MCCANNE, S., AND VETTERLI, M. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Oct. 1995).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Filters Multicasting a video stream to multiple receivers poses the problem of adapting the stream to the different access link characteristics of the individual receivers. An often cited approach is to code the stream in different quality layers and distribute them on different network channels [36], 37] A receiver subscribes only to as many channels his access link can handle. While this approach seems very favorable, as it can use the existing multicast technology of the underlying network, it has some major drawbacks. The quality of a compressed video stream is a multidimensional ....

S. McCanne, M. Vetterli, Joint Source/Channel Coding for Multicast Packet Video. IEEE Interna- tional Conference on Image Processing `95, Washington DC, USA, pp. 25-28, October 1995

....rate of most encoders can not be changed over a wide range. In an alternative approach, the server keeps several versions of each stream with different qualities. As available bandwidth changes, the server plays back streams of higher or lower quality as appropriate. With hierarchical encoding[8, 10, 12, 21], the server maintains a layered encoded version of each stream. As more bandwidth becomes available, more layers of the encoding are delivered. If the average bandwidth decreases, the server may then drop some of the layers being transmitted. Layered approaches usually have the decoding ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pages 776--785, October 1995.

....last hop link 2 . However, it has also been proposed that hierarchically encoded signals, such as video, might be sent in separate sublayers on different multicast addresses and receivers would adjust their reservations on the different groups according to available bandwidth near the end system [52]. How would these two somewhat redundant mechanisms interact Should the proxy eventually relinquish this task, or is it a more fundamental one Such questions can only be explored through study of these protocols all in operation at the same time, and adjusting to the common underlying network ....

McCanne, S., and Vetterli, M., Joint Source/Channel Coding for Multicast Packet Video, In the Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, October, 1995, Washington, DC.

....more available bandwidth than others. Choosing a single transmission rate (at any instance in time) will either unnecessarily constrain those receivers with higher bandwidth paths or congest the lower bandwidth paths leaving some receivers with high loss rates. In response, Deering [5] and others [9, 11, 15, 16] proposed using layered coding algorithms 4 to transmit video data, striping different layers across different IP multicast groups [4] In this scheme, a receiver only subscribes to those groups for which sufficient network capacity exists. Thus, in a heterogeneous network, each receiver is able ....

....multicast groups [4] In this scheme, a receiver only subscribes to those groups for which sufficient network capacity exists. Thus, in a heterogeneous network, each receiver is able to adjust its level of subscription to receive an appropriate 4 Layered coding algorithms, such as described in [9, 11], partition the encoded signal into several layers. The base layer encodes a fairly primitive rendering of the image, and higher layers encode increasingly finer enhancements to the image. Layered coding algorithms thus provide several different levels of encoding simultaneously. A receiver can ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Washington, DC, pages 25--28, October 1995.

....over a wide range. In an alternative approach, the server keeps several versions of each stream with different qualities. As available bandwidth changes, the server switches playback streams and delivers data from a stream with higher or lower quality as appropriate. With hierarchical encoding[MV95, McC96, VC94, LKK98] the server maintains a layered encoded version of each stream. As more bandwidth becomes available, more layers of the encoding are delivered. If the average bandwidth decreases, the server may then drop some of the layers being transmitted. Layered approaches usually have ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Image Processing, 1995.

....massive amounts of data in real time requires specific multimedia system design issues and forces tradeoffs between real time performance and data accuracy. Thus, while many research efforts aim to enable satisfactory multimedia presentations, by providing adequate application and system support [2, 9, 3], other efforts are directed towards characterizing and guaranteeing a certain quality of service (QoS) 17, 13] A possible definition of QoS is [20] QoS represents the set of those quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a distributed multimedia system necessary to achieve the ....

Steven McCanne and Martin Vetterli. Joint Source/Channel Coding for Multicast Packet Video. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Washington, DC, 1995.

....by DARPA under contract No. DABT6395 C0095 and DABT63 96 C 0054 as part of SPT and VINT projects. streaming applications such as conferencing tools[11, 28] have a synchronized multi user nature, the majority of current applications in the Internet involve web based audio and video playback [17, 18] where a stored video is streamed from the server to a client upon request. The increasing trend in deployment of streaming applications over the Internet is expected to continue, and such semi realtime traffic will form a higher portion of the Internet load. Thus the overall behavior of these ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pages 776--785, Oct. 1995.

....encountered at the congestion point. In general, this reduced bandwidth form is not obtained by simply dropping units from the higher bandwidth form. The importance of graceful degradation is well recognized, and indeed is supported by techniques such as layered encoding of images and video [2, 11, 16]. In layered encoding, the image is coded into successive levels. Reconstruction is possible (albeit at lower quality) even if one or more lower level components are missing. Layered encoding provides a fairly coarse level of control over the bandwidth of the stream, based on the number of levels ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, October 1995.

....encoders can not be changed over a wide range. In an alternative approach, the server keeps several versions of each stream with different qualities. As available bandwidth changes, the server switches playback between streams of higher or lower quality as appropriate. With hierarchical encoding[8, 10, 12, 19], the server maintains a layered encoded version of each stream. As more bandwidth becomes available, more layers of the encoding are delivered. If the average bandwidth decreases, the server may then drop some of the layers being transmitted. Layered approaches usually have the decoding ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Image Processing, 1995.

....intra network active congestion control. In Section 6 we examine the performance of active congestion control both with and without sender rate adaptation. The importance of graceful degradation is well recognized, and indeed is supported by techniques such as layered encoding of images and video [11, 10, 15]. In layered encoding, the image is coded into successive levels. Reconstruction is possible (albeit at lower quality) even if one or more lower level components are missing. Layered encoding provides a fairly coarse level of control over the bandwidth of the stream, based on the number of levels ....

S. McCanne and M. Vetterli. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, October 1995.

....tools like CU SeeMe[5] nv[6] ivs[13] and vic[9] all suffer from this problem because they transmit video at a uniform rate to all receivers in the network. We and others have proposed to solve this problem through the combination of layered compression and hierarchical transmission [1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 14]. Under this model, the video codecproducesa layered bit stream, where each layer is distributed over a distinct multicast channel. Consequently, each receiver can tailor its inbound rate by controlling the number of multicast channels it receives. CU SeeMe, nv, and vic all carry out temporal ....

....[9] If we replace these monolithic block coding algorithms with a layered block coding algorithm, we can produce a layered output that can be used with our layered transmission system. This approach has been taken in [15] where the block code is basedon hierarchical vector quantization, and in [11], where the block code is based on zero tree coding of wavelet coefficients. In this paper, we propose a third block code, namely progressive refinement of DCT coefficients. Our compressionscheme, LDCT , is a layered DCT basedcompression algorithm for Internet video based on the point transform ....

MCCANNE, S., AND VETTERLI, M. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Oct. 1995).

....Multicast be used as a layered transmission system where layers are individually mapped onto multicast groups [43] Both Turletti and Bolot [165] and Chaddha and Gupta [25] describe this architecture but do not present an adaptation algorithm or implementation. Our approach was first described in [118] and [122] but a specific adaptation scheme was not published until [121] Brown et al. have implemented a multi resolution extension to the CU SeeMe video conferencing system where IP Multicast receivers subscribe to either a 160x120 or a 320x240 stream by joining either one or two multicast ....

....stable can be unfair. If the RLM conversation starts and converges first, then the final bandwidth apportionment is approximately fair; otherwise, it is grossly unfair. the results of this random placement simulation with those obtained by computing the optimal allocation of layers as described in [118]. 5.4.5 Interaction with TCP Because of the non stationary and non linear nature of RLM and other congestion control algorithms like TCP slow start, formal analysis of their interaction is a hard, open problem and we thus cannot analytically predict their interdependent behavior. But to shed some ....

Steven McCanne. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. Dissertation Proposal, Qualifying Exam, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, September 1994.

....bandwidths and processing capabilities. We are currently using the vic framework to explore a new approach to the heterogeneous multicast video transmission problem, where we jointly design the video compression algorithm with the network transport protocol. We are developing a layered video codec [30] based on subband wavelet decomposition and conditional replenishment, in tandem with an adaptive congestion control scheme. By striping the compression layers across different multicast groups [30, 43] receivers can locally adapt to fluctuations in network capacity by adding and dropping ....

....compression algorithm with the network transport protocol. We are developing a layered video codec [30] based on subband wavelet decomposition and conditional replenishment, in tandem with an adaptive congestion control scheme. By striping the compression layers across different multicast groups [30, 43], receivers can locally adapt to fluctuations in network capacity by adding and dropping layers. 8 SUMMARY In this paper, we described the network and software architectures of vic. By building the design around applicationlevel framing, we achieved a highly flexible decomposition without ....

MCCANNE, S., AND VETTERLI, M. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Oct. 1995).

....communicating, and executing the selective forwarding of subflows along all the links in a distribution. While much of the previous work leaves this as an implementation detail, a novel mechanism based on IP Multicast was suggested by Deering [6] and elaborated on and or independently reported in [4, 9, 20, 26, 33]. In this approach, the different layers of the hierarchical signal are striped across multiple multicast groups and receivers adapt to congestion by adding and dropping layers (i.e. joining and leaving multicast groups) Receivers implicitly define the multicast distribution trees simply by ....

....becomes fully saturated. We have run simulations using RED gateways in place of drop tail gateways and the loss rate performance indeed improves. 6 The Application To complement the layered transmission system provided by RLM, we have developed a layered source coder adapted for this environment [26]. Our goal is to design, build, and evaluate all of the components that contribute to a scalable video transmission system, ensuring that the pieces of the design interact well with each other. To this end, our system is based on Clark and Tennenhouse s Application Level Framing (ALF) protocol ....

MCCANNE, S., AND VETTERLI, M. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Washington, DC, Oct. 1995).

....set of receivers, the source would have to run at a rate that matches the most constrained receiver. This is not satisfactory. Instead, receivers along high bandwidth paths should receive correspondingly higher quality. One approach to this problem is the use of layered coding algorithms [10, 15, 17] where hosts along lower bandwidth paths receive fewer layers. While this approach is elegant and efficient, it is not yet deployed nor compatible with the installed base of JPEG hardware and existing video applications. Our goal is to create an architecture that is compatible with prevalent ....

MCCANNE, S., AND VETTERLI, M. Joint source/channel coding for multicast packet video. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (Oct. 1995).

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