1:163--182, 1982.

....applications Greg J. Badros absolute location [BS86] Sketchpad, in contrast, stores and maintains the constraint relationships as objects are rearranged. Sketchpad was ahead of its time; IDEAL, the next constraint based system specifically targeting drawing, appeared almost twenty years later [VW82] Unlike Sketchpad, IDEAL is strictly a textual language for specifying pictures it is not an interactive system. IDEAL permits specifying arbitrary non simultaneous constraints on points in the complex plane. The drawing is then created procedurally from a configuration of the points that ....

....in the system. These constrain, e.g. angles between vectors, Euclidean distances between points and lines, coincidence of a point and an object, or symmetries. Such constraints are the highest level of abstraction provided by any of the systems considered. Several drawing systems, such as IDEAL [VW82] Juno and Juno 2 [Nel85, HN94] permit specifying constraints on points, and then parameterize drawings based on the locations of those points. After the constraint satisfaction algorithm solves for absolute point locations, procedural (i.e. not declarative) code fragments connect lines, draw ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Christopher J. Van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....used as little as possible. 2. Solutions can be updated. The worst case complexity has been improved using updating algorithms. 2. 2 Related works Incremental algorithms for solving linear equations in the context of constraint programming have been studied and implemented in Metafont [6] Ideal [7], Bertrand [8] CLP [9] etc. These algorithms solves linear equations without preferences. They are directly based on Gaussian elimination. The disadvantage of these algorithms is that they do not order the equations accordning to the cycles. New cycles may be introduced during Gaussian ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

....to express constraints over the union of a number of subdomains, including the real numbers, strings, booleans, and bitmaps. There is a large body of work applying constraints in different domains. Constraints have been applied to geometric layout in drawing programs including COOL [29] IDEAL [47], the IntelliDraw program from Aldus Corporation, Juno [36] Magritte [20] the celebrated Sketchpad system [44] and ThingLab I [2] Constraints have been used in a fair number of user interfaces and user interface construction systems, including Animus [10] the Cactus statistics exploration ....

Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

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Christopher J. Van Wyk. "A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures". ACM Transactions on Graphics 1, 2 (April 1982), 163-182.

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Christopher J. Van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

No context found.

Christopher J. van Wyk. A high-level language for specifying pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2):163--182, April 1982.

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Christopher J. van Wyk, `A high-level language for specifying pictures', ACM Trans. Graphics, 1, (2), 163--182 (1982).

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Christopher J. van Wyk. A High-level Language for Specifying Pictures. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1(2): 163-182, 1982.

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