Krakowiak, S., Meysembourg, M., Nguyen Van, H., Riveill, M., Roisin, C. and Rousset de Pina, X. 1990. Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming 3(3):11--22.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....on centralized coordination of processes. There are some, however, synchronization constructs in existing concurrent object oriented languages that are comparable to ours. Close to our work are path expressions (e.g. PROCOL [4] and constructs similar to synchronization counters (e.g. Guide [12] and DRAGOON [2] These proposals, as ours, differ from the AOP approach in that the specification of the system concurrency issues are part of the final program. Unfortunately, synchronization counters have limited expressiveness since they are not able to order events explicitly. Path ....

Krakowiak, S., Meysembourg, M., Nguyen Van, H., Riveill, M., Roisin, C. and Rousset de Pina, X. 1990. Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming 3(3):11--22.

....based on centralized coordination of processes. There are some, however, synchronization constructs in existing concurrent objectoriented languages that are comparable to ours. Close to our work are path expressions (e.g. PROCOL [4] and constructs similar to synchronization counters (e.g. Guide [9] and DRAGOON [2] These proposals differ from the AOP approach in that the specification of the system concurrent issues are part of the final program. Unfortunately, synchronization counters have limited expressiveness since it is not possible to order methods explicitly. Path expressions are ....

Krakowiak, S., Meysembourg, M., Nguyen Van, H., Pdveill, M., Roisin, C. and Rousset de Pina, X. 1990. Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming 3(3):11-22.

....The aim of the Guide project is to explore distributed computing structured in terms of objects and based on a set of workstations interconnected via a local area network. The Guide model is based on shared persistent objects. The system offers a strongly typed object oriented programming language [10] and provides system support for object persistency, dis tribution, synchronization and parallel execution (for detailed description see [2] 6] We want to extend the existing scheme for object invocation in Guide to deal with replicated objects. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 ....

S. Krakowiak et al., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal on ObjectOriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, September 1990.

....system, provide a possible basis for structuring this axis. Clearly, depending on the stage in the reification process, the software designer may need to refine the operating system slot into the set of abstract machines at hand (typically, distributed object oriented systems such as GUIDE [Krakowiak 90] offer higher level services than traditional multiprocess systems such as Unix) Coupled with responsibility and dynamicity, one can express, for a particular service, the capacity of migration between the levels of abstraction of the system. Thus, migration may occur among the actors of the ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin. Design and Implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications', Journal of ObjectOriented Programming, September 1990.

....work in COMANDOS . The main design is completed. A prototype single node implementation is being done on top of the UNIX System V. Contact: S. Krakowiak, Laboratoire de G enie Informatique, IMAG Campus, BP 53 X, 38041 Grenoble C edex, France. References: 175] 176] 177] 178] [179] 2.25 Gutenberg Main Goal Gutenberg is an operating system kernel designed to facilitate the design and structuring of distributed systems and to provide all forms of transparency. The crux of the Gutenberg approach is its use of port based communication, non uniform object orientation and ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, M. Riveill, and C. Roisin, "Design and Implementation of an ObjectOriented Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Technical Report, IMAG Campus, Grenoble C'edex, France, September 1987.

....universe organized as a set of objects shared by concurrent activities. In the Guide project, we have designed and implemented a system that supports such a model. Our goal is to provide an efficient platform for a family of object oriented languages such as Guide (a language designed by our group [ Krakowiak90]) and a persistent extension of C . In particular, we wish to enhance sharing and protection, to simplify integration and to improve the performance of complex cooperating applications manipulating a large number of small objects (i.e. about a few hundred bytes) Our target application domain ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin and X. Rousset de Pina, Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications, Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP), 3(3), pp. 11-22, October 1990.

....such as concurrent document edition and program development. The project aims to define an architecture which hides most of the problems inherent in distribution thus providing location, access and execution transparency. The system offers a strongly typed object oriented programming language [Krakowiak et al. 1990] and provides system support for object persistency, distribution, synchronization and parallel execution (for detailed description see [Balter et al. 1991] Decouchant Duda 1990] The first Guide system prototype was implemented on top of Unix. This experience has shown the need for system ....

S. Krakowiak et al., "Design and Implementation of an ObjectOriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal on Object-Oriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, September 1990.

....the Guide system is able to access and manipulate data managed by the O 2 system, but the contrary is not possible. 2. 2 The Guide System and Language One important feature of the Guide project is a strong integration between the Guide language and the Guide system, through an object paradigm [ 4] . The idea is to embody the main abstractions provided by the system in language constructs: so, the language supports directly the object model on which the system is built. The main features of the language are separate definition of types and classes, strong typing, support for complex ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, et Al: Design and Implementation of an Object -Oriented Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 3 , No. 3, pp. 11-22, Sept./Oct. 1990.

....the Guide system is able to access and manipulate data managed by the O 2 system, but the contrary is not possible. 3 2. 2 The Guide System and Language One important feature of the Guide project is a strong integration between the Guide language and the Guide system, through an object paradigm [4]. The idea is to embody the main abstractions provided by the system in language constructs: so, the language supports directly the object model on which the system is built. The main features of the language are separate definition of types and classes, strong typing, support for complex ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin and X. Rousset de Pina, Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications, Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, Vol. 3 ( No. 3), pp. 11-22 , Sept./Oct. 1990.

....chosen, the activation of a relevant tool is automatically done by the system. Moreover, we provide a specific declarative language called Indra that integrates all these contributions in an homogeneous fashion. Indra has been implemented on top of the Guide object oriented distributed system [2][12]. We took advantage of the Guide object model for representing the Indra concepts. A specific compiler was used to translate the definition of the coordinations of the tools and the definition of the Tree Schema into Guide object classes. The late binding of object provided by Guide has allowed to ....

Krakowiak S., Meysembourg M., Nguyen Van H., Riveill M., Roisin C., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, sept-oct 90.

....the Guide project, whose aim is to explore distributed computing structured in terms of objects and based on a set of workstations interconnected via a local area network. The Guide model is based on shared persistent objects. The system offers a strongly typed object oriented programming language [16] and provides system support for object persistency, This is an extended version of a paper presented at the 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, Pittsburgh (USA) May 1993. y On leave at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Programming Systems Research Group 1 ....

S. Krakowiak et al., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal on ObjectOriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, September 1990.

....side effect of the object oriented development is the implicit introduction of a new notion,the set concept, into the programmer s or manager s intellectual environment. Indeed, through the type and class abstractions, instances can be considered as set members of one class, and, in some languages [7], classes as members of a type. Thus, the decomposition of an architecture into multiple small objects increases quantitative complexity, while favoring grouping into set structures. 2 The complexity of computer systems is increased by distribution Distributed systems aim at managing hundreds ....

....also includes features for the control of concurrent activities, expression of synchronisation constraints on shared objects and exception handling. To ease the development of complex distributed applications, the features of the models are embedded into a strongly typed object oriented language [7]. 4.2 Requirements and Solutions Debugging is difficult in a distributed OO system because of parallelism, remote execution and object sharing. Moreover, the object model provide a high level of abstraction, that tends to hide the operation details such as location transparency and distributed ....

S. Krakowiak et al, "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal of ObjectOriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, october-november 1990.

....can also checkpoint their state and log state changes at a selected storesite. An object can be reassigned to a different storesite dynamically. Special protocols to locate objects using storesites and to manage objects in persistent storage are part of the approach. Likewise, the Comandos system [Kra90a, Ber90a] also supports persistent objects and object mobility. A new language named Guide is introduced to implement application programs and is integrated with the runtime system. A specific feature of Comandos is the support of object clusters with dynamic cluster management facilities [Kra90a] This ....

....[Kra90a, Ber90a] also supports persistent objects and object mobility. A new language named Guide is introduced to implement application programs and is integrated with the runtime system. A specific feature of Comandos is the support of object clusters with dynamic cluster management facilities [Kra90a]. This way, coherent units of local execution can be configured at runtime. A proposal to support a highly available distributed object repository is outlined in [Lis90a] In addition to basic object distribution facilities, object replication and flexible language integration is supported by the ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, and H. Van Nguyen et al., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications," Journal of Object-Oriented Programming 3(3), pp. 11-22 (Sept/Oct 1990).

.... 95, Gehani 93, Matsuoka 93] Other sequential object oriented languages that have also been extended for concurrent execution include Smalltalk [Yaoqing 93] and Eiffel [Jzquel 93, Meyer 93] Languages that have been specifically designed for concurrent object oriented programming include Guide [Krakowiak 90] Orca [Bal 90] and POOL [Annot 90] Concurrency is introduced in Guide using asynchronous method calls, and concurrency control is expressed declaratively using a mechanism similar to path expressions [Andrews 91] Guide objects are passive. Orca forbids an object s methods to execute ....

S. Krakowiak, et al., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications", Journal of ObjectOriented Programming, September/October 1990, 3(3):11-22.

....for this purpose to keep track of the occurrence of such events. These variables may then be used in the definition state predicates. This mechanism in combination with abstract states and state predicates, may be used to specify synchronization based on synchronization counters [34] as in Guide[19]. 1313 Some of these actions could be included directly in the code of the object. However, this approach has several disadvantages. Most importantly, when writing the methods of a class the first time one can not anticipate all the information that will be needed by state predicates to be ....

Sacha Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, Michel Riveill, C. Roisin and X. Rousset de Pina, "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications," Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept./Oct. 1990, pp. 11--22

....active thread executes the detach primitive. The next and become primitives in Rosette and ACT can be used to achieve a similar effect, with the additional restriction that concurrent threads may not share the object s state since they execute on different versions of the object. In Guide [19], an object is associated with a set of activation conditions that specify which methods may be executed in parallel by internally concurrent threads. Internal Concurrency SEQUENTIAL Single thread of control ABCL 1, POOL T QUASI CONCURRENT There are several logical threads but only one at a time. ....

S. Krakowiak et al.,"Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications," JOOP, September/October 1990, pp. 11-22.

....(currently C and C ) Supporting additional languages is however straightforward, and requires the addition of some simple modules to the kernel (e.g. data conversion routines for presentation management) In COMET, classes and types are independent entities. A similar approach is used in Guide [5], OVID [4] and Portlandish [13] This strict separation is essential in an open environment. It allows us to provide multiple implementations, e.g. for different machine architectures, or written in different programming languages. A type and its classes are brought together in a template. A ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin, and X. Rousset de Pina, "Design and Implementation of an ObjectOriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications" Journal on Object-Oriented Programming, pp. 11-22 (September/October 1990).

....executing a given method must be chosen so as to reduce the two conflicting figures that are the number of messages exchanged between processors, and the processors load. Considering existing distributed object based runtime systems (e.g. Argus [2] Clouds [10] Doom [5] Emerald [3] Guide [11]) placement of method executions relies on a simple strategy that is one of the following: execution on the storing node of the called object, execution on the calling node, or execution on the node explicitly mentioned by the programmer. Obviously, the two first (transparent) policies are not ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen van, M. Riveil, and C. Roisin. Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, 3:11-- 22, 1990.

....and synchronization. 2.1. Object model This section gives a summary of the main features of the object model. This model is supported by a language used to build distributed applications, which is briefly described in this section. A more detailed description, with examples, may be found in [8]. An object encapsulates data (the state of the object) and operations (also called methods) The data may only be accessed via method invocation. A type describes an object behavior shared by all objects of the type. This behavior is defined by the signatures of the methods and public variables. ....

Krakowiak, S., Meysembourg, M., Nguyen Van, H., Riveill, M., Roisin, C., and Rousset de Pina, X., "Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented, Strongly Typed Language for Distributed Applications, " to appear in Journal on Object-Oriented Programming, 1990.

....sharing is relatively unfrequent, we want to provide fine grain synchronization mechanisms for shared objects. Our research effort has been done in two phases. We started by building a first prototype of an object support system, based on Unix, and tuned to the needs of one specific language [7]. The experience gained from the use of this system was used to design a generic object support subsystem [8] 9] developed on the Mach 3.0 micro kernel [10] ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin, X. Rousset de Pina, "Design and implementation of an Object-Oriented, strongly typed language for distributed applications ", Journal of Object Oriented Programming, vol. 3, num. 3, pp. 11-22, September/October 1990.

....represent the context of the job. The persistent object memory has been implemented using raw disk mode. A detailed description of the Guide implementation on Unix is given in [Decouchant88a] The Guide language, a prototype of the language designed and implemented by the project, is described in [Krakowiak89]. 4 Experience The experience gained in implementing and developing the Comandos architecture may be summarized under two main headings: experience with building a kernel, and experience in developing applications. 4.1 Experience in developing a distributed kernel The function of the Comandos ....

Krakowiak S., Meysembourg M., Nguyen Van H., Riveill M., Roisin C., "Design and implementation of an object-oriented, strongly typed language for distributed applications", submitted to Journal of Object-Oriented Programming

....this allows protection to be based on checking by a compiler. Types (interface descriptions) are (2) Unix is a trademark of AT T Bell Laboratories. 3 distinct from classes (instance generators) a type may be implemented by several different classes. More details on the language can be found in [Krakowiak90 ]. Second, the Unix system was used for the implementation of this prototype. Actually, Unix was not chosen for its features regarding the Guide requirements, but rather for its adequacy for rapidly developing a platform for our experiments. After four years of efforts (1986 to 1990) a ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin and X. Rousset de Pina, Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications, Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP), 3(3), pp. 11-22, October 1990.

....are given in section 7. 2. Overview of the Guide model In this section, we give a brief overview of the Guide model. This model is embedded in object oriented languages such as an extended version of C or the Guide language. The characteristics of the Guide language may be found in [Krakowiak 90]. 2.1. Object and execution model In Guide, objects are passive, i.e. they are completely dissociated from execution structures. The execution unit is a job (which roughly corresponds to an application ) A job is a potentially distributed virtual space, in which one or several activities ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin, and X. Rousset de Pina, Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications, Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, vol. 3, 3, pp 11-22

....used as a means for structuring applications and for communication between applications. We have designed and implemented a system (on top of the Mach 3. 0 microkernel [1] that provides an efficient platform for a family of object oriented languages such as Guide (a language designed by our group [11]) and a persistentextension of C . In particular, we wish to enhance sharing and protection, to simplify integration and to improve the performance of complex cooperating applications manipulating a large number of small objects (i.e. about a few hundred bytes) Our target application domain ....

S. Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, M. Riveill, C. Roisin, X. Rousset de Pina, "Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications", Journal of ObjectOriented Programming (JOOP), vol. 3, num. 3, October 1990.

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Sacha Krakowiak, M. Meysembourg, H. Nguyen Van, Michel Riveill, C. Roisin, and X. Rousset de Pina. Design and implementation of an object-oriented strongly typed language for distributed applications. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, 3(3):1122, September 1990.

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